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Faqerah N, Walker D, Gerasimidis K. Review article: The complex interplay between diet and Escherichia coli in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2023; 58:984-1004. [PMID: 37771255 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although no causative microbe has been yet identified or successfully targeted in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the role of Escherichia coli in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease has attracted considerable interest. AIM In this review, we present a literature overview of the interactions between diet and E. coli and other Proteobacteria in the aetiology, outcomes and management of IBD and suggest future research directions. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed to identify in vitro studies and research in animal models that explored mechanisms by which dietary components can interact with E. coli or Proteobacteria to initiate or propagate gut inflammation. We also explored the effect diet and dietary therapies have on the levels of E. coli or Proteobacteria in patients with IBD. RESULTS Preclinical data suggest that the Western diet and its components influence the abundance, colonisation and phenotypic behaviour of E. coli in the gut, which may in turn initiate or contribute to gut inflammation. In contrast, the Mediterranean diet and specific dietary fibres may abrogate these effects and protect from inflammation. There are limited data from clinical trials, mostly from patients with Crohn's disease during treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition, with findings often challenging observations from preclinical research. Data from patients with ulcerative colitis are sparse. CONCLUSIONS Preclinical and some clinical trial data suggest that E. coli and other Proteobacteria interact with certain dietary components to promote gut inflammation. Well-designed clinical trials are required before dietary recommendations for disease management can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nojoud Faqerah
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Microbiology, Rabigh Medical College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Walker
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Konstantinos Gerasimidis
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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Folate and Vitamin B 12 Deficiency Exacerbate Inflammation during Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020261. [PMID: 36678131 PMCID: PMC9865721 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate and vitamin B12 deficiency is highly prevalent among Crohn's disease (CD) patients. Furthermore, CD pathology can be mediated by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection. However, the direct effect of folate (B9) and cobalamin (B12) deficiency during MAP infection remains uncharacterized. This study investigates how folate and B12 deficiency impedes macrophage apoptosis and exacerbates the inflammation in macrophages infected with MAP isolated from CD patients. Accordingly, we measured folate and B12 in ex vivo plasma samples collected from CD patients with or without MAP infection (N = 35 per group). We also measured the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, cellular apoptosis and viability markers, and bacterial viability in MAP-infected macrophages cultured in folate and B12 deficient media. We determined that MAP-positive CD patients have significantly lower plasma folate and B12 in comparison to MAP-negative CD patients [414.48 ± 94.60 pg/mL vs. 512.86 ± 129.12 pg/mL, respectively]. We further show that pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α are significantly upregulated during folate and vitamin B12 deprivation following MAP infection by several folds, while supplementation significantly reduces their expression by several folds. Additionally, depletion of folate, B12, and folate/B12 following MAP infection, led to decreased macrophage apoptosis from 1.83 ± 0.40-fold to 1.04 ± 0.08, 0.64 ± 0.12, and 0.45 ± 0.07 in folate-low, B12-low, and folate/B12-low cells, respectively. By contrast, folate and folate/B12 supplementation resulted in 3.38 ± 0.70 and 2.58 ± 0.14-fold increases in infected macrophages. Interestingly, changes in overall macrophage viability were only observed in folate-high, folate/B12-high, and folate/B12-low media, with 0.80 ± 0.05, 0.82 ± 0.02, and 0.91 ± 0.04-fold changes, respectively. Incubation of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial monolayers with supernatant from infected macrophages revealed that folate/B12 deficiency led to increased LDH release independent of oxidative stress. Overall, our results indicate that folate and B12 are key vitamins affecting cell survival and inflammation during MAP infection.
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Zheng L, Duan SL, Dai YC, Wu SC. Role of adherent invasive Escherichia coli in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:11671-11689. [PMID: 36405271 PMCID: PMC9669839 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i32.11671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota imbalances play an important role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but no single pathogenic microorganism critical to IBD that is specific to the IBD terminal ileum mucosa or can invade intestinal epithelial cells has been found. Invasive Escherichia coli (E. coli) adhesion to macrophages is considered to be closely related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Further study of the specific biological characteristics of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) may contribute to a further understanding of IBD pathogenesis. This review explores the relationship between AIEC and the intestinal immune system, discusses the prevalence and relevance of AIEC in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients, and describes the relationship between AIEC and the disease site, activity, and postoperative recurrence. Finally, we highlight potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate AIEC colonization in the intestinal mucosa, including the use of phage therapy, antibiotics, and anti-adhesion molecules. These strategies may open up new avenues for the prevention and treatment of IBD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Sheng-Lei Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an 322000, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Wu
- Department of Proctology, Gansu Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730050, Gansu Province, China
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Vieujean S, Caron B, Haghnejad V, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Heba AC, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Barreto G, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7611. [PMID: 35886959 PMCID: PMC9321337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits, vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Patrick Netter
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - David Moulin
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
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Vaccaro JA, Naser SA. The Role of Methyl Donors of the Methionine Cycle in Gastrointestinal Infection and Inflammation. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 10:healthcare10010061. [PMID: 35052225 PMCID: PMC8775811 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin deficiency is well known to contribute to disease development in both humans and other animals. Nonetheless, truly understanding the role of vitamins in human biology requires more than identifying their deficiencies. Discerning the mechanisms by which vitamins participate in health is necessary to assess risk factors, diagnostics, and treatment options for deficiency in a clinical setting. For researchers, the absence of a vitamin may be used as a tool to understand the importance of the metabolic pathways in which it participates. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the complex relationship between the methyl donating vitamins folate and cobalamin (B12), the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM), and inflammatory processes in human disease. First, it outlines the process of single-carbon metabolism in the generation of first methionine and subsequently SAM. Following this, established relationships between folate, B12, and SAM in varying bodily tissues are discussed, with special attention given to their effects on gut inflammation.
