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Rahimi S, Eskandari M, Fathi D. New nanostructure perovskite-based light-emitting diode with superior light extraction efficiency enhancement. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5500. [PMID: 38448629 PMCID: PMC10918065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55951-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of a perovskite-based light-emitting diode (PELED) is a key indicator, comprising the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) and light extraction efficiency (LEE). Currently, enhancing EQE faces a major challenge in optimizing LEE. This study introduces an innovative structure to boost LEE, exploring various influencing parameters. The transition from a planar to a domical architecture leverages factors like the waveguiding effect, resulting in a remarkable tenfold increase in LEE, from 6 to 59%. Additionally, investigations into factors affecting LEE, such as altering dipole orientation, material-substrate contact angle, and layer thickness, reveal the potential for further improvement. The optimized structure attains an impressive LEE value of 74%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Rahimi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Mohammadi MH, Eskandari M, Fathi D. Design of optimized photonic-structure and analysis of adding a SiO 2 layer on the parallel CH 3NH 3PbI 3/CH 3NH 3SnI 3 perovskite solar cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15905. [PMID: 37741943 PMCID: PMC10517998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
So far, remarkable achievements have been obtained by optimizing the device architecture and modeling of solar cells is a precious and very effective way to comprehend a better description of the physical mechanisms in solar cells. As a result, this study has inspected two-dimensional simulation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve a precise model. The solution which has been employed is based on the finite element method (FEM). First, the periodically light trapping (LT) structure has been replaced with a planar structure. Due to that, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSC was obtained at 14.85%. Then, the effect of adding an SiO2 layer to the LT structure as an anti-reflector layer was investigated. Moreover, increasing the PCE of these types of solar cells, a new structure including a layer of CH3NH3SnI3 as an absorber layer was added to the structure of PSCs in this study, which resulted in 25.63 mA/cm2 short circuit current (Jsc), 0.96 V open circuit voltage (Voc), and 20.48% PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Drygała A, Starowicz Z, Gawlińska-Nęcek K, Karolus M, Lipiński M, Jarka P, Matysiak W, Tillová E, Palček P, Tański T. Hybrid Mesoporous TiO 2/ZnO Electron Transport Layer for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cell. Molecules 2023; 28:5656. [PMID: 37570627 PMCID: PMC10419676 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained major attention as potentially useful photovoltaic technology due to their ever-increasing power-conversion efficiency (PCE). The efficiency of PSCs depends strongly on the type of materials selected as the electron transport layer (ETL). TiO2 is the most widely used electron transport material for the n-i-p structure of PSCs. Nevertheless, ZnO is a promising candidate owing to its high transparency, suitable energy band structure, and high electron mobility. In this investigation, hybrid mesoporous TiO2/ZnO ETL was fabricated for a perovskite solar cell composed of FTO-coated glass/compact TiO2/mesoporous ETL/FAPbI3/2D perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. The influence of ZnO nanostructures with different percentage weight contents on the photovoltaic performance was investigated. It was found that the addition of ZnO had no significant effect on the surface topography, structure, and optical properties of the hybrid mesoporous electron-transport layer but strongly affected the electrical properties of PSCs. The best efficiency rate of 18.24% has been obtained for PSCs with 2 wt.% ZnO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Drygała
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Starowicz
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Street, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.S.); (K.G.-N.); (M.L.)
| | - Katarzyna Gawlińska-Nęcek
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Street, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.S.); (K.G.-N.); (M.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Karolus
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 1a 75 Pułku Piechoty Street, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland;
| | - Marek Lipiński
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25 Street, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; (Z.S.); (K.G.-N.); (M.L.)
| | - Paweł Jarka
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Wiktor Matysiak
- Scientific and Didactic Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Material Technologies, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Towarowa 7 Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Eva Tillová
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1 Street, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia; (E.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Peter Palček
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 1 Street, 010 26 Zilina, Slovakia; (E.T.); (P.P.)
