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Higashi AY, Saito AC, Higashi T, Furuse K, Furuse M, Chiba H, Kazama JJ. Bicellular Localization of Tricellular Junctional Protein Angulin-3/ILDR2 Allows Detection of Podocyte Injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:673-683. [PMID: 38311119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Podocytes serve as part of the renal filtration unit with slit diaphragms. Although the structure of slit diaphragms between two cells is well characterized, how the tricellular contact of podocytes is organized and how it changes in injured podocytes remains unknown. This study focused on a tricellular junction protein, angulin-3, and its localization in healthy podocytes, in developmental stages, and in pathologic conditions, using a newly established monoclonal antibody. Angulin-3 was confined at tricellular junctions of primordial podocytes, then transiently localized at bicellular junctions as foot process interdigitation developed and the intercellular junctions rearranged into slit diaphragm, and eventually distributed in a sparse punctate pattern on the foot processes of adult podocytes. In the rodent podocyte injury models, angulin-3 showed bicellular localization between the foot processes, and the localization turned from punctate to dashed linear pattern along the effaced foot processes with the progression of podocyte injury. Angulin-3 also accumulated between foot processes in a linear pattern in kidney biopsy samples of human nephrotic syndrome. Additionally, the line length of angulin-3 staining signal correlated with risk of relapse under glucocorticoid therapy in patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome. This study proposes an image program to score the linearity of the accumulation pattern of angulin-3 to evaluate the relapse risk of patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Y Higashi
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Akira C Saito
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Chiba
- Department of Basic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junichiro J Kazama
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Hempstock W, Nagata N, Ishizuka N, Hayashi H. The effect of claudin-15 deletion on cationic selectivity and transport in paracellular pathways of the cecum and large intestine. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6799. [PMID: 37100833 PMCID: PMC10133298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The large intestine plays a pivotal role in water and electrolyte balance. Paracellular transport may play a role in ion transport mechanisms in the cecum and large intestine; however, these molecular mechanisms and their physiological roles have not been fully studied. Claudin-15 forms a cation channel in tight junctions in the small intestine, but its role in the cecum and large intestine has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore the physiological role of claudin-15 in the cecum and large intestine using claudin-15 (Cldn15) KO mice. Electrical conductance, short-circuit current, Na+ flux, and dilution potential were assessed in isolated tissue preparations mounted in Ussing chambers. The induced short-circuit current of short-chain fatty acids, which are fermentative products in the intestinal tract, was also measured. Compared to wild type mice, the electrical conductance and paracellular Na+ flux was decreased in the cecum, but not the middle large intestine, while in both the cecum and the middle large intestine, paracellular Na+ permeability was decreased in Cldn15 KO mice. These results suggest that claudin-15 is responsible for Na+ permeability in the tight junctions of the cecum and large intestine and decreased Na+ permeability in the cecum may cause impaired absorption function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Hempstock
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nozomi Nagata
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Hayashi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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Horowitz A, Chanez-Paredes SD, Haest X, Turner JR. Paracellular permeability and tight junction regulation in gut health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3. [PMID: 37186118 PMCID: PMC10127193 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial tight junctions define the paracellular permeability of the intestinal barrier. Molecules can cross the tight junctions via two distinct size-selective and charge-selective paracellular pathways: the pore pathway and the leak pathway. These can be distinguished by their selectivities and differential regulation by immune cells. However, permeability increases measured in most studies are secondary to epithelial damage, which allows non-selective flux via the unrestricted pathway. Restoration of increased unrestricted pathway permeability requires mucosal healing. By contrast, tight junction barrier loss can be reversed by targeted interventions. Specific approaches are needed to restore pore pathway or leak pathway permeability increases. Recent studies have used preclinical disease models to demonstrate the potential of pore pathway or leak pathway barrier restoration in disease. In this Review, we focus on the two paracellular flux pathways that are dependent on the tight junction. We discuss the latest evidence that highlights tight junction components, structures and regulatory mechanisms, their impact on gut health and disease, and opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Horowitz
- UNIROUEN, INSERM U1245, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xenia Haest
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang L, Zhai R, Song G, Wang Y. Analyses of the expression and prognosis of ILDR1 in human gastric cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10253. [PMID: 36091962 PMCID: PMC9450077 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide mortality rate of gastric cancer worldwide remains high. Immunoglobulin-like domain containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) belongs to an evolutionarily conserved protein family, and little is known about this gene in gastric cancer. In this paper, we analyzed the expression of ILDR1 and its relationship with clinical outcomes in gastric cancer using publicly available databases. ONCOMINE, GEPIA2, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA and LinkedOmics databases were used to analyze the expression, prognostic values, mutations and functional networks of ILDR1 in gastric cancer. We observed that ILDR1 was overexpressed in gastric cancer than in normal tissues. ILDR1 expression was significantly higher in patients with gastric cancer than in normal controls during subgroup analysis based on cancer stage, patient’s race, sex, age, tumor grade, H. pylori infection, histological subtype, and nodal metastasis status. Survival analysis showed that upregulation of ILDR1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognosis. Genomic alterations in ILDR1 were analyzed using cBioPortal, protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using GeneMANIA and the co-expressed genes, gene ontology, and pathways of ILDR1 were determined using the LinkedOmics web tool. ILDR1 showed significant differences in expression between gastric cancer and normal tissues and, thus, may be a promising prognostic biomarker for gastric cancer.
