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Pop SI, Cerghizan D, Mițariu L, Jánosi KM, D’Andrea A. CBCT Evaluation of Alveolar Bone Change and Root Resorption after Orthodontic Treatment: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1757. [PMID: 39202245 PMCID: PMC11353672 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14161757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For years, there has been a long debate about the impact of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium of patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of orthodontic forces on the periodontium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the height of the alveolar bone at the four surfaces of specific teeth and the root length of the central incisors before and after orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS CBCTs from a group of fifty patients were evaluated before (T0) and after orthodontic treatment (T1). Evaluations of the alveolar bone were performed by measuring the distance from the most apical point of the marginal portion to the CEJ at the buccal (B-ABL), lingual (L-ABL), mesial (M-ABL), and distal (D-ABL) surfaces of the central incisor (CI), first premolar (1st PM), and first molar (1st M). Meanwhile, root resorptions were evaluated by measuring the distance from the center of the tooth at the CEJ to the most apical point of the central incisor. RESULTS The reduction in the alveolar bone level was highest at the buccal segment (75%) and lowest at the distal (42%) segment, although the decrease was not statistically significant. Root resorption, in terms of reduction in the total length, was detected in the upper central incisor. CONCLUSIONS Fixed orthodontic treatment can produce a significant reduction in root length, but not at the level of the alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Izabella Pop
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (S.I.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Diana Cerghizan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (S.I.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Loredana Mițariu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lucian Balga University, Bd-ul. Victoriei, 550024 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Kinga Mária Jánosi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (S.I.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Antonella D’Andrea
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (S.I.P.); (A.D.)
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Le LN, Ma HN, Do TT, Le KVP. Root Resorption and Alveolar Bone Changes in the Maxillary Canine Retraction Using NiTi Closed-Coil Springs Versus Elastomeric Chains: A Split-Mouth Trial. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2024; 14:339-348. [PMID: 39380927 PMCID: PMC11458088 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare apical root resorption and alveolar bone changes induced by the maxillary canine closure procedure performed on patients with Angle Class I malocclusion using NiTi closed-coil springs versus elastomeric chains. Materials and Methods Thirty-one adult patients who had been instructed to undergo bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction completed a randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design. Elastomeric chains will be used on the left side, and NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the right side for patients with even numbers. Elastomeric chains will be used on the right side of patients with an odd number, whereas NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the left side of patients. For each patient, cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillary canine and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and perform cephalometric measurements. Result The tooth root length decreased by 0.90 ± 0.60 mm in the NiTi closed-coil spring group. The alveolar bone level increased by 0.53 ± 0.66 mm on the buccal side and by 0.79 ± 0.72 mm on the lingual side. These changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the elastomeric chain group, the tooth root length was decreased by 0.92 ± 0.69 mm, and the levels of vertical buccal and lingual alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.001). Compared to NiTi closed-coil springs and elastomeric chain groups, there was a 0.03 ± 0.878 mm difference in the tooth root length; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.878). Conclusion Elastomeric chains and NiTi closed-coil springs both generated tooth root resorption, but the results were comparable and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the elastomeric chain and NiTi closed-coil spring groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone loss around the maxillary canines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam Nguyen Le
- Department of Pediatrics Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Hanh Ngoc Ma
- Faculty Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Do
- Department of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Khanh Vu Phuong Le
- Faculty Odonto-Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, Vietnam
