1
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Chen S, Zhuang H, Deng X, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang C, Chen X, Hong Z, Qiu C. USP6 and circCYFIP2 target oncoprotein GOLPH3 for deubiquitination and induce platinum resistance in colon cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116274. [PMID: 38735445 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
GOLPH3 has been identified as an oncoprotein, playing a crucial role on progression and chemoresistancein of colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). However, it is still unclear the regulation of GOLPH3 expression at protein level. We discovered ubiquitin-specific proteases 6 (USP6) directly regulated the deubiquitination of the GOLPH3 protein and enhanced its stability in COAD. Overexpression of USP6 promoted COAD cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and accelerated the growth of transplanted tumors growth in vitro and in vivo by deubiquitinating GOLPH3. Additionally, circCYFIP2 showed high expression levels in DDP-resistant colon cancer cells, promoting the cell proliferation. Mechanically, circCYFIP2 binds to both GOLPH3 protein and USP6, strengthening the interaction between GOLPH3 and USP6, and consequently induced DDP resistance in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, USP6 operates as a deubiquitinase, targeting the GOLPH3 protein in COAD and enhancing its stability. Meanwhile, circCYFIP2 is crucial for the deubiquitination of GOLPH3 protein mediated by USP6 and acts as a scaffold to confer platinum resistance. The discovery of circCYFIP2/USP6/GOLPH3 pathway offers a potential target for overcoming chemoresistance in COAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Haibin Zhuang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xian Deng
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yuze Wu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhongshi Hong
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Chengzhi Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China.
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2
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Liu M, Jiang H, Momeni MR. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy by non-coding RNAs and exosomal non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer: A narrative review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132732. [PMID: 38823748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
One of the major diseases affecting people globally is colorectal cancer (CRC), which is primarily caused by a lack of effective medical treatment and a limited understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Cellular autophagy functions to break down and eliminate superfluous proteins and substances, thereby facilitating the continual replacement of cellular elements and generating vital energy for cell processes. Non-coding RNAs and exosomal ncRNAs have a crucial impact on regulating gene expression and essential cellular functions such as autophagy, metastasis, and treatment resistance. The latest research has indicated that specific ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNA to influence the process of autophagy in CRC cells, which could have significant consequences for the advancement and treatment of this disease. It has been determined that a variety of ncRNAs have a vital function in regulating the genes essential for the formation and maturation of autophagosomes. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that ncRNAs have a considerable influence on the signaling pathways associated with autophagy, such as those involving AMPK, AKT, and mTOR. Additionally, numerous ncRNAs have the potential to affect specific genes involved in autophagy. This study delves into the control mechanisms of ncRNAs and exosomal ncRNAs and examines how they simultaneously influence autophagy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongfang Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Momeni
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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3
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Zobaroğlu-Özer P, Bora-Akoğlu G. Split but merge: Golgi fragmentation in physiological and pathological conditions. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:214. [PMID: 38280063 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09153-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The Golgi complex is a highly dynamic and tightly regulated cellular organelle with essential roles in the processing as well as the sorting of proteins and lipids. Its structure undergoes rapid disassembly and reassembly during normal physiological processes, including cell division, migration, polarization, differentiation, and cell death. Golgi dispersal or fragmentation also occurs in pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, congenital disorders of glycosylation diseases, and cancer. In this review, current knowledge about both structural organization and morphological alterations in the Golgi in physiological and pathological conditions is summarized together with the methodologies that help to reveal its structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Zobaroğlu-Özer
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Gamze Bora-Akoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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4
