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Zhang X, Wang J, Zhang T, Li S, Liu J, Li M, Lu J, Zhang M, Chen H. Updated Progress on Polysaccharides with Anti-Diabetic Effects through the Regulation of Gut Microbiota: Sources, Mechanisms, and Structure-Activity Relationships. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:456. [PMID: 38675416 PMCID: PMC11053653 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common chronic metabolic disease worldwide. The disturbance of the gut microbiota has a complex influence on the development of DM. Polysaccharides are one type of the most important natural components with anti-diabetic effects. Gut microbiota can participate in the fermentation of polysaccharides, and through this, polysaccharides regulate the gut microbiota and improve DM. This review begins by a summary of the sources, anti-diabetic effects and the gut microbiota regulation functions of natural polysaccharides. Then, the mechanisms of polysaccharides in regulating the gut microbiota to exert anti-diabetic effects and the structure-activity relationship are summarized. It is found that polysaccharides from plants, fungi, and marine organisms show great hypoglycemic activities and the gut microbiota regulation functions. The mechanisms mainly include repairing the gut burrier, reshaping gut microbiota composition, changing the metabolites, regulating anti-inflammatory activity and immune function, and regulating the signal pathways. Structural characteristics of polysaccharides, such as monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and type of glycosidic linkage, show great influence on the anti-diabetic activity of polysaccharides. This review provides a reference for the exploration and development of the anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Shuqin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Mingyue Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingyang Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Min Zhang
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (X.Z.); (J.W.); (T.Z.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (J.L.)
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Niebrzydowska-Tatus M, Pełech A, Bień K, Rekowska AK, Domańska A, Kimber-Trojnar Ż, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B, Trojnar M. Substance P Concentration in Gestational Diabetes and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Its Impact on Neonatal Anthropometry. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3759. [PMID: 38612572 PMCID: PMC11011445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fetal programming is a process initiated by intrauterine conditions, leaving a lasting impact on the offspring's health, whether they manifest immediately or later in life. It is believed that children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) may be at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity later in their adult lives. Substance P is a neurotransmitter associated with obesity development and impairment of insulin signaling. Dysregulation of substance P could lead to several pregnancy pathologies, such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. Our study aimed to compare substance P concentrations in serum and umbilical cord blood in patients with GDM, EGWG, and healthy women with a family history of gestational weight gain. Substance P levels in umbilical cord blood were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to the EGWG and control groups. Substance P levels in serum and umbilical cord blood were positively correlated in all groups and the GDM group. A very interesting direction for future research is the relationship between the concentration of substance P in newborns of diabetic mothers and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of impaired surfactant synthesis. To our knowledge, it is the first study assessing substance P concentration in GDM and EGWG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niebrzydowska-Tatus
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Aleksandra Pełech
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Katarzyna Bień
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Anna K. Rekowska
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Aleksandra Domańska
- Student’s Scientific Association at the Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (K.B.); (A.K.R.); (A.D.)
| | - Żaneta Kimber-Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Bożena Leszczyńska-Gorzelak
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.P.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Marcin Trojnar
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
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Sun Z, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xu Y. Animal Models of Type 2 Diabetes Complications: A Review. Endocr Res 2024; 49:46-58. [PMID: 37950485 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2023.2278049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial metabolic disease, of which type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most common. The complications of diabetes are far more harmful than diabetes itself. Type 2 diabetes complications include diabetic nephropathy (DN), diabetic heart disease, diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) et al. Many animal models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of T2D and discover an effective strategy to treat its consequences. In this sense, it is crucial to choose the right animal model for the corresponding diabetic complication. This paper summarizes and classifies the animal modeling approaches to T2D complications and provides a comprehensive review of their advantages and disadvantages. It is hopeful that this paper will provide theoretical support for animal trials of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Sun
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
| | - Yadi Liu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
| | - Yonghua Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, Taipa, PR China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao SAR, Taipa, PR China
- Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, PR China
- Macau University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute, Hengqin, Zhuhai, PR China
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4