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Sadek MM, Gaber RM. Alveolar bone changes around maxillary incisors after intrusion and retraction with controlled tipping versus bodily movement : A retrospective cone-beam computed tomography study. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:79-93. [PMID: 37672129 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-023-00493-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of maxillary incisor intrusion and retraction with controlled tipping (CT) versus bodily movement (BM) in extraction cases on alveolar bone height and thickness, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Correlations between changes in alveolar dimensions and crown or root retraction, incisor inclination, and intrusion were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In all, 144 incisors of 36 women were retrospectively evaluated. All patients were treated with anterior intrusion and retraction with either controlled tipping (CT) (group 1) or bodily movement (BM) (group 2). CBCT scans were taken before and after retraction and intrusion and measurements of alveolar bone height and thickness at the level of mid-root and root apex were measured. The prevalence of dehiscence was also calculated. RESULTS Labial bone thickness (BT) increased at the level of the root apex with increased total BT in the CT group (p < 0.05). The BM group showed decreased palatal BT. Significant vertical bone loss with an increased incidence of dehiscences occurred on the palatal side in both groups. Changes in palatal bone area was negatively correlated with the amount of root apex retraction, while the total BT at the level of root apex was positively correlated with amount of intrusion. CONCLUSIONS Bodily retraction can result in reduced palatal bone dimensions and an increase risk of iatrogenic sequelae following anterior retraction in extraction cases. Vertical bone loss and an increased incidence of dehiscences is to be expected following anterior retraction. Careful attention must be paid to the bone boundary conditions to avoid moving the incisors out of the alveolar housing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mais Medhat Sadek
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ramy M Gaber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Kuc AE, Kotuła J, Nawrocki J, Kulgawczyk M, Kawala B, Lis J, Sarul M. Bone Remodeling of Maxilla after Retraction of Incisors during Orthodontic Treatment with Extraction of Premolars Based on CBCT Study: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1503. [PMID: 38592367 PMCID: PMC10932275 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Incisor retraction is often a crucial phase in ongoing orthodontic treatment, with significant implications for alveolar remodeling mechanisms. There are two prevailing theories which seek to explain this. According to the first, teeth move with the bone, while according to the second, teeth move within the bone. This systematic review seeks to assess morphometric changes in the maxillary alveolar process resulting from incisor retraction following premolar extraction and to evaluate the potential for bone remodeling associated with orthodontic movement. Methods: The study was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The databases were searched using the following keywords: "Bone remodeling and retraction of incisors", "Alveolar bone and incisor retraction", "Bone thickness and incisor retraction", and "Bone changes and orthodontic treatment". Search filters were utilized to identify relevant papers and articles written in English and published during the last 10 years. Based on the information provided in their abstracts, papers and articles were selected according to the following criteria: randomized clinical trials (RCTs), controlled clinical prospective trials (CCTs), and retrospective studies. Articles unrelated to the study's scope or failing to meet inclusion criteria were excluded. These generally comprised individual case reports, case series reports, literature reviews, experimental studies, studies with limited data (including conference abstracts and journal writings), studies involving an unrepresentative group of patients (less than 10 patients), studies concerning patients with syndromes, and animal experiments. The remaining articles which were deemed relevant underwent comprehensive reference review and such journals as the American Journal of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics, International Orthodontics, Journal of Clinical Orthodontics, and Angle Orthodontist were manually searched. Results: Seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria articles were selected for final evaluation, with a total of 284 participants, including 233 women and 51 men. During the analysis of the results included in the publications, a lack of homogeneity was observed, rendering a reliable statistical analysis and heterogeneity assessment unobtainable. Noteworthy disparities in methodologies and measurements posed a risk of drawing inappropriate conclusions. Consequently, emphasis was placed on qualitative analysis, emphasizing the need for standardization in future studies of a similar nature, to enable valid and comparable analyses. Conclusions: The research findings incorporated in this review demonstrate that significant bone loss occurs because of incisor retraction, which diminishes distance between the bone surface and the root surface on the palatal aspect. The magnitude of this change may vary, contingent upon both the extent of incisor displacement and alterations in their inclination, thereby affecting the positioning of the root tips. This change is significantly higher in adults than in growing adolescents. The rationale behind this assertion lies in the widely recognized phenomenon of declining cellular activity with advancing age. The decrease in the speed and intensity of cellular changes may explain the diminished capacity for remodeling as patient age increases. There is ongoing discourse regarding alterations in the volume of bone on the labial aspect of the alveolar process. Further research is necessary to measure whether bone remodeling during orthodontic movement is contingent upon other factors, such as the speed and biomechanics of retraction, the level of applied orthodontic force, and the patient age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ewa Kuc