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Tuncer SB, Celik B, Kılıc Erciyas S, Sukruoglu Erdogan O, Pasin O, Avsar M, Kurt Gultaslar B, Adamnejad Ghafour A, Uyaroglu G, Akdeniz Odemis D, Yazıcı H. Aberrant miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression in the peripheral blood samples of BRCA1/2 (±) ovarian cancer patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23876. [PMID: 38234891 PMCID: PMC10792459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the eighth most prevalent malignancy among women globally. The short non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) target multiple mRNAs and regulate the gene expression. Here in this study, we aimed to validate miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p as novel biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic factor OC. After RNA isolation, we analyzed the miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression in peripheral blood samples derived from 150 OC patients. Subsequently, we compared their expression levels with 100 healthy controls. The differences of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression were detected using the Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) technique following miRNA-specific cDNA synthesis pursing miRNA separation. The miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p were higher in OC patients who tested positive for BRCA1/2 compared to BRCA-negative patients, and healthy cases. The level of miR-3135b demonstrated a roughly 4.82-fold increase in OC patients in comparison to the healthy cases, while miR-1273g-3p expression exhibited a roughly 6.77-fold increase. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has demonstrated the potential of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p as markers for distinguishing between OC patients and healthy controls. The higher expressions of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p could be associated with OC development. Moreover, miR-3135b may have a diagnostic potential and miR-1273g-3p may have both diagnostic and prognostic potential in OC cell differentiation. The string analysis has revealed an association between miR-1273g-3p and the MDM2 gene, suggesting a potential link to tumor formation through the proteasomal degradation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Additionally, the analysis indicates an association of miR-1273g-3p with CHEK1, a gene involved in checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest. String analysis also indicates that miR-3135b is associated with the MAPK1 gene, causing activation of the oncogenesis cascade. In conclusion, miR-1273g-3p, and miR-3135b exhibit significant potential as diagnostic markers. However, further research is needed to comprehensively investigate these miRNAs diagnostic and predictive characteristics in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Betul Celik
- Molecular Biology Department, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Seda Kılıc Erciyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Pasin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mukaddes Avsar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kurt Gultaslar
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Gamze Uyaroglu
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Yazıcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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5
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Qiao L, Sinha S, Abd El-Hafeez AA, Lo IC, Midde KK, Ngo T, Aznar N, Lopez-Sanchez I, Gupta V, Farquhar MG, Rangamani P, Ghosh P. A circuit for secretion-coupled cellular autonomy in multicellular eukaryotic cells. Mol Syst Biol 2023; 19:e11127. [PMID: 36856068 PMCID: PMC10090951 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancers represent complex autonomous systems, displaying self-sufficiency in growth signaling. Autonomous growth is fueled by a cancer cell's ability to "secrete-and-sense" growth factors (GFs): a poorly understood phenomenon. Using an integrated computational and experimental approach, here we dissect the impact of a feedback-coupled GTPase circuit within the secretory pathway that imparts secretion-coupled autonomy. The circuit is assembled when the Ras-superfamily monomeric GTPase Arf1, and the heterotrimeric GTPase Giαβγ and their corresponding GAPs and GEFs are coupled by GIV/Girdin, a protein that is known to fuel aggressive traits in diverse cancers. One forward and two key negative feedback loops within the circuit create closed-loop control, allow the two GTPases to coregulate each other, and convert the expected switch-like behavior of Arf1-dependent secretion into an unexpected dose-response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion. Such behavior translates into cell survival that is self-sustained by stimulus-proportionate secretion. Proteomic studies and protein-protein interaction network analyses pinpoint GFs (e.g., the epidermal GF) as key stimuli for such self-sustenance. Findings highlight how the enhanced coupling of two biological switches in cancer cells is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Qiao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Ngo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marilyn G Farquhar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Nalavade R, Singh M. Intracellular Compartmentalization: A Key Determinant of MicroRNA Functions. Microrna 2023; 12:114-130. [PMID: 37638608 DOI: 10.2174/2211536612666230330184006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Being an integral part of the eukaryotic transcriptome, miRNAs are regarded as vital regulators of diverse developmental and physiological processes. Clearly, miRNA activity is kept in check by various regulatory mechanisms that control their biogenesis and decay pathways. With the increasing technical depth of RNA profiling technologies, novel insights have unravelled the spatial diversity exhibited by miRNAs inside a cell. Compartmentalization of miRNAs adds complexity to the regulatory circuits of miRNA expression, thereby providing superior control over the miRNA function. This review provides a bird's eye view of miRNAs expressed in different subcellular locations, thus affecting the gene regulatory pathways therein. Occurrence of miRNAs in diverse intracellular locales also reveals various unconventional roles played by miRNAs in different cellular organelles and expands the scope of miRNA functions beyond their traditionally known repressive activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Nalavade
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohini Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