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Wang F, Zhong W, Yang Q, Zhao W, Liu X, Rao B, Lin X, Zhang J. Distribution and synaptic organization of substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the mouse retina. Brain Struct Funct 2023; 228:1703-1724. [PMID: 37481742 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-023-02688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP), a neuroprotective peptidergic neurotransmitter, is known to have immunoreactivity (IR) localized to amacrine and/or ganglion cells in a variety of species' retinas, but it has not yet been studied in the mouse retina. Thus, we investigated the distribution and synaptic organization of SP-IR by confocal and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry in the mouse retina. SP-IR was distributed in the inner nuclear layer (INL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and ganglion cell layer (GCL). Most of the SP-IR somas belonged to amacrine cells (2.5% of all) in the INL and their processes stratified into the S1, S3, and S5 layers of the IPL, with the most intense band in the S5 layer. Some SP-IR somas can also be observed in the GCL, which were identified as displaced amacrine cells (82%, 1269/1550) and ganglion cells (18%, 281/1550) by antibodies against AP2α and RBPMS, respectively. Such SP-IR ganglion cells (1.2% of all RGCs) can be further divided into 3 subgroups expressing SP/α-Synuclein (α-Syn), SP/GAD67, and/or SP/GAD67/α-Syn. Possible physiological and pathological roles of these ganglion cells are discussed. Further, electron microscopy evidence demonstrates that SP-IR amacrine cells receive major inputs from other SP-IR amacrine cell processes (146/242 inputs) and output mostly to SP-negative amacrine cell processes (291/673 outputs), suggesting series inhibition among amacrine cells. These results reveal for the first time an explicit distribution, novel ganglion cell features, and synaptic organization of SP-IR in the mouse retina, which is important for the future use of mouse models to study the roles of SP in healthy and diseased (including Parkinson's disease) retinal states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Qingwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenna Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bilin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Maran JJ, Adesina MM, Green CR, Kwakowsky A, Mugisho OO. Retinal inner nuclear layer thickness in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment explored using a C57BL/6J mouse model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8150. [PMID: 37208533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) affects over 55 million people worldwide and is characterized by cognitive impairment (CI). This study aimed to develop a non-invasive diagnostic test for CI based upon retinal thickness measurements explored in a mouse model. Discrimination indices and retinal layer thickness of healthy C57BL/6J mice were quantified through a novel object recognition test (NORT) and ocular coherence tomography (OCT), respectively. Based on criteria from the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed. (DSM-V), a diagnostic test was generated by transforming data into rolling monthly averages and categorizing mice into those with and without CI and those with a high or low decline in retinal layer thickness. Only inner nuclear layer thickness had a statistically significant relationship with discrimination indices. Furthermore, our diagnostic test was 85.71% sensitive and 100% specific for diagnosing CI, with a positive predictive value of 100%. These findings have potential clinical implications for the early diagnosis of CI in NCD. However, further investigation in comorbid mice and humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Maran
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Moradeke M Adesina
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Kwakowsky
- Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Odunayo O Mugisho
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Ophthalmology and The New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Rodent Models of Diabetic Retinopathy as a Useful Research Tool to Study Neurovascular Cross-Talk. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020262. [PMID: 36829539 PMCID: PMC9952991 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases leading to dysfunction of various organs, including ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nowadays, DR treatments involve invasive options and are applied at the sight-threatening stages of DR. It is important to investigate noninvasive or pharmacological methods enabling the disease to be controlled at the early stage or to prevent ocular complications. Animal models are useful in DR laboratory practice, and this review is dedicated to them. The first part describes the characteristics of the most commonly used genetic rodent models in DR research. The second part focuses on the main chemically induced models. The authors pay particular attention to the streptozotocin model. Moreover, this section is enriched with practical aspects and contains the current protocols used in research in the last three years. Both parts include suggestions on which aspect of DR can be tested using a given model and the disadvantages of each model. Although animal models show huge variability, they are still an important and irreplaceable research tool. Note that the choice of a research model should be thoroughly considered and dependent on the aspect of the disease to be analyzed.
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Yu Y, Lu Q, Chen F, Wang S, Niu C, Liao J, Wang H, Chen F. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis of the mechanisms of evodiamine on type 2 diabetes mellitus model rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:6623-6635. [PMID: 35635367 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04396j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evodiamine (EVO) is an alkaloid extracted from Evodia rutaecarpa and has various pharmacological activities, including hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-infective, and antitumor effects. However, the therapeutic effects of EVO on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the possible mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we used a T2DM rat model using a high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozotocin (STZ) injections followed by treatment with EVO. First, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of EVO on T2DM rats, following which we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of EVO on T2DM rats. Finally, we analyzed the metabolic regulatory mechanism of EVO in T2DM rats using an untargeted metabolomics approach. The results showed that EVO treatment alleviated the hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and pathological changes of the liver, pancreas and kidneys in T2DM rats. Moreover, EVO treatment ameliorated the oxidative stress and decreased the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in T2DM model rats. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis indicated that the EVO treatment affected the levels of 26 metabolites, such as methionine, citric acid, cholesterol, taurocholic acid, pilocarpine, adrenic acid, and other metabolites. These metabolites were mainly related to the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism pathways. In conclusion, EVO can reduce blood glucose and improve oxidative stress and inflammatory response in T2DM rats. These functions are related to the regulation of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejie Yu
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Qinyan Lu
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Shangli Wang
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Chunxiang Niu
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Jiabao Liao
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hongwu Wang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiaxing 314001, China.