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jacek Kotuła
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Jakub Nawrocki
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Maria Kulgawczyk
- Dental Star Specialist Aesthetic Dentistry Center, 15-215 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Beata Kawala
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Joanna Lis
- Department of Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (B.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Michał Sarul
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Lee Y, Lim SW, Chan V, Hong P, Han SB, Chae HS. The surgical outcomes of anterior segmental osteotomy in Asian skeletal class II patients. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:289-298. [PMID: 36773214 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anterior segmental osteotomy (ASO) following the surgery-first approach is a long-established treatment modality to resolve lip protrusion in patients with skeletal class II patterns. However, the indications and effectiveness of ASO still remain uncertain. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of ASO in Asian skeletal class II patients by evaluating the skeletal and soft tissue changes and analyzing pre-treatment variables that determine successful outcomes in occlusal as well as esthetic aspects. METHODS The lateral cephalograms of 44 skeletal class II patients who underwent ASO and orthodontic treatment for resolving lip protrusion were retrospectively collected. Hard and soft tissue variables of two groups, normalized (NG) and unnormalized (UNG) ANB after treatment were compared and analyzed. The rotational effect of the anterior segment on the hard and soft tissue was also investigated. RESULTS ASO was successful in correcting the skeletal class II relationship and lip protrusion (ΔANB - 2.3°, 4-5 mm lips retraction) in most cases. However, for patients with severely camouflaged skeletal class II incisors involving a large ANB and SNA, a large ANB still remained post-treatment. The study also found that rotation of the upper and lower anterior segments further augmented the amount of lip retraction. CONCLUSIONS ASO was found to successfully correct ANB of skeletal class II patients under the following conditions (ANB 5.3° ± 1.5°, SNB 77.3° ± 4.5°, U1 to FH 115° ± 7.5, L1 to FH 48.0° ± 4.6). However, patients with larger ANB and SNA values may require bi-maxillary surgery. In addition, ASO has limitations in correcting gummy smile in cases of extreme maxillary excess. For patients requiring a large amount of lip retraction, rotation of the anterior segment may be beneficial in conjunction with bi-maxillary surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Weon Lim
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Hanyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Vania Chan
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Pureum Hong
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Baek Han
- Seoul Cheil Plastic Surgery Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Sung Chae
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea.
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Lyu H, Ma H, Wang X, Xu L, Hou J, Zhao Y, Li W, Li X. Three-dimensional assessment of periodontal support of lower incisors for skeletal Class II malocclusion undergoing presurgical orthodontic treatment with different vertical skeletal patterns. Prog Orthod 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 38105288 PMCID: PMC10725860 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00495-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to compare periodontal support changes during retraction of mandibular anterior teeth for skeletal Class II malocclusion with different facial divergence and to analyze relevant factors influencing bone remodeling by applying three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction technology. METHODS Forty-eight patients with Class II malocclusion requiring surgical orthodontic treatment enrolled in the study were divided into the hyperdivergent group (n = 16), normodivergent group (n = 16) and hypodivergent group (n = 16) according to their vertical skeletal patterns. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained before treatment (T1) and after presurgical orthodontic treatment (T2). The two-dimensional (2D) alveolar bone morphology, movement of mandibular central incisors and volume of the alveolar bone around incisors were measured on the labial and lingual sides by 3D CBCT reconstruction technology. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA, paired t tests and multiple linear regression. RESULTS During presurgical orthodontic treatment, the alveolar bone height on the labial side of the hyperdivergent group decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05), but was maintained in the normodivergent and hypodivergent groups (P > 0.05). However, the alveolar bone volume, alveolar bone thickness at each level and alveolar bone height on the lingual side decreased significantly for all the groups. Apart from the initial morphometric measurements at T1, the morphology of lingual alveolar bone at T2 was significantly influenced by the direction and amount of tooth movement. Horizontal retraction and vertical protrusion of the root apex were negatively related to the alveolar bone on the lingual side after presurgical orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSION For Class II malocclusion patients undergoing presurgical orthodontic treatment, the changes in the periodontal support of the lower central incisors varied in different vertical skeletal patterns. There exists a great periodontal risk of alveolar bone resorption on the lingual side for various vertical types. To avoid alveolar bone deterioration, it is essential to investigate the bone remodeling of patients with different alveolar bone conditions and cautiously plan tooth movement prior to orthodontic treatment. Moreover, 3D measurements based on CBCT construction can provide complementary information to traditional 2D measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangmiao Lyu
- Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Hou
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijiao Zhao
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of StomatologyNational Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of StomatologyResearch Center of Engineering and Technology for Digital Dentistry of Ministry of HealthBeijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Warafi LA, Al-Worafi NA, Al-Aroomi MA, Alhashimi N, Alsomairi MAA, Al-Rokhami RK, Chen X, Alhammadi MS. Alveolar bone changes following bi-maxillary vertical molars' movements using clear aligners. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37231473 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the alveolar bone changes following maxillary and mandibular molars' intrusion and extrusion movements using Clear Aligners using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective clinical study in which 24 adult patients with pre-designed selection criteria and a mean age of 31.1 + 9.9 years were enrolled. The alveolar bone changes around one hundred thirty-three maxillary and mandibular molars intruded or extruded by Clear Aligners therapy were analyzed from CBCT using Invivo 6.0 software. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability analysis was performed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's Alpha statistics. The paired t-test was used to analyze significant differences before and after treatment (T0-T1). The significance level was considered at P < 0.05. RESULT The patients were divided into two groups: extrusion (48.9%, n = 65 molars' root) and intrusion (51.1%, n = 68 molars' root) group. There was a significant decrease in the alveolar bone changes in the buccal surface of the mandibular right and left 1st molars in the extrusion group (-1.05 ± 0.97, -0.76 ± 1.12 mm, respectively) and the maxillary left 2nd molars in intrusion group (-0.42 ± 0.77 mm), and the lingual surface of intrusion of the mandibular left 1st molar (-0.64 ± 0.76 mm). Comparing the mean maxillary and mandibular changes (T0-T1) of both studied groups showed that the buccal alveolar bone changes for the left 1st and right 2nd molars showed a significant difference in extrusion and intrusion groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The buccal alveolar bone changes is considered the most affected surface following maxillary and mandibular molars' intrusion and extrusion movements using clear aligners, with mandibular molars being more affected than the maxillary ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena Ali Al-Warafi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Naseem Ali Al-Worafi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maged Ali Al-Aroomi
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Faculty of dentistry, IBB University, IBB, Yemen
| | - Najah Alhashimi
- College of Dental Medicine, Chief of orthodontics division at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majedh Abdo Ali Alsomairi
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Remsh Khaled Al-Rokhami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maged Sultan Alhammadi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Liu H, Xi X, Liu D. Three-dimensional (3D) quantitative evaluation of the morphological changes of the upper anterior alveolar bone after retraction of a maxillary incisor. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:295. [PMID: 37189105 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02976-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess morphological changes of the upper anterior alveolus after retraction of a maxillary incisor by applying three-dimensional (3D) superimposition of pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data. METHODS The study group was comprised of 28 patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion who underwent incisor retraction. CBCT data were acquired before (T1) and after (T2) orthodontic treatment. Labial and palatal alveolar thickness were assessed at the crestal, midroot and apical levels of the retracted incisors. Following three-dimensional (3D) cranial base superimposition, we performed surface modeling and inner remodeling of the labial and palatal alveolar cortex of the maxillary incisors. Paired t-tests were used to compare T0 and T1 bone thickness and volume measurements. Comparisons between labial and palatal surface modeling, inner remodeling and outer surface modeling were performed with paired t-tests in SPSS 20.0 version. RESULTS We observed controlled tipping retraction of the upper incisor. After treatment, the alveolar thickness on the labial sides increased and the palatal alveolar thickness decreased. The labial cortex showed a wider range of modeling area with a larger bending height and a smaller bending angle than the palatal side. The extent of inner remodeling was more prominent than the outer surface on both the labial and palatal sides. CONCLUSIONS Adaptive alveolar surface modeling occurred in response to incisor tipping retraction on both the lingual and labial sides although these changes occurred in an uncoordinated manner. Tipping retraction of the maxillary incisors led to a reduction in alveolar volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xun Xi
