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Condor BE, de Luna MDG, Chang YH, Chen JH, Leong YK, Chen PT, Chen CY, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Bioethanol production from microalgae biomass at high-solids loadings. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:128002. [PMID: 36155816 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Industrial adoption of microalgae biofuel technology has always been hindered by its economic viability. To increase the feasibility of bioethanol production from microalgae, fermentation was applied to Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E biomass at high-solids loading conditions. First, Chlorella vulgaris FSP-E was cultivated to produce microalgae biomass with high carbohydrate content. Next, different ethanol-producing microorganisms were screened. Saccharomyces cerevisiae FAY-1 showed no inhibition when fermenting high initial glucose concentrations and was selected for the fermentation experiments at high-solids loadings. Optimization of acid hydrolysis at high biomass loading was also performed. The fermentation of microalgal biomass hydrolysate produced a final ethanol concentration and yield higher than most reported literature using microalgae feedstock. In addition, the kinetics of bioethanol fermentation of microalgae hydrolysate under high-solids loading were evaluated. These results showed the potential of fermenting microalgae biomass at high-solids loading in improving the viability of microalgae bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billriz E Condor
- Energy Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Mark Daniel G de Luna
- Energy Engineering Program, National Graduate School of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines
| | - Yu-Han Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Heng Chen
- Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ting Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chen
- University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan.
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Bhatt P, Bhandari G, Turco RF, Aminikhoei Z, Bhatt K, Simsek H. Algae in wastewater treatment, mechanism, and application of biomass for production of value-added product. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119688. [PMID: 35793713 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The pollutants can enter water bodies at various point and non-point sources, and wastewater discharge remains a major pathway. Wastewater treatment effectively reduces contaminants, it is expensive and requires an eco-friendly and sustainable alternative approach to reduce treatment costs. Algae have recently emerged as a potentially cost-effective method to remediate toxic pollutants through the mechanism of biosorption, bioaccumulation, and intracellular degradation. Hence, before discharging the wastewater into the natural environment better solutions for environmental resource recovery and sustainable developments can be applied. More importantly, algae are a potential feedstock material for various industrial applications such as biofuel production. Currently, researchers are developing algae as a source for pharmaceuticals, biofuels, food additives, and bio-fertilizers. This review mainly focused on the potential of algae and their specific mechanisms involved in wastewater treatment and energy recovery systems leading to important industrial precursors. The review is highly beneficial for scientists, wastewater treatment plant operators, freshwater managers, and industrial communities to support the sustainable development of natural resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhatt
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
| | - Geeta Bhandari
- Department of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, 248016, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ronald F Turco
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Zahra Aminikhoei
- Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute (IFSRI), Offshore Fisheries Research Center, Chabahar, Iran
| | - Kalpana Bhatt
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural & Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
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Pongcharoen P. The ability of Pichia kudriavzevii to tolerate multiple stresses makes it promising for developing improved bioethanol production processes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:36-44. [PMID: 35315114 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thermotolerant ethanol fermenting yeasts have been extensively used in industrial bioethanol production. However, little is known about yeast physiology under stress during bioethanol processing. This study investigated the physiological characteristics of the thermotolerant yeast Pichia kudriavzevii, strains NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6, under the multiple stresses of heat, ethanol and sodium chloride. Results showed that NUNS-4, NUNS-5 and NUNS-6 displayed higher growth rates under each stress condition than the reference strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae TISTR5606. Maximum specific growth rates under stresses of heat (45°C), 15% v/v ethanol and 1·0 M sodium chloride were 0·23 ± 0·04 (NUNS-4), 0·11 ± 0·01 (NUNS-5) and 0·15 ± 0·01 h-1 (NUNS-5), respectively. Morphological features of all yeast studied changed distinctly with the production of granules and vacuoles when exposed to ethanol, and cells were elongated under increased sodium chloride concentration. This study suggests that the three P. kudriavzevii strains are potential candidates to use in industrial-scale fermentation due to a high specific growth rate under multiple stress conditions. Multiple stress-tolerant P. kudriavzevii NUNS strains have received much attention not only for improving large-scale fuel ethanol production, but also for utilizing these strains in other biotechnological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongsanat Pongcharoen