| | - Tomasz Tański
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18a Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland;
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Jangjoy A, Matloub S. Theoretical study of Ag and Au triple core-shell spherical plasmonic nanoparticles in ultra-thin film perovskite solar cells. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19102-19115. [PMID: 37381334 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of thin film organic-inorganic halide perovskites solar cells by embedding triple-core-shell spherical plasmonic nanoparticles into the absorber layer. A dielectric-metal-dielectric nanoparticle can be substituted for embedded metallic nanoparticles in the absorbing layer to modify their chemical and thermal stability. By solving Maxwell's equations with the three-dimensional finite difference time domain method, the proposed high-efficiency perovskite solar cell has been optically simulated. Additionally, the electrical parameters have been determined through numerical simulations of coupled Poisson and continuity equations. Based on electro-optical simulation results, the short-circuit current density of the proposed perovskite solar cell with triple core-shell nanoparticles consisting of dielectric-gold-dielectric and dielectric-silver-dielectric nanoparticles has been enhanced by approximately 25% and 29%, respectively, as compared to a perovskite solar cell without nanoparticles. By contrast, for pure gold and silver nanoparticles, the generated short-circuit current density increased by nearly 9% and 12%, respectively. Furthermore, in the optimal case of the perovskite solar cell the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current density, the fill factor, and the power conversion efficiency have been achieved at 1.06 V, 25 mAcm-2, 0.872, and 23.00%, respectively. Last but not least, lead toxicity has been reduced due to the ultra-thin perovskite absorber layer, and this study provides a detailed roadmap for the use of low-cost triple core-shell nanoparticles for efficient ultra-thin-film perovskite solar cells.
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Obraztsova AA, Barettin D, Furasova AD, Voroshilov PM, Auf der Maur M, Orsini A, Makarov SV. Light-Trapping Electrode for the Efficiency Enhancement of Bifacial Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3210. [PMID: 36144998 PMCID: PMC9500818 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antireflection and light-trapping coatings are important parts of photovoltaic architectures, which enable the reduction of parasitic optical losses, and therefore increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE). Here, we propose a novel approach to enhance the efficiency of perovskite solar cells using a light-trapping electrode (LTE) with non-reciprocal optical transmission, consisting of a perforated metal film covered with a densely packed array of nanospheres. Our LTE combines charge collection and light trapping, and it can replace classical transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) such as ITO or FTO, providing better optical transmission and conductivity. One of the most promising applications of our original LTE is the optimization of efficient bifacial perovskite solar cells. We demonstrate that with our LTE, the short-circuit current density and fill factor are improved for both front and back illumination of the solar cells. Thus, we observe an 11% improvement in the light absorption for the monofacial PSCs, and a 15% for the bifacial PSCs. The best theoretical results of efficiency for our PSCs are 27.9% (monofacial) and 33.4% (bifacial). Our study opens new prospects for the further efficiency enhancement for perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Obraztsova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Daniele Barettin
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Università Niccoló Cusano, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pavel M. Voroshilov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Matthias Auf der Maur
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Orsini
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Università Niccoló Cusano, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergey V. Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao 266000, China
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6
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Chaudhry FA, Escandell L, López-Fraguas E, Vergaz R, Sánchez-Pena JM, García-Cámara B. Light absorption enhancement in thin film GaAs solar cells using dielectric nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9240. [PMID: 35655090 PMCID: PMC9163027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost-effective and lightweight solar cells are currently demanded in strategic fields such as space applications or integrated-wearable devices. A reduction of the active layer thickness, producing thin-film devices, has been a traditional solution to accomplish both requirements. However, this solution also reduces the efficiency of the device. For this reason, alternative strategies are being proposed. In this work, light trapping effects of an array of semiconductor nanoparticles located on the top surface of a thin-film GaAs solar cell are investigated to improve the optical absorption and current density in active layer, under the standard AM-1.5 solar spectrum. The numerical results are compared with other previous proposals such as an aluminum nanoparticle array, as well as conventional solar cells with and without a standard anti-reflective coating (ARC). The inclusion of semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) shows an improved response of the solar cells at different angles of incidence in comparison to solar cell with an ARC. Furthermore, the efficiency increases a 10% respect to the aluminum nanoparticles (NPs) architecture, and a 21% and a 30% respect to solar cells with and without ARC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateh A Chaudhry
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena Escandell
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Fraguas
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Vergaz
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Sánchez-Pena
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Braulio García-Cámara
