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Biddanda A, Bandyopadhyay E, de la Fuente Castro C, Witonsky D, Urban Aragon JA, Pasupuleti N, Moots HM, Fonseca R, Freilich S, Stanisavic J, Willis T, Menon A, Mustak MS, Kodira CD, Naren AP, Sikdar M, Rai N, Raghavan M. Distinct positions of genetic and oral histories: Perspectives from India. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100305. [PMID: 38720459 PMCID: PMC11153255 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, genomic data have contributed to several insights on global human population histories. These studies have been met both with interest and critically, particularly by populations with oral histories that are records of their past and often reference their origins. While several studies have reported concordance between oral and genetic histories, there is potential for tension that may stem from genetic histories being prioritized or used to confirm community-based knowledge and ethnography, especially if they differ. To investigate the interplay between oral and genetic histories, we focused on the southwestern region of India and analyzed whole-genome sequence data from 156 individuals identifying as Bunt, Kodava, Nair, and Kapla. We supplemented limited anthropological records on these populations with oral history accounts from community members and historical literature, focusing on references to non-local origins such as the ancient Scythians in the case of Bunt, Kodava, and Nair, members of Alexander the Great's army for the Kodava, and an African-related source for Kapla. We found these populations to be genetically most similar to other Indian populations, with the Kapla more similar to South Indian tribal populations that maximize a genetic ancestry related to Ancient Ancestral South Indians. We did not find evidence of additional genetic sources in the study populations than those known to have contributed to many other present-day South Asian populations. Our results demonstrate that oral and genetic histories may not always provide consistent accounts of population origins and motivate further community-engaged, multi-disciplinary investigations of non-local origin stories in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Biddanda
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Esha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Constanza de la Fuente Castro
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Programa de Genética Humana, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Witonsky
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | - Nagarjuna Pasupuleti
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka 574199, India
| | - Hannah M Moots
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures Museum, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Renée Fonseca
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Suzanne Freilich
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Jovan Stanisavic
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tabitha Willis
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anoushka Menon
- Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK
| | - Mohammed S Mustak
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka 574199, India
| | | | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mithun Sikdar
- Anthropological Survey of India, Mysore, Karnataka 570026, India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
| | - Maanasa Raghavan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Luis JR, Palencia-Madrid L, Deshpande K, Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Peña JA, de Pancorbo MM, Garcia-Bertrand R, Herrera RJ. On the Y chromosome of Chennai, Tamil Nadu and the Indian subcontinent. Gene 2023; 859:147175. [PMID: 36632908 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several migratory waves from various origins along with cultural practices restricting marriages between people of different castes and tribes as well as continued endogamy have led to a complex and diverse society in the Indian subcontinent. Despite being widely represented in genetic studies, several interrogatives remain with regards to India's current genetic constituents and distributions, source populations and population relationships. To identify the forces that may have shaped Indian population's genetic relationships, we undertook a comprehensive comparative study of the Y-chromosomes across India utilizing Y-STR and Y-SNP chromosomal markers using the general population of Chennai in the state of Tamil Nadu as a point of reference. Our analyses identify differences in source populations for different regions within India, unique linguistic characteristics as well as demographic and cultural forces that may have shaped population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodriguez Luis
- Area de Antropología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur s/n, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Leire Palencia-Madrid
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ketaki Deshpande
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Miguel A Alfonso-Sanchez
- Departamento de Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose A Peña
- Departamento de Genética y Antropología Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Dpto. Z. y Biologia Celular A., Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | | | - Rene J Herrera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
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Phillips C, de la Puente M, Ruiz-Ramirez J, Staniewska A, Ambroa-Conde A, Freire-Aradas A, Mosquera-Miguel A, Rodriguez A, Lareu MV. Eurasiaplex-2: Shifting the focus to SNPs with high population specificity increases the power of forensic ancestry marker sets. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2022; 61:102780. [PMID: 36174251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To compile a new South Asian-informative panel of forensic ancestry SNPs, we changed the strategy for selecting the most powerful markers for this purpose by targeting polymorphisms with near absolute specificity - when the South Asian-informative allele identified is absent from all other populations or present at frequencies below 0.001 (one in a thousand). More than 120 candidate SNPs were identified from 1000 Genomes datasets satisfying an allele frequency screen of ≥ 0.1 (10 % or more) allele frequency in South Asians, and ≤ 0.001 (0.1 % or less) in African, East Asian, and European populations. From the candidate pool of markers, a final panel of 36 SNPs, widely distributed across most autosomes, were selected that had allele frequencies in the five 1000 Genomes South Asian populations ranging from 0.4 to 0.15. Slightly lower average allele frequencies, but consistent patterns of informativeness were observed in gnomAD South Asian datasets used to validate the 1000 Genomes variant annotations. We named the panel of 36 South Asian-specific SNPs Eurasiaplex-2, and the informativeness of the panel was evaluated by compiling worldwide population data from 4097 samples in four genome variation databases that largely complement the global sampling of 1000 Genomes. Consistent patterns of allele frequency distribution, which were specific to South Asia, were observed in all populations in, or closely sited to, the Indian sub-continent. Pakistani populations from the HGDP-CEPH panel had markedly lower allele frequencies, highlighting the need to develop a statistical system to evaluate the ancestry inference value of counting the number of population-specific alleles present in an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Phillips
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland..