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7
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Mohammadi E, Aliarab A, Babaei G, Habibi NK, Jafari SM, Mir SM, Memar MY. MicroRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Application in prognosis, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 240:154196. [PMID: 36356334 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in various cell biology processes, including cancer formation. These small non-coding RNAs could function as diagnostic and prognostic markers. They may involve esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and distinctive miRNA expression profiles; they are also known as therapeutic targets in human diseases. Therefore, in this study, the function of miRNAs was reviewed regarding the prognosis and diagnosis of ESCC. The changes in miRNAs before and after cancer therapy and the effects of miRNAs on chemo-susceptibility patterns were also investigated. MiRNA delivery systems in ESCC were also highlighted, providing a perspective on how these systems can improve miRNA efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Mohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
| | - Azadeh Aliarab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghader Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Nasim Kouhi Habibi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Jafari
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mostafa Mir
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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8
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Giansanti MG, Piergentili R. Linking GOLPH3 and Extracellular Vesicles Content-a Potential New Route in Cancer Physiopathology and a Promising Therapeutic Target is in Sight? Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221135724. [PMID: 36320176 PMCID: PMC9630892 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221135724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3), a highly conserved phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate effector, is required for maintenance of Golgi architecture, vesicle trafficking, and Golgi glycosylation. GOLPH3 overexpression has been reported in several human solid cancers, including glioblastoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, epithelial ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastric cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanisms that link GOLPH3 to tumorigenesis require further investigation, it is likely that GOLPH3 may act by controlling the intracellular movement of key oncogenic molecules, between the Golgi compartments and/or between the Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum. Indeed, numerous evidence indicates that deregulation of intracellular vesicle trafficking contributes to several aspects of cancer phenotypes. However, a direct and clear link between extracellular vesicle movements and GOLPH3 is still missing. In the past years several lines of evidence have implicated GOLPH3 in the regulation of extracellular vesicle content. Specifically, a new role for GOLPH3 has emerged in controlling the internalization of exosomes containing either oncogenic proteins or noncoding RNAs, especially micro-RNA. Although far from being elucidated, growing evidence indicates that GOLPH3 does not increase quantitatively the excretion of exosomes, but rather regulates the exosome content. In particular, recent data support a role for GOLPH3 for loading specific oncogenic molecules into the exosomes, driving both tumor malignancy and metastasis formation. Additionally, the older literature indirectly implicates GOLPH3 in cancerogenesis through its function in controlling hepatitis C virus secretion, which in turn is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma formation. Thus, GOLPH3 might promote tumorigenesis in unexpected ways, involving both direct and indirect routes. If these data are further confirmed, the spectrum of action of GOLPH3 in tumor formation will significantly expand, indicating this protein as a strong candidate for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Piergentili
- Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR
(CNR-IBPM), Roma, Italy,Roberto Piergentili, Istituto di Biologia e
Patologia Molecolari del CNR (CNR-IBPM), Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma,
Italy.
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9
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Choi W, Kang S, Kim J. New insights into the role of the Golgi apparatus in the pathogenesis and therapeutics of human diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:671-692. [PMID: 36178581 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is an essential cellular organelle that mediates homeostatic functions, including vesicle trafficking and the post-translational modification of macromolecules. Its unique stacked structure and dynamic functions are tightly regulated, and several Golgi proteins play key roles in the functioning of unconventional protein secretory pathways triggered by cellular stress responses. Recently, an increasing number of studies have implicated defects in Golgi functioning in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, and immunological disorders. Understanding the extraordinary characteristics of Golgi proteins is important for elucidating its associated intracellular signaling mechanisms and has important ramifications for human health. Therefore, analyzing the mechanisms by which the Golgi participates in disease pathogenesis may be useful for developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review articulates the structural features and abnormalities of the Golgi apparatus reported in various diseases and the suspected mechanisms underlying the Golgi-associated pathologies. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic strategies based on Golgi function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea
| | - Shinwon Kang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jiyoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Korea.