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Mi S, Tang Y, Dari G, Shi Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Liu X, Liu Y, Tahir U, Yu Y. Transcriptome sequencing analysis for the identification of stable lncRNAs associated with bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:120. [PMID: 34895356 PMCID: PMC8667444 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) mastitis is one of the most difficult diseases to treat in lactating dairy cows worldwide. S. aureus with different lineages leads to different host immune responses. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to be widely involved in the progress of inflammation. However, no research has identified stable lncRNAs among different S. aureus strain infections. In addition, folic acid (FA) can effectively reduce inflammation, and whether the inflammatory response caused by S. aureus can be reduced by FA remains to be explored. Methods lncRNA transcripts were identified from Holstein mammary gland tissues infected with different concentrations of S. aureus (in vivo) and mammary alveolar cells (Mac-T cells, in vitro) challenged with different S. aureus strains. Differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs were evaluated, and stable DE lncRNAs were identified in vivo and in vitro. On the basis of the gene sequence conservation and function conservation across species, key lncRNAs with the function of potentially immune regulation were retained for further analysis. The function of FA on inflammation induced by S. aureus challenge was also investigated. Then, the association analysis between these keys lncRNA transcripts and hematological parameters (HPs) was carried out. Lastly, the knockdown and overexpression of the important lncRNA were performed to validate the gene function on the regulation of cell immune response. Results Linear regression analysis showed a significant correlation between the expression levels of lncRNA shared by mammary tissue and Mac-T cells (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.3517). lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 could be regarded as stable markers associated with bovine S. aureus mastitis. Several HPs could be influenced by SNPs around lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1. The results of gene function validation showed PRANCR regulates the mRNA expression of SELPLG and ITGB2 within the S. aureus infection pathway and the Mac-T cells apoptosis. In addition, FA regulated the expression change of DE lncRNA involved in toxin metabolism and inflammation to fight against S. aureus infection. Conclusions The remarkable association between SNPs around these two lncRNAs and partial HP indicates the potentially important role of PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 in immune regulation. Stable DE lncRNAs PRANCR and TNK2–AS1 can be regarded as potential targets for the prevention of bovine S. aureus mastitis. FA supplementation can reduce the negative effect of S. aureus challenge by regulating the expression of lncRNAs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-021-00639-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yongjie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gerile Dari
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuanjun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yibing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Usman Tahir
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ying Yu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture & National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Wu Y, Wang CZ, Wan JY, Yao H, Yuan CS. Dissecting the Interplay Mechanism between Epigenetics and Gut Microbiota: Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6933. [PMID: 34203243 PMCID: PMC8267743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota exists throughout the full life cycle of the human body, and it has been proven to have extensive impacts on health and disease. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the interplay between gut microbiota and host epigenetics plays a multifaceted role in health maintenance and disease prevention. Intestinal microflora, along with their metabolites, could regulate multiple epigenetic pathways; e.g., DNA methylation, miRNA, or histone modification. Moreover, epigenetic factors can serve as mediators to coordinate gut microbiota within the host. Aiming to dissect this interplay mechanism, the present review summarizes the research profile of gut microbiota and epigenetics in detail, and further interprets the biofunctions of this interplay, especially the regulation of intestinal inflammation, the improvement of metabolic disturbances, and the inhibition of colitis events. This review provides new insights into the interplay of epigenetics and gut microbiota, and attempts to reveal the mysteries of health maintenance and disease prevention from this new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chong-Zhi Wang
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.-Z.W.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jin-Yi Wan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haiqiang Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
- National Institute of TCM Constitution and Preventive Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chun-Su Yuan
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (C.-Z.W.); (C.-S.Y.)
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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He Q, Zou T, Chen J, He J, Jian L, Xie F, You J, Wang Z. Methyl-Donor Micronutrient for Gestating Sows: Effects on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome in Offspring Piglets. Front Nutr 2021; 8:675640. [PMID: 34164424 PMCID: PMC8215270 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.675640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation during gestation on gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile in offspring piglets. Forty-three Duroc × Erhualian gilts were assigned to two dietary groups during gestation: control diet (CON) and CON diet supplemented with MET (folic acid, methionine, choline, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12). The body weights of offspring piglets were recorded at birth and weaning. Besides this, fresh fecal samples of offspring piglets were collected at 7, 14, and 21 days. The gut microbiota composition, metabolic profile, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles in the fecal samples were determined using 16S rDNA sequencing, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics, and gas chromatography methods, respectively. The results showed that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient supplementation increased the microbiota diversity and uniformity in feces of offspring piglets as indicated by increased Shannon and Simpson indices at 7 days, and greater Simpson, ACE, Chao1 and observed species indices at 21 days. Specifically, at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio were elevated by maternal treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundance of SCFA-producing Dialister, Megasphaera, and Turicibacter, and lactate-producing Sharpea as well as Akkermansia, Weissella, and Pediococcus were increased in the MET group. The metabolic analyses show that maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition increased the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs of 21-day piglets and increased metabolism mainly involving amino acids, pyrimidine, and purine biosynthesis. Collectively, maternal methyl-donor micronutrient addition altered gut microbiota and the fecal metabolic profile, resulting in an improved weaning weight of offspring piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Jian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinming You
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,Key Innovation Center for Industry-Education Integration of High-Quality and Safety Livestock Production in Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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