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Loukou E, Jensen NF, Rohde L, Andersen B. Damp Buildings: Associated Fungi and How to Find Them. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:108. [PMID: 38392780 PMCID: PMC10890273 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The number of buildings experiencing humidity problems and fungal growth appears to be increasing as energy-saving measures and changes in construction practices and climate become more common. Determining the cause of the problem and documenting the type and extent of fungal growth are complex processes involving both building physics and indoor mycology. New detection and identification methods have been introduced, and new fungal species have been added to the list of building-related fungi. However, the lack of standardised procedures and general knowledge hampers the effort to resolve the problems and advocate for an effective renovation plan. This review provides a framework for building inspections on current sampling methods and detection techniques for building-related fungi. The review also contains tables with fungal species that have been identified on commonly used building materials in Europe and North America (e.g., gypsum wallboard, oriented strand board (OSB), concrete and mineral wool). The most reported building-associated fungi across all materials are Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus versicolor. Chaetomium globosum is common on all organic materials, whereas Aspergillus niger is common on all inorganic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Loukou
- Division of Building Technology, Management and Indoor Environment, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nickolaj Feldt Jensen
- Division of Building Technology, Management and Indoor Environment, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Rohde
- Division of Energy and Sustainability in Buildings, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, Thomas Manns Vej 23, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Andersen
- Division of Building Technology, Management and Indoor Environment, Department of the Built Environment, Aalborg University, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schubert M, Panzarasa G, Burgert I. Sustainability in Wood Products: A New Perspective for Handling Natural Diversity. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1889-1924. [PMID: 36535040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Wood is a renewable resource with excellent qualities and the potential to become a key element of a future bioeconomy. The increasing environmental awareness and drive to achieve sustainability is leading to a resurgence of research on wood materials. Nevertheless, the global climate changes and associated consequences will soon challenge the wood-value chains in several regions (e.g., central Europe). To cope with these challenges, it is necessary to rethink the current practice of wood sourcing and transformation. The goal of this review is to address the intrinsic natural diversity of wood, from its origin to its technological consequences for the present and future manufacturing of wood products. So far, industrial processes have been optimized to repress the variability of wood properties, enabling more efficient processing and production of reliable products. However, the need to preserve biodiversity and the impact of climate change on forests call for new wood processing techniques and green chemistry protocols for wood modification as enabling factors necessary for managing a more diverse wood provision in the future. This article discusses the past developments that have resulted in the current wood value chains and provides a perspective about how natural variability could be turned into an asset for making truly sustainable wood products. After briefly introducing the chemical and structural complexity of wood, the methods conventionally adopted for industrial homogenization and modification of wood are discussed in relation to their evolution toward increased sustainability. Finally, a perspective is given on technological potentials of machine learning techniques and of novel functional wood materials. Here the main message is that through a combination of sustainable forestry, adherence to green chemistry principles and adapted processes based on machine learning, the wood industry could not only overcome current challenges but also thrive in the near future despite the awaiting challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Schubert
- WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Guido Panzarasa
- Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ingo Burgert
- WoodTec Group, Cellulose & Wood Materials, Empa, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.,Wood Materials Science, Institute for Building Materials, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Aksenov AA, Salido RA, Melnik AV, Brennan C, Brejnrod A, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Gauglitz JM, Lejzerowicz F, Farmer DK, Vance ME, Knight R, Dorrestein PC. The molecular impact of life in an indoor environment. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8016. [PMID: 35749501 PMCID: PMC9232106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of indoor surfaces and the role of microbes in shaping and responding to that chemistry are largely unexplored. We found that, over 1 month, people's presence and activities profoundly reshaped the chemistry of a house. Molecules associated with eating/cooking, bathroom use, and personal care were found throughout the entire house, while molecules associated with medications, outdoor biocides, and microbially derived compounds were distributed in a location-dependent manner. The house and its microbial occupants, in turn, also introduced chemical transformations such as oxidation and transformations of foodborne molecules. The awareness of and the ability to observe the molecular changes introduced by people should influence future building designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Aksenov
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rodolfo A. Salido
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alexey V. Melnik
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Caitriona Brennan
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Asker Brejnrod
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrés Mauricio Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Julia M. Gauglitz
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Franck Lejzerowicz
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Delphine K. Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Marina E. Vance
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Skaggs of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Katemauswa M, Hossain E, Liu Z, Lesani M, Parab AR, Dean DA, McCall LI. Enabling Quantitative Analysis of Surface Small Molecules for Exposomics and Behavioral Studies. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:412-419. [PMID: 35084848 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Workplace chemical exposures are a major source of occupational injury. Although over half of these are skin exposures, exposomics research often focuses on chemical levels in the air or in worker biofluids such as blood and urine. Until now, one limitation has been the lack of methods to quantitatively measure surface chemical transfer. Outside the realm of harmful chemicals, the small molecules we leave behind on surfaces can also reveal important aspects of human behavior. In this study, we developed a swab-based quantitative approach to determine small molecule concentrations across common surfaces. We demonstrate its utility using one drug, cyclobenzaprine, on metal surfaces, and two human-derived metabolites, carnitine and phenylacetylglutamine, on four common surfaces: linoleum flooring, plastified laboratory workbench, metal, and Plexiglas. We observed peak areas proportional to surface analyte concentrations at 45 min and 1 week after deposition, enabling quantification of molecule abundance on workplace built environment surfaces. In contrast, this method was unsuitable for analysis of oleanolic acid, for which we did not observe a strong linear proportional relationship following swab-based recovery from surfaces. Overall, this method paves the way for future quantitative exposomics studies in analyte-specific and surface-specific frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchelle Katemauswa
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Ekram Hossain
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zongyuan Liu
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Mahbobeh Lesani
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Adwaita R Parab
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Danya A Dean
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
- University of Oklahoma, Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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