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10
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The Golgi complex: An organelle that determines urothelial cell biology in health and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:229-240. [PMID: 35773494 PMCID: PMC9399047 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi complex undergoes considerable structural remodeling during differentiation of urothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. It is known that in a healthy bladder the differentiation from the basal to the superficial cell layer leads to the formation of the tightest barrier in our body, i.e., the blood–urine barrier. In this process, urothelial cells start expressing tight junctional proteins, apical membrane lipids, surface glycans, and integral membrane proteins, the uroplakins (UPs). The latter are the most abundant membrane proteins in the apical plasma membrane of differentiated superficial urothelial cells (UCs) and, in addition to well-developed tight junctions, contribute to the permeability barrier by their structural organization and by hindering endocytosis from the apical plasma membrane. By studying the transport of UPs, we were able to demonstrate their differentiation-dependent effect on the Golgi architecture. Although fragmentation of the Golgi complex is known to be associated with mitosis and apoptosis, we found that the process of Golgi fragmentation is required for delivery of certain specific urothelial differentiation cargoes to the plasma membrane as well as for cell–cell communication. In this review, we will discuss the currently known contribution of the Golgi complex to the formation of the blood–urine barrier in normal UCs and how it may be involved in the loss of the blood–urine barrier in cancer. Some open questions related to the Golgi complex in the urothelium will be highlighted.
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11
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Rojas-Pirela M, Andrade-Alviárez D, Medina L, Castillo C, Liempi A, Guerrero-Muñoz J, Ortega Y, Maya JD, Rojas V, Quiñones W, Michels PA, Kemmerling U. MicroRNAs: master regulators in host-parasitic protist interactions. Open Biol 2022; 12:210395. [PMID: 35702995 PMCID: PMC9198802 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs present in a wide diversity of organisms. MiRNAs regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level through their interaction with the 3' untranslated regions of target mRNAs, inducing translational inhibition or mRNA destabilization and degradation. Thus, miRNAs regulate key biological processes, such as cell death, signal transduction, development, cellular proliferation and differentiation. The dysregulation of miRNAs biogenesis and function is related to the pathogenesis of diseases, including parasite infection. Moreover, during host-parasite interactions, parasites and host miRNAs determine the probability of infection and progression of the disease. The present review is focused on the possible role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of diseases of clinical interest caused by parasitic protists. In addition, the potential role of miRNAs as targets for the design of drugs and diagnostic and prognostic markers of parasitic diseases is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Diego Andrade-Alviárez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Lisvaneth Medina
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Christian Castillo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Núcleo de Investigación Aplicada en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronomía, Universidad de Las Américas, Chile
| | - Ana Liempi
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Jesús Guerrero-Muñoz
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Yessica Ortega
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile,Facultad de Farmacia y Bioanálisis, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Juan Diego Maya
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
| | - Verónica Rojas
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Wilfredo Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela
| | - Paul A. Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
| | - Ulrike Kemmerling
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile 8380453, Chile
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12
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Chao HM, Wang TW, Chern E, Hsu SH. Regulatory RNAs, microRNA, long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:748-764. [PMID: 35582099 PMCID: PMC9048531 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as self-renewal, drug resistance, and metastasis, have been indicated to be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with colon cancers. The epigenetic regulatory network plays a crucial role in CSC properties. Regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have an important influence on cell physiopathology. They modulate cells by regulating gene expression in different ways. This review discusses the basic characteristics and the physiological functions of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. Elucidation of these ncRNAs will help us understand the pathological mechanism of CRC progression, and they could become a new target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Chao
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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13
