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Parthasarathi P, Moss HE. Review of evidence for treatments of acute non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:2267-2278. [PMID: 38778140 PMCID: PMC11306228 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review treatment modalities that have been studied in acute non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION). METHODS We performed a comprehensive literature search of English language publications in the last 5 years, with human species and NAION. Articles were reviewed to identify those that described original research on treatment of acute NAION. Study type, setting, duration, interventions, and results were extracted and articles were reviewed for biases and limitations. RESULTS We identified 22 kinds of treatment varying by compound and modality. These include topical, intravitreal, and systemic drugs as well as surgical approaches. Evidence for efficacy ranges from expert opinion to randomized control trials. CONCLUSIONS Although several treatments are utilized in practice, none of these have high quality evidence of efficacy to improve visual outcomes. Continued collaborative research is necessary to complete high quality studies in order identify effective therapies for this rare and blinding disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Parthasarathi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA.
| | - Heather E Moss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA
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2
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Luo S, Li P, Zhang A, Meng L, Huang L, Wu X, Cheng H, Tu H, Gong X. G-CSF improving combined whole brain radiotherapy and immunotherapy prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111705. [PMID: 38412673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic advantage of G-CSF to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in combination with immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastases (BMs). METHODS In this retrospective study, 117 patients (37 in G-CSF group and 80 in no G-CSF group) who underwent first-line WBRT combined with immunotherapy were enrolled. Their survival, intracranial response, BM-related symptoms and toxicity were evaluated. RESULTS The overall survival (OS) of patients in G-CSF group was significantly improved compared to patients no G-CSF group (median time: 14.8 vs 10.2 months; HR: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.38-0.97, p = 0.035). However, there were no significant differences in intracranial responses between the two groups (p > 0.05). The G-CSF group exhibited a significantly higher rate of relief from BM-related symptoms compared to the no G-CSF group (91.7 % vs 59.5 %, p = 0.037). Cox proportional hazards regression analyses indicated that after-treatment ALC > 0.9 × 10^9/L (HR 0.57, 95 % CI 0.32-0.99, p = 0.046) and Hb > 110 g/dL (HR 0.41, 95 % CI 0.24-0.71, p = 0.001) were significant potential factors associated with extended OS. The addition of G-CSF was well tolerated and effectively reduced the incidence of neutropenia (0 % vs 5.0 %, p = 0.17). CONCLUSION Integrating G-CSF with WBRT and immunotherapy as a first-line treatment for NSCLC-BMs has exhibited significant efficacy and favorable tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Litang Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Tu
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomei Gong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Budihardja BM, Anggraini E, Pratiwi RW, Nastiti AD, Nusanti S. Neuroprotective Strategies for Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2023; 37:328-339. [PMID: 37563973 PMCID: PMC10427903 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2022.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the second most common form of optic neuropathy. Most patients show no improvement over time. Until now, there is still no definitive therapy for NAION. The available literatures on the possible treatment of NAION are quite diverse and controversial. Neuroprotection strategies have been suggested as one of the potential treatments for NAION. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature on neuroprotective strategy for NAION. METHODS This report was written in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We performed a systematic literature search in Pubmed, Science Direct, Proquest, and Cochrane databases. Only neuroprotective agents that directly work in protecting neurons were included. The outcome of interest in this review is retinal ganglion cell density and apoptosis for animal studies and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness for human studies. RESULTS The systematic search identified 591 studies of which 24 met the eligibility criteria, including 21 animal studies and three human studies. Only a few of the studies evaluated the same treatments, showing how diverse neuroprotector treatments are currently being evaluated as NAION treatment. From 21 animal studies, 14 studies showed significantly higher retinal ganglion cell density (1.49- to 2.81-fold) with neuroprotective treatment compared to control group. Two of three human studies in this review had also found a beneficial effect of preserving retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in NAION patients. CONCLUSIONS This review suggests the potential of neuroprotection as a viable option in the quest for an effective treatment strategy for NAION. Further studies, particularly clinical studies, are necessary to establish its efficacy in NAION patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Marcia Budihardja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Erika Anggraini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Rianti Wulandari Pratiwi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Anya Dewi Nastiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia
| | - Syntia Nusanti
- Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta,
Indonesia
