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Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sechi B, Dessì A, Dallocchio R, Tsetskhladze N, Chankvetadze B, Pérez-Baeza M, Cossu S, Jibuti G, Mamane V, Peluso P. Unravelling dispersion forces in liquid-phase enantioseparation. Part I: Impact of ferrocenyl versus phenyl groups. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341725. [PMID: 37709466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly ordered chiral secondary structures as well as multiple (tunable) recognition sites are the keys to success of polysaccharide carbamate-based chiral selectors in enantioseparation science. Hydrogen bonds (HBs), dipole-dipole, and π-π interactions are classically considered the most frequent noncovalent interactions underlying enantioselective recognition with these chiral selectors. Very recently, halogen, chalcogen and π-hole bonds were also identified as interactions working in polysaccharide carbamate-based selectors to promote enantiomer distinction. On the contrary, the function of dispersion interactions in this field was not explored so far. RESULTS The enantioseparation of chiral ferrocenes featuring chiral axis or chiral plane as stereogenic elements was performed by comparing five polysaccharide carbamate-based chiral columns, with the aim to identify enantioseparation outcomes that could be reasonably determined by dispersion forces, making available a reliable experimental data set for future theoretical studies to confirm the heuristic hypothesis. The effects of mobile phase polarity and temperature on the enantioseparation were considered, and potential recognition sites on analytes and selectors were evaluated by electrostatic potential (V) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD). In this first part, the enantioseparation of 3,3'-dibromo-5,5'-bis-ferrocenylethynyl-4,4'-bipyridine bearing two ferrocenylethynyl units linked to an axially chiral core was performed and compared to that of the analyte featuring the same structural motif with two phenyl groups in place of the ferrocenyl moieties. The results of this study showed the superiority of the ferrocenyl compared to the phenyl group, as a structural element favouring enantiodifferentiation. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY Even if dispersion (London) forces have been envisaged acting in liquid-phase enantioseparations, focused studies to explore possible contributions of dispersion forces with polysaccharide carbamate-based selectors are practically missing. This study allowed us to collect experimental information that support the involvement of dispersion forces as contributors to liquid-phase enantioseparation, paving the way to a new picture in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sechi
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dessì
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Roberto Dallocchio
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nutsa Tsetskhladze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Bezhan Chankvetadze
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Mireia Pérez-Baeza
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Sergio Cossu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi DSMN, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Via Torino 155, I-30172, Mestre Venezia, Italy
| | - Giorgi Jibuti
- Institute of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, Chavchavadze Ave 3, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Victor Mamane
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg, UMR, CNRS 7177, Equipe LASYROC, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal, 67008, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
| | - Paola Peluso
- Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare ICB-CNR, Sede Secondaria di Sassari, Traversa La Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, Li Punti, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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KANAO E. Studies on π Interactions in Liquid-Phase Separations. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2022. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2021.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eisuke KANAO
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
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Ma H, Zhang Y, Duan T, Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang Y, Dong Y. Preparation and evaluation of poly (1-allyl-3-methylimidazole chloride@1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate) conventional size monolithic column for HPLC. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
Carbohydrate recognition is crucial for biological processes ranging from development to immune system function to host-pathogen interactions. The proteins that bind glycans are faced with a daunting task: to coax these hydrophilic species out of water and into a binding site. Here, we examine the forces underlying glycan recognition by proteins. Our previous bioinformatic study of glycan-binding sites indicated that the most overrepresented side chains are electron-rich aromatic residues, including tyrosine and tryptophan. These findings point to the importance of CH-π interactions for glycan binding. Studies of CH-π interactions show a strong dependence on the presence of an electron-rich π system, and the data indicate binding is enhanced by complementary electronic interactions between the electron-rich aromatic ring and the partial positive charge of the carbohydrate C-H protons. This electronic dependence means that carbohydrate residues with multiple aligned highly polarized C-H bonds, such as β-galactose, form strong CH-π interactions, whereas less polarized residues such as α-mannose do not. This information can guide the design of proteins to recognize sugars and the generation of ligands for proteins, small molecules, or catalysts that bind sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Kiessling
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Roger C. Diehl
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Hanayama H, Yamada J, Tomotsuka I, Harano K, Nakamura E. Rim Binding of Cyclodextrins in Size-Sensitive Guest Recognition. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:5786-5792. [PMID: 33826331 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are doughnut-shaped cyclic oligosaccharides having a cavity and two rims. Inclusion binding in the cavity has long served as a classic model of molecular recognition, and rim binding has been neglected. We found that CDs recognize guests by size-sensitive binding using the two rims in addition to the cavity, using single-molecule electron microscopy and a library of graphitic cones as a solid-state substrate for complexation. For example, with its cavity and rim binding ability combined, γ-CD can recognize a guest of radius between 4 and 9 Å with a size-recognition precision of better than 1 Å, as shown by structural analysis of thousands of individual specimens and statistical analysis of the data thereof. A 2.5 ms resolution electron microscopic video provided direct evidence of the process of size recognition. The data suggest the occurrence of the rim binding mode for guests larger than the size of the CD cavity and illustrate a unique application of dynamic molecular electron microscopy for deciphering the spatiotemporal details of supramolecular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hanayama
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Junya Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Issei Tomotsuka
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Koji Harano
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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