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Bui S, Mejia I, Díaz B, Wang Y. Adaptation of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:806482. [PMID: 34957124 PMCID: PMC8703019 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.806482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays a central role in normal cell physiology by promoting cell survival, facilitating proliferation, and enabling cell-cell communication and migration. These roles are partially mediated by well-known Golgi functions, including post-translational modifications, lipid biosynthesis, intracellular trafficking, and protein secretion. In addition, accumulating evidence indicates that the Golgi plays a critical role in sensing and integrating external and internal cues to promote cellular homeostasis. Indeed, the unique structure of the mammalian Golgi can be fine-tuned to adapt different Golgi functions to specific cellular needs. This is particularly relevant in the context of cancer, where unrestrained proliferation and aberrant survival and migration increase the demands in Golgi functions, as well as the need for Golgi-dependent sensing and adaptation to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Here, we review and discuss current understanding of how the structure and function of the Golgi apparatus is influenced by oncogenic transformation, and how this adaptation may facilitate cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bui
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Isabel Mejia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
| | - Begoña Díaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Hematology and Oncology, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yanzhuang Wang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Neurology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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OM-MSCs Alleviate the Golgi Apparatus Stress Response following Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the PEDF-PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4805040. [PMID: 34815829 PMCID: PMC8606042 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4805040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of Golgi apparatus (GA) stress responses mediated by GOLPH3 has been widely studied in ischemic stroke, and the neuroprotection effect of olfactory mucosa mesenchymal stem cells (OM-MSCs) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been preliminarily presented. However, the exact role of OM-MSCs in the GA stress response following cerebral IRI remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we used an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model and reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model to simulate cerebral IRI in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that the level of GOLPH3 protein, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ was upregulated, SPCA1 level was downregulated, and GA fragmentation was increased in ischemic stroke models, and OM-MSC treatment clearly ameliorated these GA stress responses in vitro and in vivo. Subsequently, the knockdown of PEDF in OM-MSCs using PEDF-specific siRNA further demonstrated that secretion of PEDF in OM-MSCs protected OGD/R-treated N2a cells and MCAO rats from GA stress response. Additionally, rescue experiment using specific pathway inhibitors suggested that OM-MSCs could promote the phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby mitigating OGD/R-induced GA stress response and excessive autophagy. In conclusion, OM-MSCs minimized the GA stress response following cerebral IRI, at least partially, through the PEDF-PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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15
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Wang Y, Cui X, Ma S, Zhang H. Decreased expression of miR-3135b reduces sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer by direct repression of PIM1. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1151. [PMID: 34504596 PMCID: PMC8392875 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy is the conventional treatment approach for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, de novo and acquired resistance to 5-FU are frequently observed during treatment, which eventually lead to patients succumbing to the disease. Accumulating data have revealed an association of CRC resistance to 5-FU with aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRs). In the present study, Cell Counting Kit-8 was performed to measure cell viability, flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was conducted to measure proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus 1 (PIM1) and miR-3135b expression, western blotting was conducted to measure PIM1 expression. Microarray data analysis indicated that the level of miR-3135b expression was decreased in patients with recurrent CRC that were treated with 5-FU when compared with non-recurrent cases. Overexpression of miR-3135b increased the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU treatment. Moreover, PIM1 was identified as a target gene of miR-3135b using bioinformatics analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The direct interaction between these two targets was confirmed by luciferase reporter assays. Notably, PIM1 overexpression compensated the effect of miR-3135b in CRC cells. Furthermore, an inverse correlation between PIM1 mRNA expression levels and miR-3135b expression was observed in clinical samples. Therefore, the present study identified miR-3135b as a novel regulator of 5-FU sensitivity in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Science Research Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Ma
- Endoscopic Center, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Haishan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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16