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals That Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Trigger a Novel Signaling Pathway (TAF9-P53-TRIAP1-CASP3) to Protect Retinal Ganglion Cells after Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158359. [PMID: 35955492 PMCID: PMC9368818 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve head (ONH) infarct can result in progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) protects the RGC after ON infarct. However, protective mechanisms of the GCSF after ONH infarct are complex and remain unclear. To investigate the complex mechanisms involved, the transcriptome profiles of the GCSF-treated retinas were examined using microarray technology. The retinal mRNA samples on days 3 and 7 post rat anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) were analyzed by microarray and bioinformatics analyses. GCSF treatment influenced 3101 genes and 3332 genes on days 3 and 7 post rAION, respectively. ONH infarct led to changes in 702 and 179 genes on days 3 and 7 post rAION, respectively. After cluster analysis, the levels of TATA box-binding protein (TBP)-associated factor were significantly reduced after ONH infarct, but these significantly increased after GCSF treatment. The network analysis revealed that TBP associated factor 9 (TAF9) can bind to P53 to induce TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) expression. To evaluate the function of TAF9 in RGC apoptosis, GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated rats were evaluated using retrograde labeling with FluoroGold assay, TUNEL assay, and Western blotting in an rAION model. The RGC densities in the GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated rAION group were 1.95-fold (central retina) and 1.75-fold (midperipheral retina) lower than that in the GCSF-treated rAION group (p < 0.05). The number of apoptotic RGC in the GCSF plus TAF9 siRNA-treated group was threefold higher than that in the GCSF-treated group (p < 0.05). Treatment with TAF9 siRNA significantly reduced GCSF-induced TP53 and TRIAP1 expression by 2.4-fold and 4.7-fold, respectively, in the rAION model. Overexpression of TAF9 significantly reduced apoptotic RGC and CASP3 levels, and induced TP53 and TRIAP1 expression in the rAION model. Therefore, we have demonstrated that GCSF modulated a new pathway, TAF9-P53-TRIAP1-CASP3, to control RGC death and survival after ON infarct.
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Chen Y, Xia Q, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. Regulations of Retinal Inflammation: Focusing on Müller Glia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898652. [PMID: 35573676 PMCID: PMC9091449 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal inflammation underlies multiple prevalent retinal diseases. While microglia are one of the most studied cell types regarding retinal inflammation, growing evidence shows that Müller glia play critical roles in the regulation of retinal inflammation. Müller glia express various receptors for cytokines and release cytokines to regulate inflammation. Müller glia are part of the blood-retinal barrier and interact with microglia in the inflammatory responses. The unique metabolic features of Müller glia in the retina makes them vital for retinal homeostasis maintenance, regulating retinal inflammation by lipid metabolism, purine metabolism, iron metabolism, trophic factors, and antioxidants. miRNAs in Müller glia regulate inflammatory responses via different mechanisms and potentially regulate retinal regeneration. Novel therapies are explored targeting Müller glia for inflammatory retinal diseases treatment. Here we review new findings regarding the roles of Müller glia in retinal inflammation and discuss the related novel therapies for retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghong Xia
- Operating Room of Anesthesia Surgery Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meixia Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sichuan University West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Laboratory of Macular Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Meixia Zhang,
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Kang EYC, Liu PK, Wen YT, Quinn PMJ, Levi SR, Wang NK, Tsai RK. Role of Oxidative Stress in Ocular Diseases Associated with Retinal Ganglion Cells Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1948. [PMID: 34943051 PMCID: PMC8750806 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular diseases associated with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible blindness worldwide. It is characterized by visual field defects and progressive optic nerve atrophy. The underlying pathophysiology and mechanisms of RGC degeneration in several ocular diseases remain largely unknown. RGCs are a population of central nervous system neurons, with their soma located in the retina and long axons that extend through the optic nerve to form distal terminals and connections in the brain. Because of this unique cytoarchitecture and highly compartmentalized energy demand, RGCs are highly mitochondrial-dependent for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Recently, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have been found to be the principal mechanisms in RGC degeneration as well as in other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we review the role of oxidative stress in several ocular diseases associated with RGC degenerations, including glaucoma, hereditary optic atrophy, inflammatory optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, traumatic optic neuropathy, and drug toxicity. We also review experimental approaches using cell and animal models for research on the underlying mechanisms of RGC degeneration. Lastly, we discuss the application of antioxidants as a potential future therapy for the ocular diseases associated with RGC degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Yu-Chuan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97403, Taiwan;
| | - Peter M. J. Quinn
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.M.J.Q.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Sarah R. Levi
- Jonas Children’s Vision Care, and Bernard and Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; (P.M.J.Q.); (S.R.L.)