- GDAF-UC3M, Dep. Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. Universidad, 30, 28911, Leganés, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang CC, Yuan S, Lou YH, Okada H, Wang ZK. Physical Fields Manipulation for High-Performance Perovskite Photovoltaics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107556. [PMID: 35043565 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the efforts of researchers from all over the world, metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been booming rapidly in recent years. Generally, perovskite films are sensitive to surrounding conditions and will be changed under the action of physical fields, resulting in lattice distortion, degradation, ion migration, and so on. In this review, the progress of physical fields manipulation in PSCs, including the electric field, magnetic field, light field, stress field, and thermal field are reviewed. On this basis, the influences of these fields on PSCs are summarized and prospected. Finally, challenges and prospective research directions on how to make better use of external-fields while minimizing the unnecessary and disruptive impacts on commercial PSCs with high-efficiency and steady output are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Cong Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Hui Lou
- School of Energy, Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Graduate School of Science & Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Zhao-Kui Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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Kim H, Kwak H, Jung I, Kim MS, Kim J, Park HJ, Lee KT. Light absorption enhancement in ultrathin perovskite solar cells using light scattering of high-index dielectric nanospheres. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35366-35376. [PMID: 34808972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.440989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of high-index dielectric nanoparticles supporting both electrical and magnetic resonances have gained increasing attention for their excellent light-trapping (LT) effects, thus greatly improving the performance of ultrathin solar cells. This work explores front-located, high-index dielectric subwavelength nanosphere arrays as an efficient and broadband LT structure patterned on top of an ultrathin perovskite solar cell (PSC) for a greatly enhanced absorption. Combined strong light scattering and anti-reflection properties achieved by optimized geometrical parameters of the LT structure lead to a broadband absorption enhancement in the ultrathin thickness of a photoactive layer (100 nm) yielding the short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.7 mA/cm2, which is 31.7% higher than that of a planar counterpart. Moreover, effects of the LT structure on far-field radiation patterns, scattering cross-sections, multipoles' contributions, and asymmetry parameters along with the incidence angle and polarization dependence are investigated. The present strategy could be applied to diverse applications, such as other ultrathin or semitransparent solar cells, absorbers and photodetectors.
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Oxide and Organic–Inorganic Halide Perovskites with Plasmonics for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications: A Contributive Review. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11091057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ascension of halide perovskites as outstanding materials for a wide variety of optoelectronic applications has been reported in recent years. They have shown significant potential for the next generation of photovoltaics in particular, with a power conversion efficiency of 25.6% already achieved. On the other hand, oxide perovskites have a longer history and are considered as key elements in many technological applications; they have been examined in depth and applied in various fields, owing to their exceptional variability in terms of compositions and structures, leading to a large set of unique physical and chemical properties. As of today, a sound correlation between these two important material families is still missing, and this contributive review aims to fill this gap. We report a detailed analysis of the main functions and properties of oxide and organic–inorganic halide perovskite, emphasizing existing relationships amongst the specific performance and the structures.
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Tooghi A, Fathi D, Eskandari M. Numerical study of a highly efficient light trapping nanostructure of perovskite solar cell on a textured silicon substrate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18699. [PMID: 33122757 PMCID: PMC7596715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a nanostructured perovskite solar cell (PSC) on a textured silicon substrate is examined, and its performance is analyzed. First, its configuration and the simulated unit cell are discussed, and its fabrication method is explained. In this proposed structure, poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used instead of glass. It is shown that the use of PDMS dramatically reduces the reflection from the cell surface. Furthermore, the light absorption is found to be greatly increased due to the light trapping and plasmonic enhancement of the electric field in the active layer. Then, three different structures, are compared with the main proposed structure in terms of absorption, considering the imperfect fabrication conditions and the characteristics of the built PSC. The findings show that in the worst fabrication conditions considered structure (FCCS), short-circuit current density (Jsc) is 22.28 mA/cm2, which is 27% higher than that of the planar structure with a value of 17.51 mA/cm2. As a result, the efficiencies of these FCCSs are significant as well. In the main proposed structure, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is observed to be improved by 32%, from 13.86% for the planar structure to 18.29%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tooghi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Fathi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Eskandari
- Nanomaterial Research Group, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) on TMU, Tehran, Iran
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