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Cheng X, Xiao K, Jiang W, Peng G, Chen P, Shu T, Huang H, Shi X, Yang J. Selection, identification and evaluation of optimal reference genes in Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) under polypropylene microplastics stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170894. [PMID: 38367736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) are emerging environmental contaminants that have the potential to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms. Reverse transcriptase quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a valuable tool for assessing the gene expression profiles under PP-MPs stress. To obtain an accurate gene expression profile of tissue inflammation and apoptosis that reflects the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of PP-MPs on Chinese sturgeon, identifying reliable reference genes is crucial for RT-qPCR analysis. In this study, we constructed an experiment model of Chinese sturgeon exposed to PP-MPs, assessed the pathological injury, metabolic profile responses and oxidative stress in liver, evaluated the reliability of 8 reliable reference genes by 4 commonly used algorithms including GeNorm, NormFinder, BeatKeeper, Delta Ct, and then analyzed the performance of inflammatory response genes in liver, spleen and kidney with the best reference gene. HE staining revealed that the cytoplasm full small vacuoles and nucleus diameter increased were occurred in the liver cell of PP-MPs in treatment groups. Additionally, oxidative and biochemical parameters were significantly changes in the liver of treatment groups. For the reference genes in PP-MPs exposure experiments, this study screening the optimal reference genes including: EF1α and GAPDH for liver and spleen, and GAPDH and RPS18 for kidney. Besides, 2 inflammatory response genes (NLRP3, TNF-α) were chosen to assess the optimal reference genes using the least stable reference gene (TUB) as a control, verified the practicality of the select reference genes in different tissues. We also found that the low concentration of PP-MPs could induce the liver tissue damage and inflammatory response in Chinese sturgeon. Our study initially evaluated the impact of short-time exposure with PP-MPs in Chinese sturgeon and provided 3 sets of validated optimal reference genes in Chinese sturgeon exposure to PP-MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Guangyuan Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Tingting Shu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Hongtao Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Xuetao Shi
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China; Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, Hubei 443100, China.
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Karnatak G, Das BK, Puthiyottil M, Devi MS, Paria P, Rajesh M, Sarkar UK, Behera BK, Tiwari VK, Chadha NK, Kumari S. Influence of stocking density and environmental factors on the expression of insulin-like growth factors in cage-reared butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus, Bloch 1794) within a large reservoir ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123181-123192. [PMID: 37979103 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In vertebrates, insulin-like growth like factors (IGFs) play an important role in growth and other physiological processes. The GH-IGF axis is considered a valuable tool to monitor fish growth performance. Herein, we report the molecular characterization of igf-1, igf-2, and β-actin transcripts and relative expression of igf-1 and igf-2 in the liver and muscle tissue of cage-reared butter catfish, Ompok bimaculatus, in response to different stocking densities (T1, 15 fingerlings m-3; T2, 25 fingerlings m-3; and T3, 35 fingerlings m-3) over 180 days of culture duration. The length of the partial amplified transcript sequence of Obigf-1, Obigf-2, and Obβ-actin was 325, 438, and 924 bp, respectively. Phylogenetically, Obigf-1 and Obigf-2 were closely clustered with catfishes, viz., Clarias magur, Bagarius yarrelli, and Silurus asotus. The expression of igf-1 was significantly downregulated in the liver at higher densities after 120 days as biomass in the cages increased, while igf-2 expression did not change with the stocking densities over the culture period. Cortisol concentration was significantly elevated in T3 groups post 150 days of the culture period and correlated negatively with the expression of igf-1 (p < 0.05) and igf-2 (p > 0.05). Environmental parameters, pH, TDS, hardness, conductivity, and alkalinity showed a significant positive correlation with hepatic IGF expression. Our study indicates that the liver-derived igf-1 plays a more important role in the regulation of growth in response to culture density in the species studied, and thus, igf-1 can be used effectively as a biomarker for growth. Furthermore, this study will help in planning a proper harvest schedule and optimize the culture practices of O. bimaculatus in an open water cage system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Karnatak
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India.
| | - Mishal Puthiyottil
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Prasenjit Paria
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Manchi Rajesh
- Fish Nutritional Physiology Lab, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Suman Kumari
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India
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Zheng Y, Zhang Y, Xie Z, Shin PKS, Xu J, Fan H, Zhuang P, Hu M, Wang Y. Seasonal Changes of Growth, Immune Parameters and Liver Function in Wild Chinese Sturgeons Under Indoor Conditions: Implication for Artificial Rearing. Front Physiol 2022; 13:894729. [PMID: 35514333 PMCID: PMC9062076 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.894729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonality has a significant effect on the physiology of fish, especially the effect of water temperature changes. In the present study, the growth, innate immune parameters and liver function indices of two rescued wild adult Chinese sturgeons under captive conditions were monitored for 1 year. The results showed that the total annual weight loss rate of the male was −4.58% and the total weight gain rate of the female was 24.12%, in which the weight of both individuals registered highly significant differences in summer, fall and winter (p < 0.01). The male Chinese sturgeon also exhibited negative specific growth rates (−0.1 to −0.8%) during spring to fall, whereas positive specific growth rates, ranging from 0.03 to 0.11%, were recorded in the female. Seasonality also affected the innate immune parameters of the two Chinese sturgeons, in which leukocytes had been increasing since spring and C-reactive protein (CRP) content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in summer than fall in both individuals. The CRP level of the male Chinese sturgeon showed a significant increase from fall to winter (p < 0.05), suggesting that it may have contracted infection or inflammation during this study period. With the analysis of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), transaminase (AST:ALT) ratio, alkaline phosphatase, albumin to globulin ratio and triglycerides, it was found that the liver function of the captive Chinese sturgeons was adversely affected along seasonal changes, with the highest degree of liver impairment in winter. In combining observations from growth performance and changes in innate immune and liver function parameters, the present findings deduced that the male Chinese sturgeon under study was more susceptible to seasonal changes than the female. For better indoor culture of adult Chinese sturgeons, monitoring of hematological parameters to detect early signs of inflammation and liver function abnormality should be conducted with routine veterinary care during prolonged captivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zheng
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences & College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences & College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Xie
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences & College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul K S Shin
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jianan Xu
- Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Houyong Fan
- Shanghai Aquatic Wildlife Research Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of East China Sea & Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resources and Environment of East China Sea and Yangtze Estuary, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences & College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youji Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences & College of Fisheries and Life Science at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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