| | - M de la Puente
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Ruiz-Ramirez
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Staniewska
- Institute of Anthropology and Ethnology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland
| | - A Ambroa-Conde
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Freire-Aradas
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Mosquera-Miguel
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M V Lareu
- Forensic Genetics Unit, Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Mendes M, Jonnalagadda M, Ozarkar S, Lima Torres FC, Borda Pua V, Kendall C, Tarazona-Santos E, Parra EJ. Identifying signatures of natural selection in Indian populations. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271767. [PMID: 35925921 PMCID: PMC9352006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present the results of a genome-wide scan for signatures of positive selection using data from four tribal groups (Kokana, Warli, Bhil, and Pawara) and two caste groups (Deshastha Brahmin and Kunbi Maratha) from West of the Maharashtra State In India, as well as two samples of South Asian ancestry from the 1KG project (Gujarati Indian from Houston, Texas and Indian Telugu from UK). We used an outlier approach based on different statistics, including PBS, xpEHH, iHS, CLR, Tajima’s D, as well as two recently developed methods: Graph-aware Retrieval of Selective Sweeps (GRoSS) and Ascertained Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (ASMC). In order to minimize the risk of false positives, we selected regions that are outliers in all the samples included in the study using more than one method. We identified putative selection signals in 107 regions encompassing 434 genes. Many of the regions overlap with only one gene. The signals observed using microarray-based data are very consistent with our analyses using high-coverage sequencing data, as well as those identified with a novel coalescence-based method (ASMC). Importantly, at least 24 of these genomic regions have been identified in previous selection scans in South Asian populations or in other population groups. Our study highlights genomic regions that may have played a role in the adaptation of anatomically modern humans to novel environmental conditions after the out of Africa migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Mendes
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto—Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Manjari Jonnalagadda
- Symbiosis School for Liberal Arts (SSLA), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Pune, India
| | - Shantanu Ozarkar
- Department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Flávia Carolina Lima Torres
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Borda Pua
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher Kendall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto—Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo Tarazona-Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Esteban J. Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto—Mississauga Campus, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Jonnalagadda M, Bharti N, Kasibhatla SM, Wagh MA, Joshi R, Ozarkar S, Ashma R. MC1R diversity and its role in skin pigmentation variation in West Maharashtra, India. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23734. [PMID: 35188998 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES MC1R polymorphisms have been reported to be under a selective constraint in populations inhabiting high UVR regions such as Africans; however, these patterns are not consistent. Here we analyze the MC1R gene in West Maharashtra, India to see if sequence diversity corresponds to their diverse pigmentary profiles and if MC1R is constrained in dark skinned tribal as compared to lighter skinned caste populations. METHODS A 2648 bp region of this gene was sequenced in 102 individuals and the data was compared for π, ϴ diversity indices. Tajima's D was assessed for signatures of purifying selection and MC1R variants were associated with MI measures using the additive, dominant, and recessive models. Pairwise FST was tested among study populations and between study populations and 1000 Genomes regional samples. RESULTS MC1R diversity was not uniquely patterned among castes and tribes. Non-synonymous variants rs2228479A, rs1805007_T, and rs885479_A showed low variability in these populations. Selection tests did not indicate any constraint on MC1R and pairwise FST were also low among the study populations (-0.0163 to 0.06112). The SNP rs3212359 was significantly associated with MI measures when tested using different association models. CONCLUSIONS We do not find evidence of a selective constraint on MC1R. The presence of a large number of unique haplotypes and low FST values at this locus suggests that MC1R polymorphisms may not be influencing pigmentation variation among castes and tribes in this region. Observed associations between rs3212359 and MI measures need to be validated through studies on larger samples and in-vitro functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Jonnalagadda
- Symbiosis School for Liberal Arts, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Neeraj Bharti
- HPC-MBA Group, C-DAC Innovation Park, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, India
| | | | - Mayur A Wagh
- Symbiosis School for Liberal Arts, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India
| | - Rajendra Joshi
- HPC-MBA Group, C-DAC Innovation Park, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Pune, India
| | - Shantanu Ozarkar
- Department of Anthropology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Richa Ashma