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Managò S, Tramontano C, Delle Cave D, Chianese G, Zito G, De Stefano L, Terracciano M, Lonardo E, De Luca AC, Rea I. SERS Quantification of Galunisertib Delivery in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Plasmonic-Assisted Diatomite Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101711. [PMID: 34302422 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The small molecule Galunisertib (LY2157299, LY) shows multiple anticancer activities blocking the transforming growth factor-β1 receptor, responsible for the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by which colorectal cancer (CRC) cells acquire migratory and metastatic capacities. However, frequent dosing of LY can produce highly toxic metabolites. Alternative strategies to reduce drug side effects can rely on nanoscale drug delivery systems that have led to a medical revolution in the treatment of cancer, improving drug efficacy and lowering drug toxicity. Here, a hybrid nanosystem (DNP-AuNPs-LY@Gel) made of a porous diatomite nanoparticle decorated with plasmonic gold nanoparticles, in which LY is retained by a gelatin shell, is proposed. The multifunctional capability of the nanosystem is demonstrated by investigating the efficient LY delivery, the enhanced EMT reversion in CRCs and the intracellular quantification of drug release with a sub-femtogram resolution by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The LY release trigger is the pH sensitivity of the gelatin shell to the CRC acidic microenvironment. The drug release is real-time monitored at single-cell level by analyzing the SERS signals of LY in CRC cells. The higher efficiency of LY delivered by the DNP-AuNPs-LY@Gel complex paves the way to an alternative strategy for lowering drug dosing and consequent side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Managò
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Chiara Tramontano
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Donatella Delle Cave
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chianese
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zito
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Luca De Stefano
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Monica Terracciano
- University of Naples Federico II, Department of Pharmacy, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Enza Lonardo
- National Research Council, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rea
- National Research Council, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, Unit of Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
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17
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Deng X, Zuo M, Pei Z, Xie Y, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Jiang M, Kuang D. MicroRNA-455-5p Contributes to Cholangiocarcinoma Growth and Mediates Galangin's Anti-Tumor Effects. J Cancer 2021; 12:4710-4721. [PMID: 34149934 PMCID: PMC8210562 DOI: 10.7150/jca.58873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully understanding the mechanism of how Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development and discovering promising therapeutic drugs are important to improve patients' survival time. This study identifies that microRNA-455-5p (miR-455-5p) targets protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A (PPP1R12A), an effect that represses mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT pathway activation, thereby controlling CCA cells survival and metastasis. Moreover, miR-455-5p expression is reduced in CCA tissues and negative correlation with PPP1R12A and PPP1R12A knockdown phenotypic mimics miR-455-5p' effects on CCA cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that galangin inhibits CCA growth both in vitro and in vivo, which is associated with increased miR-455-5p and repressed PPP1R12A expression. In support, overexpression of miR-455-5p abrogates those galangin-mediated anti-CCA effects. These findings establish an essential role of miR-455-5p in CCA development and galangin may provide a potential therapeutic adjuvant agent for anti-CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiling Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhifang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuanlin Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhongbao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minna Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dabin Kuang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Changsha Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Abstract
Mechanistic (or mammalian) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a major signalling kinase in cells that regulates proliferation and metabolism and is controlled by extrinsic and intrinsic signals. The lysosome has received considerable attention as a major hub of mTORC1 activation. However, mTOR has also been located to a variety of other intracellular sites, indicating the possibility of spatial regulation of mTORC1 signalling within cells. In particular, there have been numerous recent reports of mTORC1 activation associated with the Golgi apparatus. Here, we review the evidence for the regulation of mTORC1 signalling at the Golgi in mammalian cells. mTORC1 signalling is closely linked to the morphology of the Golgi architecture; a number of Golgi membrane tethers/scaffolds that influence Golgi architecture in mammalian cells that directly or indirectly regulate mTORC1 activation have been identified. Perturbation of the Golgi mTORC1 pathway arising from fragmentation of the Golgi has been shown to promote oncogenesis. Here, we highlight the potential mechanisms for the activation mTORC1 at the Golgi, which is emerging as a major site for mTORC1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Makhoul
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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19