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The Neuropeptide-Related HERC5/TAC1 Interactions May Be Associated with the Dysregulation of lncRNA GAS5 Expression in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Exosomes. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8075285. [PMID: 35178132 PMCID: PMC8847027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8075285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The goal of this work was to look at the expression and probable role of exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as forecast the importance of its interaction with neuropeptides in the progression of the disease. Methods We divided 44 pregnant women visiting the obstetric outpatient clinics at the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College from January 2021 to December 2021 into healthy and GDM groups. We measured the expression levels of the lncRNA GAS5 in peripheral blood using PCR and compared the expression levels between the 2 groups. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the R software were used to analyse the differences in the genes expressed in the amniotic fluid cells in the GDM and normal groups. catRAPID was used to identify potential target proteins for GAS5. Key neuropeptide-related proteins and potential target proteins of GAS5 were extracted, and protein interaction networks were mapped. AlphaFold 2 was used to predict the structure of the target protein. The ClusPro tool was used to predict protein-protein interactions. ZDOCK was used to further confirm the protein–nucleic acid docking. Results The lncRNA GAS5 was downregulated in the peripheral blood of pregnant women with GDM compared with normal pregnant women. The subcellular localization sites of GAS5 were the nucleus, cytoplasm, and ribosome; in addition, GAS5 was present in exosomes. Intercellular interactions, including neuropeptide receptors, were increased in the amniotic fluid cells of patients with GDM. Venn diagram analysis yielded seven neuropeptide-related proteins and three GAS5 target proteins. Among them, HERC5/TAC1 interacted and GAS5 docked well with HERC5. Conclusion The lncRNA GAS5 in the peripheral blood exosomes in patients with GDM may be a new target for the detection of GDM, and the interaction between GAS5 and HERC5/TAC1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GDM.
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Pöstyéni E, Ganczer A, Kovács-Valasek A, Gabriel R. Relevance of Peptide Homeostasis in Metabolic Retinal Degenerative Disorders: Curative Potential in Genetically Modified Mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:808315. [PMID: 35095518 PMCID: PMC8793341 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.808315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian retina contains approximately 30 neuropeptides that are synthetized by different neuronal cell populations, glia, and the pigmented epithelium. The presence of these neuropeptides leaves a mark on normal retinal molecular processes and physiology, and they are also crucial in fighting various pathologies (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, ischemia, age-related pathologies, glaucoma) because of their protective abilities. Retinal pathologies of different origin (metabolic, genetic) are extensively investigated by genetically manipulated in vivo mouse models that help us gain a better understanding of the molecular background of these pathomechanisms. These models offer opportunities to manipulate gene expression in different cell types to help reveal their roles in the preservation of retinal health or identify malfunction during diseases. In order to assess the current status of transgenic technologies available, we have conducted a literature survey focused on retinal disorders of metabolic origin, zooming in on the role of retinal neuropeptides in diabetic retinopathy and ischemia. First, we identified those neuropeptides that are most relevant to retinal pathologies in humans and the two clinically most relevant models, mice and rats. Then we continued our analysis with metabolic disorders, examining neuropeptide-related pathways leading to systemic or cellular damage and rescue. Last but not least, we reviewed the available literature on genetically modified mouse strains to understand how the manipulation of a single element of any given pathway (e.g., signal molecules, receptors, intracellular signaling pathways) could lead either to the worsening of disease conditions or, more frequently, to substantial improvements in retinal health. Most attention was given to studies which reported successful intervention against specific disorders. For these experiments, a detailed evaluation will be given and the possible role of converging intracellular pathways will be discussed. Using these converging intracellular pathways, curative effects of peptides could potentially be utilized in fighting metabolic retinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etelka Pöstyéni
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Alma Ganczer
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Robert Gabriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Tao R, Qu Z, Zhang K, Chen J, Wang X, Deng Y. Substance P modulates BMSCs migration for tissue repair through NK-1R/CXCR4/p-Akt signal activation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2227-2236. [PMID: 35034285 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07044-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the wound site played an important role in tissue repair. Substance P (SP) has been studied and reported to be involved in tissue repair by promoting the growth of endothelial cells and the migration of BMSCs. However, the complicated process and the molecular mechanisms were not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of SP-induced BMSCs migration on tissue repair and its possible mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot and q-PCR assay revealed that SP could induce the BMSCs migration through overexpression of CXCR4 and upregulation of Akt phosphorylation. And the upregulation was related to the activation of neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R). Besides, we found that the increased phosphorylation Akt caused by SP could be canceled by the inhibition of CXCR4 both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, a skin-injury animal model was established and used to observe the tissue repair process. Results showed that SP could accelerate wound closure, gain more granulation tissue accumulation, and more collagen deposition through the promotion of angiogenesis and induction of the BMSCs migration to the wound site. And these effects could be impaired by inhibition of CXCR4 and p-Akt. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that SP promoted tissue repair through BMSCs migration via upregulation of CXCR4 and p-Akt. The expression of CXCR4 and p-Akt were regulated by NK-1R activation. These findings add more evidence in understanding the mechanisms of SP-induced BMSCs migration and highlight the potential for clinical implementation of SP in tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Qu
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Day Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Deng