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Dash HR, Avila E, Jena SR, Kaitholia K, Agarwal R, Alho CS, Srivastava A, Singh AK. Forensic characterization of 124 SNPs in the central Indian population using precision ID Identity Panel through next-generation sequencing. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:465-473. [PMID: 34748086 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, SNP markers are being explored as a useful alternative to conventional capillary electrophoresis-based STR typing. Low mutation rate and short-sized amplicons are added advantages of SNP markers over the STRs. However, to achieve a sufficient level of discrimination among individuals, a higher number of SNPs need to be characterized simultaneously. Hence, the NGS technique is highly useful to analyze a sufficiently higher number of SNPs simultaneously. Though the technique is in its nascent stage, an attempt has been made to assess its usability in the central Indian population by analyzing 124 SNPs (90 autosomal and 34 Y-chromosome) in 95 individuals. Various quality parameters such as locus balance, locus strand balance, heterozygosity balance, and noise level showed a good quality sequence obtained from the Ion GeneStudio S5 instrument. Obtained frequency of SNP alleles ranged from 0.001 to 0.377 in autosomal SNPs. rs9951171 was found to be the most informative SNP in the studied population with the highest PD and lowest MP value. The cumulative MP of 90 SNPs was found to be 4.76698 × 10-37. Analysis of 34 Y-chromosome SNPs reveals 11 unique haplogroups in 54 male samples with R1a1 as the most frequent haplogroup found in 22.22% of samples. Interpopulation comparison by FST analysis, PCA plot, and STRUCTURE analysis showed genetic stratification of the studied population suggesting the utility of SNP markers present in the Precision ID Identity Panel for forensic demands of the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirak Ranjan Dash
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Eduardo Avila
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Soumya Ranjan Jena
- Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Kamlesh Kaitholia
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Radhika Agarwal
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Ankit Srivastava
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, Forensic Science Laboratory, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Scheidel W. Fitness and Power: The Contribution of Genetics to the History of Differential Reproduction. EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 19:14747049211066599. [PMID: 34918580 PMCID: PMC10303451 DOI: 10.1177/14747049211066599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Textual evidence from pre-modern societies supports the prediction that status differences among men translate to variance in reproductive success. In recent years, analysis of genetic data has opened up new ways of studying this relationship. By investigating cases that range over several millennia, these analyses repeatedly document the replacement of local men by newcomers and reveal instances of exceptional reproductive success of specific male lineages. These findings suggest that violent population transfers and conquests could generate considerable reproductive advantages for male dominants. At the same time, this does not always seem to have been the case. Moreover, it is difficult to link such outcomes to particular historical characters or events, or to identify status-biased reproductive inequalities within dominant groups. The proximate factors that mediated implied imbalances in reproductive success often remain unclear. A better understanding of the complex interplay between social power and genetic fitness will only arise from sustained transdisciplinary engagement.
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Badiye A, Kapoor N, Kumawat RK, Dixit S, Mishra A, Dixit A, Kathane P, Bag S, Thakre V, Kaitholia K, Srivastava A, Chaubey G, Shrivastava P. A study of genomic diversity in populations of Maharashtra, India, inferred from 20 autosomal STR markers. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:69. [PMID: 33622409 PMCID: PMC7903603 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05485-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was planned to evaluate the genetic diversity in the admixed and Teli (a Hindu caste) populations of Maharashtra, India using 20 autosomal Short Tandem Repeat (STR) genetic markers. We further investigated the genetic relatedness of the studied populations with other Indian populations. RESULTS The studied populations showed a wide range of observed heterozygosity viz. 0.690 to 0.918 for the admixed population and 0.696 to 0.942 for the Teli population. This might be due to the multi-directional gene flow. The admixed and Teli populations also showed a high degree polymorphism which ranged from 0.652 to 0.903 and 0.644 to 0.902, respectively. Their combined value of matching probability for all the studied loci was 4.29 × 10-25 and 5.01 × 10-24, respectively. The results of Neighbor-Joining tree and Principal Component Analysis showed that the studied populations clustered with the general populations of Jharkhand, UttarPradesh, Rajasthan and Central Indian States, as well as with the specific populations of Maharashtra (Konkanastha Brahmins) and Tamil Nadu (Kurmans). Overall, the obtained data showed a high degree of forensic efficacy and would be useful for forensic applications as well as genealogical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Badiye
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeti Kapoor
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - R K Kumawat
- DNA Division, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shivani Dixit
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P., 470001, India
| | - Aditi Mishra
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P., 470001, India
| | - Akansha Dixit
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P., 470001, India
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., 284128, India
| | - Prachi Kathane
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeshna Bag
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishnavi Thakre
- Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamlesh Kaitholia
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P., 470001, India
| | - Ankit Srivastava
- Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, U.P., 284128, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Dept of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pankaj Shrivastava
- DNA Fingerprinting Unit, State Forensic Science Laboratory, Sagar, M.P., 470001, India.
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