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Chen L, He M, Zhang M, Sun Q, Zeng S, Zhao H, Yang H, Liu M, Ren S, Meng X, Xu H. The Role of non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer, with a focus on its autophagy. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107868. [PMID: 33901505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of malignant afflictions burdening people worldwide, mainly caused by shortages of effective medical intervention and poorly mechanistic understanding of the pathogenesis of CRC. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a type of heterogeneous transcripts without the capability of coding protein, but have the potency of regulating protein-coding gene expression. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in which cytoplasmic contents are delivered to cellular lysosomes for degradation, resulting in the turnover of cellular components and producing energy for cell functions. A growing body of evidence reveals that ncRNAs, autophagy, and the crosstalks of ncRNAs and autophagy play intricate roles in the initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence and therapeutic resistance of CRC, which confer ncRNAs and autophagy to serve as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CRC. In this review, we sought to delineate the complicated roles of ncRNAs, mainly including miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, in the pathogenesis of CRC, particularly focus on the regulatory role of ncRNAs in CRC-related autophagy, attempting to shed light on the complex pathological mechanisms, involving ncRNAs and autophagy, responsible for CRC tumorigenesis and development, so as to underpin the ncRNAs- and autophagy-based therapeutic strategies for CRC in clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Man He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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20
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Urinary microRNA biomarkers for detecting the presence of esophageal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8508. [PMID: 33879806 PMCID: PMC8058072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and adenocarcinoma (EAC) generally exhibits poor prognosis; hence, a noninvasive biomarker enabling early detection is necessary. Age- and sex-matched 150 healthy controls (HCs) and 43 patients with ESCC were randomly divided into two groups: 9 individuals in the discovery cohort for microarray analysis and 184 individuals in the training/test cohort with cross-validation for qRT-PCR analysis. Using 152 urine samples (144 HCs and 8 EACs), we validated the urinary miRNA biomarkers for EAC diagnosis. Among eight miRNAs selected in the discovery cohort, urinary levels of five miRNAs (miR-1273f, miR-619-5p, miR-150-3p, miR-4327, and miR-3135b) were significantly higher in the ESCC group than in the HC group, in the training/test cohort. Consistently, these five urinary miRNAs were significantly different between HC and ESCC in both training and test sets. Especially, urinary miR-1273f and miR-619-5p showed excellent values of area under the curve (AUC) ≥ 0.80 for diagnosing stage I ESCC. Similarly, the EAC group had significantly higher urinary levels of these five miRNAs than the HC group, with AUC values of approximately 0.80. The present study established novel urinary miRNA biomarkers that can early detect ESCC and EAC.
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21
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Qiao L, Sinha S, El-hafeez AAA, Lo I, Midde KK, Ngo T, Aznar N, Lopez-sanchez I, Gupta V, Farquhar MG, Rangamani P, Ghosh P. A Circuit for Secretion-coupled Cellular Autonomy in Multicellular Eukaryotes.. [DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.18.436048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTCancers represent complex autonomous systems, displaying self-sufficiency in growth signaling. Autonomous growth is fueled by a cancer cell’s ability to ‘secrete-and-sense’ growth factors: a poorly understood phenomenon. Using an integrated systems and experimental approach, here we dissect the impact of a feedback-coupled GTPase circuit within the secretory pathway that imparts secretion-coupled autonomy. The circuit is assembled when the Ras-superfamily monomeric GTPase Arf1, and the heterotrimeric GTPase Giαβγ and their corresponding GAPs and GEFs are coupled by GIV/Girdin, a protein that is known to fuel aggressive traits in diverse cancers. One forward and two key negative feedback loops within the circuit create closed-loop control (CLC), allow the two GTPases to coregulate each other, and convert the expected switch-like behavior of Arf1-dependent secretion into an unexpected dose response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion. Such behavior translates into cell survival that is self-sustained by stimulus-proportionate secretion. Proteomic studies and protein-protein interaction network analyses pinpoint growth factors (e.g., the epidermal growth factor; EGF) as a key stimuli for such self-sustenance. Findings highlight how enhanced coupling of two biological switches in cancer cells is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy of growth factors.SYNOPSIS IMAGESTANDFIRST TEXTThis work defines the inner workings of a Golgi-localized molecular circuitry comprised of coupled GTPases, which empowers cells to achieve self-sufficiency in growth factor signaling by creating a secrete-and-sense autocrine loop.HIGHLIGHTS/MAIN FINDINGSModeling and experimental approaches were used to dissect a coupled GTPase circuit.Coupling enables closed loop feedback and mutual control of GTPases.Coupling generates dose response alignment behavior of sensing and secretion of growth factors.Coupling is critical for multiscale feedback control to achieve secretion-coupled autonomy.