| | - Nan-Kai Wang
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97403, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97403, Taiwan
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Ahmadi F, Salmasi Z, Mojarad M, Eslahi A, Tayarani-Najaran Z. G-CSF augments the neuroprotective effect of conditioned medium of dental pulp stem cells against hypoxic neural injury in SH-SY5Y cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:1743-1752. [PMID: 35432810 PMCID: PMC8976909 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.60217.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can differentiate into functional neurons and have the potential for cell therapy in neurological diseases. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein family shown neuroprotective effect in models of nerve damage. we evaluated the protective effects of G-CSF, conditioned media from DPSCs (DPSCs-CM) and conditioned media from transfected DPSCs with plasmid encoding G-CSF (DPSC-CMT) on SH-SY5Y exposed to CoCl2 as a model of hypoxia-induced neural damage. Materials and Methods: SH-SY5Y exposed to CoCl2 were treated with DPSCs-CM, G-CSF, simultaneous combination of DPSCs-CM and G-CSF and finally DPSC-CMT. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by resazurin (or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay alternatively) and propidium iodide (PI) staining. Western blot analysis was performed to detect changes in apoptotic protein levels. The interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 IL6/IL10 levels were measured with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: DPSCs-CM and G-CSF were able to significantly protect SH-SY5Y against neural cell damage caused by CoCl2 according to resazurin and LDH analysis. Also, the percentage of apoptotic cells decreased when SH-SY5Y were treated with DPSCs-CM and G-CSF simultaneously. After transfection of DPSCs with G-CSF plasmid, DPSC-CMT could significantly improve the protection. The amount of β-catenin, cleaved PARP and caspase-3 were significantly decreased and the expression of survivin was considerably increased when hypoxic SH-SY5Y treated with DPSCs-CM plus G-CSF according to Western blot. Decreased level of IL-6/IL-10, which exposed to CoCl2, after treatment with DPSCs-CM indicated the suppression of inflammatory mediators. Conclusion: Combination therapy of G-CSF and DPSCs-CM improved the protective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Ahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Eslahi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Zahra Tayarani-Najaran. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-51-31801178;
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Huang CT, Wen YT, Desai TD, Tsai RK. Intravitreal Injection of Long-Acting Pegylated Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Provides Neuroprotective Effects via Antioxidant Response in a Rat Model of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1934. [PMID: 34943037 PMCID: PMC8750325 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) may cause severe visual loss following direct or indirect head trauma which may result in optic nerve injuries and therefore contribute to the subsequent loss of retinal ganglion cells by inflammatory mediators and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) provides the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions but has a short half-life and also induces leukocytosis upon typical systemic administration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the anti-oxidative response and neuroprotective effects of long-acting pegylated human G-CSF (PEG-G-CSF) in a rat model of optic nerve crush (ONC). Adult male Wistar rats (150-180 g) were chosen to have a sham operation in one eye and have ONC in the other. PEG-G-CSF or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS control) was immediately administered after ONC by intravitreal injection (IVI). We found the IVI of PEG-G-CSF does not induce systemic leukocytosis, but increases survival of RGCs and preserves the visual function after ONC. TUNEL assays showed fewer apoptotic cells in the retina in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. The number of sorely ED1-positive cells was attenuated at the lesion site in the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Immunoblotting showed up-regulation of p-Akt1, Nrf2, Sirt3, and HO-1 in the ON of the PEG-G-CSF-treated eyes. Our results demonstrated that one IVI of long-acting PEG-G-CSF is neuroprotective in the rONC. PEG-G-CSF activates the p-Akt1/Nrf2/Sirt3 and the p-Akt1/Nrf2/HO-1 axes to provide the antioxidative action and further attenuated RGC apoptosis and neuroinflammation. This provides crucial preclinical information for the development of alternative therapy with IVI of PEG-G-CSF in TON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Te Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Tushar Dnyaneshwar Desai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (T.D.D.)
