Adsorption-desorption behavior of the endocrine-disrupting chemical quinestrol in soils

Effects of thiram exposure on liver metabolism of chickens

Pesticides are widely used to control crop diseases, which have made an important contribution to the increase of global crop production. However, a considerable part of pesticides may remain in plants, posing a huge threat to animal safety. Thiram is a common pesticide and has been proven that its residues in the feed can affect the growth performance, bone formation, and intestinal health of chickens. However, there are few studies on the liver metabolism of chickens exposed to thiram. Here, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of thiram exposure on liver metabolism of chickens. Metabolomics analysis shows that 62 metabolites were down-regulated (ginsenoside F5, arbekacin, coproporphyrinogen III, 3-keto Fusidic acid, marmesin, isofumonisin B1, 3-Hydroxyquinine, melleolide B, naphazoline, marmesin, dibenzyl ether, etc.) and 35 metabolites were up-regulated (tetrabromodiphenyl ethers, deoxycholic acid glycine conjugate, L-Palmitoylcarnitine, austalide K, hericene B, pentadecanoylcarnitine, glyceryl palmitostearate, quinestrol, 7-Ketocholesterol, tetrabromodiphenyl ethers, etc.) in thiram-induced chickens, mainly involved in the metabolic pathways including glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Taken together, this research showed that thiram exposure significantly altered hepatic metabolism in chickens. Moreover, this study also provided a basis for regulating the use and disposal of thiram to ensure environmental quality and poultry health.

Comparative adsorptive behaviour of cow dung ash and starch as potential eco-friendly matrices for controlled organophosphorus pesticides delivery

The work reported herein explores the viability of cow dung ash (CDA) as a matrix for controlled pesticide delivery, by comparing its adsorptive characteristics towards two organophosphorus pesticides with those of starch, conventionally utilized in designing controlled pesticide delivery systems. CDA was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Data for pesticide adsorption on the surfaces correlate well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, with the former isotherm giving a slightly better fit (R² ≥ 0.90) than the latter (R² ≥ 0.81). Values of the adsorption parameters K_L and R_L indicate favourable pesticide adsorption on both surfaces. Desorption is the microscopic reverse of adsorption; both processes obey pseudo-second-order kinetics. The implication of this kinetic form is a mechanism in which adsorbate diffusion to the polymer surface and its transport into the polymer interior are important events. The isothermal and kinetic ratios, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{{K_{L}^{CDA} }}{{K_{L}^{Starch} }} = 3.8$$\end{document}KLCDAKLStarch=3.8 and 4.0, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{{k_{2}^{CDA} }}{{k_{2}^{Starch} }} = 1.3$$\end{document}k2CDAk2Starch=1.3 and 0.6, and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\frac{{k_{ - 2}^{CDA} }}{{k_{ - 2}^{Starch} }} = 5.2$$\end{document}k-2CDAk-2Starch=5.2 and 1.0 at pH 7.0 and 27 °C, compare the adsorptive behaviour of diazinon and dichlorvos, respectively, on CDA and starch. These parameters are of the same order of magnitude, signalling that CDA is as potentially viable as starch for use as a matrix for pesticide-controlled delivery.