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Al-Abri N, Al-Raqami S, Al-Hashemi M, Al-Shidi R, Al-Khatri S, Ray RV. Impact of Initial Population Density of the Dubas Bug, Ommatissus lybicus (Hemiptera: Tropiduchidae), on Oviposition Behaviour, Chlorophyll, Biomass and Nutritional Response of Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera). INSECTS 2022; 14:12. [PMID: 36661941 PMCID: PMC9866723 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Dubas bug (Ommatissus lybicus) is an economically significant pest of date palms. In this study, the effect of the population density of O. lybicus on chlorophyll, measured by the soil plant analysis development (SPAD) chlorophyll meter, palm biomass, and the nutritional composition of date palms, were investigated. A further objective was to determine significant relationships between the population density of O. lybicus, the number of honeydew droplets, and oviposited eggs. Reductions of up to 8-11% and 29-34% in chlorophyll content and plant biomass, respectively, were caused by infestations exceeding 300 nymphs per palm seedling. Increasing the population density of O. lybicus to 600 insects per palm decreased oviposition by females, suggesting intraspecific competition for resources. There was a significant relationship between honeydew droplets produced by the pest population and chlorophyll content in the rachis, suggesting that treatment can be triggered at 3-6 nymphs/leaflet. Egg oviposition was preferentially on the rachis. Ca, Mg, K, and P were the main nutrients affected by the activity of the pest. Mg content was associated with reduced chlorophyll content under increasing pest density, suggesting that supplemental nutrition can be potentially utilized to sustain chlorophyll and increase palm tolerance to pest infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Al-Abri
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Suad Al-Raqami
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Maryam Al-Hashemi
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Rashid Al-Shidi
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Salim Al-Khatri
- Directorate General of Agriculture and Livestock Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries Wealth & Water Resources, Muscat P.O. Box 50, Oman
| | - Rumiana V. Ray
- Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
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Parmagnani AS, Maffei ME. Calcium Signaling in Plant-Insect Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2689. [PMID: 36297718 PMCID: PMC9609891 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plant-insect interactions, calcium (Ca2+) variations are among the earliest events associated with the plant perception of biotic stress. Upon herbivory, Ca2+ waves travel long distances to transmit and convert the local signal to a systemic defense program. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca2+ and electrical signaling are interlinked to form a network supporting rapid signal transmission, whereas the Ca2+ message is decoded and relayed by Ca2+-binding proteins (including calmodulin, Ca2+-dependent protein kinases, annexins and calcineurin B-like proteins). Monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long-distance propagation during biotic interactions requires innovative imaging techniques based on sensitive sensors and using genetically encoded indicators. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ca2+ signaling upon herbivory and reviews the most recent Ca2+ imaging techniques and methods.
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