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Li S, Yin K, Wang Y, Tan L, Zhao J, Pan S, Yang L, He D. Integrating ICP-MS and Chemometrics for Profiling Inorganic Elements in Lianhua Qingwen Capsules and Evaluating Health Risk. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04279-1. [PMID: 38926229 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04279-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lianhua Qingwen capsule (LHQWC) is composed of 13 traditional Chinese herbs. In this study, we employed inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify the concentrations of 26 inorganic elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Cs, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, U) across 22 batches of LHQWC. These results were complemented with Chemometrics analysis and health risk assessment of selected hazardous elements. Chemometric analysis revealed significant quality variations among the 22 batches of LHQWC, identifying U, Cs, Tl, Rb, Mn, As, Mg, and Al as characteristic elements influencing formulation consistency. Moreover, the health risk assessment indicated that while levels of Cu, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Hg in LHQWC were within acceptable limits, concerns arose regarding vanadium levels in certain batches. These findings underscore the necessity of comprehensive elemental analysis and health risk assessment to ensure the safety and quality of LHQWC. Our study provides valuable insights for both quality evaluation and regulatory considerations in the production of LHQWC and similar herbal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ke Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yiwu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lihong Tan
- Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuxiang Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Chongqing Pharmaceutical Preparation Engineering Technology Research Center, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Dan He
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, 1# Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Bărbulescu A, Barbeș L, Dumitriu CŞ. Impact of Soil Pollution on Melliferous Plants. TOXICS 2022; 10:239. [PMID: 35622652 PMCID: PMC9147493 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aims at providing bee products and derivatives of medicinal plant consumers with a multifaceted perspective on mineral elements occurring in the soils of two forest zones in the vicinity of North Dobrogea (Romania) by (1) analyzing the pollution levels of the soils at three sites (denoted by DS, PH, and ST) in the study region, using different indicators; (2) providing the results of the transfer of metals from the soil to Sambucus nigra L. (SnL), Hypericum perforatum (Hp), and Tilia tomentosa (Tt). The statistical analysis of the series collected at these locations shows no difference between the elements' concentrations (as a whole). Still, the values of the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) classify the soils as being soils that are moderately to highly contaminated with Cd (and not contaminated with Cu, Mn, or Zn) with respect to the European background values. The cumulative indices-the degree of contamination (DC), the pollution load index (PLI), the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI), and the potential ecological risk index (PERI) indicated the highest contamination in DS (which is a tourist area). To assess the accumulation of different metals in plants, the enrichment factors (EF) were computed. In over 75% of cases, EF was above 1, indicating a high degree of enrichment with different metals. The highest values were those for Cu (41.10 in DS for SnL), and Cd (12.85 in DS for Tt). The results showed that there were different degrees of accumulation between microelements and trace elements in the plants. Tt acted as a bioaccumulator for almost all of the studied elements (K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Cd).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Bărbulescu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Transilvania University of Brașov, 5 Turnului Str., 900152 Brasov, Romania;
| | - Lucica Barbeș
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanța, 124 Mamaia Bd., 900527 Constanta, Romania
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