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Research in Agricultural Biotechnology, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Huang X, Reardon KF. Strategies to achieve high productivity, high conversion, and high yield in yeast fermentation of algal biomass hydrolysate. Eng Life Sci 2022; 22:119-131. [PMID: 35382533 PMCID: PMC8961051 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of carbohydrates in biomass via fermentation is an important component of an overall strategy to decarbonize the production of fuels and chemicals. Owing to the cost and resources required to produce biomass hydrolysates, the economic and environmental sustainability of these fermentation processes requires that they operate with high yields, sugar conversion, and productivity. Immobilized-cell technology in a continuous bioprocess can achieve significantly higher volumetric productivities than is possible from standard batch fermentation using free cells. Here, we demonstrate approaches for improvement of ethanol yield from algal hydrolysates and a mock hydrolysate medium. Saccharomyces cerevisiae was immobilized in alginate and incorporated into a two-column immobilized cell reactor system. Furthermore, the yeast quorum-sensing molecule, 2-phenylethanol, was added to improve ethanol yield by restricting growth and diverting sugar to ethanol. The bioreactor system could achieve high ethanol volumetric productivity (>20 g/Lreactor·h) and high glucose conversion (>99%) in mock hydrolysate, while the addition of 0.2% 2-phenylethanol resulted in 4.9% higher ethanol yield. With an algal hydrolysate of <10 g/L sugar, the ethanol volumetric productivity reached 9.8 g/Lreactor·h, and the addition of 0.2% 2-phenylethanol increased the ethanol yield by up to 7.4%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of novel strategies to achieve sustainability goals in biomass conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Feng Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Kenneth F. Reardon
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
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Zhang K, Hong Y, Chen C, Wu YR. Unraveling the unique butyrate re-assimilation mechanism of Clostridium sp. strain WK and the application of butanol production from red seaweed Gelidium amansii through a distinct acidolytic pretreatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125939. [PMID: 34555752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of the algae-derived biobutanol synthesis has become one of the hotspots due to its highly cost-effective and environment-friendly features. In this study, a solventogenic strain Clostridium sp. strain WK produced 13.96 g/L butanol with a maximal yield of 0.41 g/g from glucose in the presence of 24 g/L butyrate. Transcriptional analysis indicated that the acid re-assimilation of this strain was predominantly regulated by genes buk-ptb rather than ctfAB, explaining its special phenotypes including high butyrate tolerance and the pH-independent fermentation. In addition, a butyric acid-mediated hydrolytic system was established for the first time to release a maximal yield of 0.35 g/g reducing sugars from the red algal biomass (Gelidium amansii). Moreover, 4.48 g/L of butanol was finally achieved with a significant enhancement by 29.9 folds. This work reveals an unconventional metabolic pathway for butanol synthesis in strain WK, and demonstrates the feasibility to develop renewable biofuels from marine resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ying Hong
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Chaoyang Chen
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yi-Rui Wu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Beijing Tidetron Bioworks Company, Beijing 100190, China.
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Patnaik R, Mallick N. Microalgal Biodiesel Production: Realizing the Sustainability Index. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:620777. [PMID: 34124015 PMCID: PMC8193856 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.620777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Search for new and renewable sources of energy has made research reach the tiny little tots, microalgae for the production of biodiesel. But despite years of research on the topic, a definitive statement, declaring microalgae as an economically, environmentally, and socially sustainable resource is yet to be seen or heard of. With technological and scientific glitches being blamed for this delay in the progress of the production system, an assessment of the sustainability indices achieved so far by the microalgal biodiesel is important to be done so as to direct future research efforts in a more coordinated manner to achieve the sustainability mark. This article provides a review of the current economic, environmental, and social status of microalgal biodiesel and the strategies adopted to achieve them, with suggestions to address the challenges faced by the microalgal biodiesel production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeza Patnaik
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Nirupama Mallick
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Romero-Frasca E, Velasquez-Orta SB, Escobar-Sánchez V, Tinoco-Valencia R, Orta Ledesma MT. Bioprospecting of wild type ethanologenic yeast for ethanol fuel production from wastewater-grown microalgae. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:93. [PMID: 33836818 PMCID: PMC8035739 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild-type yeasts have been successfully used to obtain food products, yet their full potential as fermenting microorganisms for large-scale ethanol fuel production has to be determined. In this study, wild-type ethanologenic yeasts isolated from a secondary effluent were assessed for their capability to ferment saccharified microalgae sugars. RESULTS Yeast species in wastewater were identified sequencing the Internal Transcribed Spacers 1 and 2 regions of the ribosomal cluster. Concurrently, microalgae biomass sugars were saccharified via acid hydrolysis, producing 5.0 ± 0.3 g L-1 of fermentable sugars. Glucose consumption and ethanol production of yeasts in hydrolyzed-microalgae liquor were tested at different initial sugar concentrations and fermentation time. The predominant ethanologenic yeast species was identified as Candida sp., and glucose consumption for this strain and S. cerevisiae achieved 75% and 87% of the initial concentration at optimal conditions, respectively. Relatively similar ethanol yields were determined for both species, achieving 0.45 ± 0.05 (S. cerevisiae) and 0.46 ± 0.05 g ethanol per g glucose (Candida sp.). CONCLUSION Overall, the results provide a first insight of the fermentation capacities of specific wild-type Candida species, and their potential role in ethanol industries seeking to improve their cost-efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Romero-Frasca
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Viviana Escobar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raunel Tinoco-Valencia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Unidad de Escalamiento Y Planta Piloto, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María Teresa Orta Ledesma
- Instituto de Ingeniería, Coordinación de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-472, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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