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22
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Quantitative volumetric analysis of the Golgi apparatus following X-ray irradiation by super-resolution 3D-SIM microscopy. Med Mol Morphol 2021; 54:166-172. [PMID: 33501611 PMCID: PMC8139881 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-020-00277-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To obtain quantitative volumetric data for the Golgi apparatus after ionizing radiation (IR) using super-resolution three-dimensional structured illumination (3D-SIM) microscopy. Normal human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells were irradiated with X-rays (10 Gy), followed by immunofluorescence staining of the Golgi marker RCAS1. 3D-SIM imaging was performed using DeltaVision OMX version 4 and SoftWoRx 6.1. Polygon rendering and spot signal identification were performed using Imaris 8.1.2. Differences between groups were assessed by Welch’s t test. RCAS1 signals in untreated cells were located adjacent to nuclei and showed a reticular morphology. Upon IR, the area of RCAS1 signals expanded while retaining the reticular morphology. Polygon rendering imaging revealed that the volume of RCAS1 at 48 h post-IR was greater than that for unirradiated cells (93.7 ± 19.0 μm3 vs. 33.0 ± 4.2 μm3, respectively; P < 0.001): a 2.8-fold increase. Spot signal imaging showed that the number of RCAS1 spot signals post-IR was greater than that for unirradiated cells [3.4 ± 0.8 (× 103) versus 1.3 ± 0.2 (× 103), respectively; P < 0.001]: a 2.7-fold increase. This is the first study to report quantitative volumetric data of the Golgi apparatus in response to IR using super-resolution 3D-SIM microscopy.
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23
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Yu T, An Q, Cao XL, Yang H, Cui J, Li ZJ, Xiao G. GOLPH3 inhibition reverses oxaliplatin resistance of colon cancer cells via suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Life Sci 2020; 260:118294. [PMID: 32818544 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether GOLPH3 regulated oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance of colon cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. METHODS HCT116/L-OHP cells were divided into Blank, Control/GOLPH3 shRNA, BEZ235 (a PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor), and GOLPH3 + BEZ235 groups followed by the detection with MTT, soft agar colony formation, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. Mice bearing HCT116/L-OHP xenografts were randomized into Control, L-OHP, NC/GOLPH3 shRNA, L-OHP + NC/GOLPH3 shRNA groups. The expressions of Ki67, Caspase-3, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HCT116/L-OHP cells had increased GOLPH3 expression compared to HCT116 cells, which positively regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HCT116/L-OHP cells. BEZ235 declined IC50 of HCT116/L-OHP cells to L-OHP, decreased the expressions of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2, ATP7A, ATP7B, MATE1, p-gp, MRP1 and BCRP, induced cell apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, and arrested cells at G0/G1, which was reversed by GOLPH3 overexpression. L-OHP and GOLPH3 shRNA decreased tumor volume and reduced expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues with the increased Caspase-3. Meanwhile, the combined treatment had the better treatment effect. CONCLUSION GOLPH3 inhibition reduced proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCT116/L-OHP cells, and also reversed the L-OHP resistance of HCT116/L-OHP, which may be associated with the suppression of P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Qi An
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xiang-Long Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Zi-Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.
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