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Detailed Correlation between Central Incisor Movement and Alveolar Bone Resorption in Adults with Orthodontic Premolar Extraction Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort CBCT Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226872. [PMID: 36431349 PMCID: PMC9692330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aims to explore the detailed correlation between the movement of maxillary and mandibular central incisors and alveolar bone resorption in adults who had orthodontic premolar extraction treatment. Methods: A total of 63 adult patients (mean age, 24.41 years) who received orthodontic treatment with the extraction of four first premolars were included in this study. CBCT images were obtained before and after treatment. Three-dimensional evaluations of the movement of 252 central incisors (126 maxillary and 126 mandibular incisors) and alveolar bone changes were conducted. Four points were used to describe the incisor movement: C (cusp point), R (root apex point), M (mid-point of root neck), and L (labial cementoenamel junction point). The thickness of labial and palatal alveolar bone was assessed at the crestal, mid-root, and apical levels of incisors. The results were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation and multilinear regression. Results: Matching the measurements of central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption, significant correlations could be observed. For maxillary central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the crestal level was correlated with the movement of Point L (r = 0.290, p < 0.05), and the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with Point M (r = 0.387, p < 0.05). For mandibular central incisors, the labial alveolar bone resorption at the apical level was correlated with the movement of Point M (r = 0.493, p < 0.05) and R (r = 0.498, p < 0.01); the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the mid-root level with Point M (r = -0.170, p < 0.01); and the palatal alveolar bone resorption at the apical level with Point R (r = 0.177, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study investigated the concrete correlations between central incisor movement and alveolar bone resorption in adults after orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. It is potentially helpful for orthodontists to have a relatively accurate prediction of alveolar bone resorption based on the specific movements of central incisors and to reduce the risk of alveolar bone resorption by better adjusting the three-dimensional movement types of incisors.
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Xia K, Wang J, Yu L, Sun W, Huang X, Zhao Z, Liu J. Dentofacial characteristics and age in association with incisor bony support in adult female patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24:585-592. [PMID: 33780599 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the correlation between incisor alveolar bone thickness (IABT) and dentofacial characteristics or age in adult female patients with bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion (BDP). Evaluating the contribution of these characteristics may help to predict the IABT differences in this patient population. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A retrospective study whose sample comprised 80 pretreatment adult female patients with BDP (mean age 24.6 years). MATERIALS AND METHODS The IABT of the bimaxillary central incisors was measured by cone-beam computed tomography. Among the types of IABT, the apical trabecular bone thickness was measured with a quantitative method. The sagittal skeletal pattern, facial divergence, the incisor inclination angle, and mandibular plane angulation were determined by cephalometric analysis. A backward linear multiple regression was performed to analyse the associations between IABT and these characteristics. RESULTS Three dentofacial traits and age were associated with IABT. Patients with increased age and facial divergence tended to have a thinner mandibular incisor bone support, while increased root length was associated with a thicker mandibular incisor apical bone thickness. Increased U1-SN and facial divergence may lead to a thinner maxillary incisor palatal bone, while increased U1-SN resulted in a thicker maxillary incisor labial bone. CONCLUSIONS The bony support of the incisors is associated with age and dentofacial traits. Increasing age and facial divergence are considered risk factors for alveolar defects in female patients with BDP. In contrast, increased root length is associated with a thicker mandibular incisor apical bone support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Second People's Hospital of Baiyin, Baiyin, China
| | - Liyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wentian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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