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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Chien JY, Lin SF, Chou YY, Huang CYF, Huang SP. Protective Effects of Oroxylin A on Retinal Ganglion Cells in Experimental Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060902. [PMID: 34204966 PMCID: PMC8226497 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is the most common cause of acute vision loss in older people, and there is no effective therapy. The effect of the systemic or local application of steroids for NAION patients remains controversial. Oroxylin A (OA) (5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Scutellariae baicalensis Georgi. with various beneficial effects, including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. A previous study showed that OA promotes retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival after optic nerve (ON) crush injury. The purpose of this research was to further explore the potential actions of OA in ischemic injury in an experimental anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) rat model induced by photothrombosis. Our results show that OA efficiently attenuated ischemic injury in rats by reducing optic disc edema, the apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, OA significantly ameliorated the pathologic changes of demyelination, modulated microglial polarization, and preserved visual function after rAION induction. OA activated nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2) signaling and its downstream antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in the retina. We demonstrated that OA activates Nrf2 signaling, protecting retinal ganglion cells from ischemic injury, in the rAION model and could potentially be used as a therapeutic approach in ischemic optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ying Chien
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Fang Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Yau Chou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.H.); (S.-P.H.); Tel.: +886-2-28267904 (C.-Y.F.H.); +886-3-8565301#2664 (S.-P.H.)
| | - Shun-Ping Huang
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 472, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-Y.F.H.); (S.-P.H.); Tel.: +886-2-28267904 (C.-Y.F.H.); +886-3-8565301#2664 (S.-P.H.)
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Wen YT, Ho YC, Lee YC, Ding DC, Liu PK, Tsai RK. The Benefits and Hazards of Intravitreal Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Based-Therapies in the Experimental Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042117. [PMID: 33672743 PMCID: PMC7924624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been investigated intensively for many years. However, there is a potential risk related to MSC applications in various cell niches. Methods: The safety of intravitreal MSC application and the efficacy of MSC-derived conditioned medium (MDCM) were evaluated in the normal eye and the diseased eye, respectively. For safety evaluation, the fundus morphology, visual function, retinal function, and histological changes of the retina were examined. For efficacy evaluation, the MDCM was intravitreally administrated in a rodent model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION). The visual function, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) density, and neuroinflammation were evaluated at day 28 post-optic nerve (ON) infarct. Results: The fundus imaging showed that MSC transplantation induced retinal distortion and venous congestion. The visual function, retinal function, and RGC density were significantly decreased in MSC-treated eyes. MSC transplantation induced astrogliosis, microgliosis, and macrophage infiltration in the retina due to an increase in the HLA-DR-positive MSC proportion in vitreous. Treatment with the MDCM preserved the visual function and RGC density in rAION via inhibition of macrophage infiltration and RGC apoptosis. Conclusions: The vitreous induced the HLA-DR expression in the MSCs to cause retinal inflammation and retina injury. However, the MDCM provided the neuroprotective effects in rAION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Tseng Wen
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Chieh Ho
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Yueh-Chang Lee
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Dah-Ching Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Kang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kung Tsai
- Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (Y.-C.H.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-8561-825 (ext. 2112)
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Neuroprotection through G-CSF: recent advances and future viewpoints. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:372-385. [PMID: 33389706 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a member of the cytokine family of hematopoietic growth factors, is 19.6 kDa glycoprotein which is responsible for the proliferation, maturation, differentiation, and survival of neutrophilic granulocyte lineage. Apart from its proven clinical application to treat chemotherapy-associated neutropenia, recent pre-clinical studies have highlighted the neuroprotective roles of G-CSF i.e., mobilization of haemopoietic stem cells, anti-apoptotic, neuronal differentiation, angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory in animal models of neurological disorders. G-CSF is expressed by numerous cell types including neuronal, immune and endothelial cells. G-CSF is released in autocrine manner and binds to its receptor G-CSF-R which further activates numerous signaling transduction pathways including PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and MAP kinase, and thereby promote neuronal survival, proliferation, differentiation, mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. The expression of G-CSF receptors (G-CSF-R) in the different brain regions and their upregulation in response to neuronal insult indicates the autocrine protective signaling mechanism of G-CSF by inhibition of apoptosis, inflammation, and stimulation of neurogenesis. These observed neuroprotective effects of G-CSF makes it an attractive target to mitigate neurodegeneration associated with neurological disorders. The objective of the review is to highlight and summarize recent updates on G-CSF as a therapeutically versatile neuroprotective agent along with mechanisms of action as well as possible clinical applications in neurodegenerative disorders including AD, PD and HD.
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