- Department of Essential Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Yin W, Zhang SQ, Pang WL, Chen XJ, Wen J, Hou J, Wang C, Song LY, Qiu ZM, Liang PT, Yuan JL, Yang ZS, Bian Y. Tang-Ping-San Decoction Remodel Intestinal Flora and Barrier to Ameliorate Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rodent Model. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2563-2581. [PMID: 36035516 PMCID: PMC9400815 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s375572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex genetic disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that changes in the gut microbiota may affect the development of host metabolic diseases and promote the progression of T2DM. Tang-ping-san (TPS) decoction can effectively treat T2DM. However, its specific mechanisms must be evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the present study, we established an animal model of T2DM using a high‑fat diet (HFD) with intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin injection. RESULTS The therapeutic effect of TPS decoction on T2DM in mice was initially evaluated. TPS decoction was found to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and pathological liver, pancreatic, and colon changes. Moreover, it reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Based on 16SrRNA sequencing, TPS decoction reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level. At the genus level, it increased the relative abundances of Akkermansia, Muribaculaceae, and the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and decreased the relative abundance of Fusobacterium, Escherichia coli, Dubosiella, and Helicobacter. CONCLUSION TPS decoction improves T2DM and liver function and reduces the risk of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, pathological organ changes, and inflammatory reactions. The mechanism of TPS decoction in T2DM can be correlated with the reversal of gut microbiota dysfunction and repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yin
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Qi Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Lin Pang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Chen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Wen
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiong Hou
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cui Wang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Yun Song
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ming Qiu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng-Tao Liang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Li Yuan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Shan Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Zhong-Shan Yang; Yao Bian, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-871-65919932, Email ;
| | - Yao Bian
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Sinomedicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China
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Meng Z, Chen H, Deng C, Meng S. Potential cellular endocrinology mechanisms underlying the effects of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on asthma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916328. [PMID: 36051395 PMCID: PMC9424672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex syndrome with polygenetic tendency and multiple phenotypes, which has variable expiratory airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms that vary over time and in intensity. In recent years, continuous industrial development has seriously impacted the climate and air quality at a global scale. It has been verified that climate change can induce asthma in predisposed individuals and that atmospheric pollution can exacerbate asthma severity. At present, a subset of patients is resistant to the drug therapy for asthma. Hence, it is urgent to find new ideas for asthma prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the prescription, composition, formulation, and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, traditional Chinese medicine monomer complex, single herbs, and traditional Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on asthma from the perspective of cellular endocrinology in the past decade, emphasizing on the roles as intracellular and extracellular messengers of three substances-hormones, substances secreted by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and neuroendocrine-related signaling protein-which provide the theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxi Meng,
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Xie X, Liao J, Ai Y, Gao J, Zhao J, Qu F, Xu C, Zhang Z, Wen W, Cui H, Wang H. Pi-Dan-Jian-Qing Decoction Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through Regulating the Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:748872. [PMID: 34938667 PMCID: PMC8685325 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.748872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pi-Dan-Jian-Qing decoction (PDJQ) can been used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinic. However, the protective mechanisms of PDJQ on T2DM remain unknown. Recent studies have shown that the changes in gut microbiota could affect the host metabolism and contribute to progression of T2DM. In this study, we first investigated the therapeutic effects of PDJQ on T2DM rats. 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analyses were used to investigate the mechanisms of action of PDJQ in the treatment of T2DM. Our results showed that PDJQ treatment could improve the hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance (IR) and pathological changes of liver, pancreas, kidney, and colon in T2DM rats. PDJQ could also decrease the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibit the oxidative stress. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that PDJQ could decrease the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F to B) ratio at the phylum level. At the genus level, PDJQ could increase the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Blautia, Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio and Akkermansia and decrease the relative abundance of Prevotella. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that PDJQ could regulate tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and tyrosine metabolism pathways. Correlation analysis indicated that the modulatory effects of PDJQ on the tryptophan metabolism, histidine metabolism and TCA cycle pathways were related to alterations in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Akkermansia. In conclusion, our study revealed the various ameliorative effects of PDJQ on T2DM, including improving the liver and kidney functions and alleviating the hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, IR, pathological changes, oxidative stress and inflammatory response. The mechanisms of PDJQ on T2DM are likely linked to an improvement in the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and modulation of tryptophan metabolism, histamine metabolism, and the TCA cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Xie
- First College of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiabao Liao
- Department of Emergency, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Diabetic Angiopathy Research, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanliang Ai
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinmei Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujian People's Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Fei Qu
- Department of Emergency, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaiyi Zhang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Weibo Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Huantian Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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