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ILDR1 promotes influenza A virus replication through binding to PLSCR1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8515. [PMID: 35595813 PMCID: PMC9122930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural antiviral regulator, phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) has been shown to inhibit influenza virus replication in infected cells through interacting with NP of influenza A virus (IAV). But its antiviral function as well as the underlying regulatory mechanism has not been examined in vivo. In the present work, we show that PLSCR1 expression is decreased in H1N1 SIV-infected mice, and Plscr1−/− mice are more susceptible to H1N1 SIV infection. By performing yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified immunoglobulin-like domain-containing receptor 1 (ILDR1) as a novel PLSCR1-binding partner. ILDR1 is highly expressed in the lungs, and its expression level is increased after virus infection. Interestingly, ILDR1 could not directly interact with virus NP protein, but could combine with PLSCR1 competitively. Our data indicates that there is a previously unidentified PLSCR1-ILDR1-NP regulatory pathway playing a vital role in limiting IAV infection, which provides novel insights into IAV-host interactions.
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Sugawara T, Furuse K, Otani T, Wakayama T, Furuse M. Angulin-1 seals tricellular contacts independently of tricellulin and claudins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202005062. [PMID: 34269802 PMCID: PMC8289698 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202005062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tricellular tight junctions (tTJs) are specialized tight junctions (TJs) that seal the intercellular space at tricellular contacts (TCs), where the vertices of three epithelial cells meet. Tricellulin and angulin family membrane proteins are known constituents of tTJs, but the molecular mechanism of tTJ formation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the roles of angulin-1 and tricellulin in tTJ formation in MDCK II cells by genome editing. Angulin-1-deficient cells lost the plasma membrane contact at TCs with impaired epithelial barrier function. The C terminus of angulin-1 bound to the TJ scaffold protein ZO-1, and disruption of their interaction influenced the localization of claudins at TCs, but not the tricellular sealing. Strikingly, the plasma membrane contact at TCs was formed in tricellulin- or claudin-deficient cells. These findings demonstrate that angulin-1 is responsible for the plasma membrane seal at TCs independently of tricellulin and claudins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Sugawara
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kyoko Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Otani
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
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Ayala-Torres C, Krug SM, Rosenthal R, Fromm M. Angulin-1 (LSR) Affects Paracellular Water Transport, However Only in Tight Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157827. [PMID: 34360593 PMCID: PMC8346120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Water transport in epithelia occurs transcellularly (aquaporins) and paracellularly (claudin-2, claudin-15). Recently, we showed that downregulated tricellulin, a protein of the tricellular tight junction (tTJ, the site where three epithelial cells meet), increased transepithelial water flux. We now check the hypothesis that another tTJ-associated protein, angulin-1 (alias lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor, LSR) is a direct negative actuator of tTJ water permeability depending on the tightness of the epithelium. For this, a tight and an intermediate-tight epithelial cell line, MDCK C7 and HT-29/B6, were stably transfected with CRISPR/Cas9 and single-guide RNA targeting angulin-1 and morphologically and functionally characterized. Water flux induced by an osmotic gradient using 4-kDa dextran caused water flux to increase in angulin-1 KO clones in MDCK C7 cells, but not in HT-29/B6 cells. In addition, we found that water permeability in HT-29/B6 cells was not modified after either angulin-1 knockout or tricellulin knockdown, which may be related to the presence of other pathways, which reduce the impact of the tTJ pathway. In conclusion, modulation of the tTJ by knockout or knockdown of tTJ proteins affects ion and macromolecule permeability in tight and intermediate-tight epithelial cell lines, while the transepithelial water permeability was affected only in tight cell lines.
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