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Jiang XL, Wang Y, Lu YF, Li JJ, Zhou C, Bao WS. Security Analysis of Sending or Not-Sending Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution with Weak Randomness. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1339. [PMID: 37420359 PMCID: PMC9601324 DOI: 10.3390/e24101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Sending-or-not sending twin-field quantum key distribution (SNS TF-QKD) has the advantage of tolerating large amounts of misalignment errors, and its key rate can exceed the linear bound of repeaterless quantum key distribution. However, the weak randomness in a practical QKD system may lower the secret key rate and limit its achievable communication distance, thus compromising its performance. In this paper, we analyze the effects of the weak randomness on the SNS TF-QKD. The numerical simulation shows that SNS TF-QKD can still have an excellent performance under the weak random condition: the secret key rate can exceed the PLOB boundary and achieve long transmission distances. Furthermore, our simulation results also show that SNS TF-QKD is more robust to the weak randomness loopholes than the BB84 protocol and the measurement-device-independent QKD (MDI-QKD). Our results emphasize that keeping the randomness of the states is significant to the protection of state preparation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Jiang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi-Fei Lu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jia-Ji Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wan-Su Bao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography, SSF IEU, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Gao RQ, Xie YM, Gu J, Liu WB, Weng CX, Li BH, Yin HL, Chen ZB. Simple security proof of coherent-one-way quantum key distribution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23783-23795. [PMID: 36225053 DOI: 10.1364/oe.461669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Coherent-one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD), which requires a simple experimental setup and has the ability to withstand photon-number-splitting attacks, has been not only experimentally implemented but also commercially applied. However, recent studies have shown that the current COW-QKD system is insecure and can only distribute secret keys safely within 20 km of the optical fiber length. In this study, we propose a practical implementation of COW-QKD by adding a two-pulse vacuum state as a new decoy sequence. This proposal maintains the original experimental setup as well as the simplicity of its implementation. Utilizing detailed observations on the monitoring line to provide an analytical upper bound on the phase error rate, we provide a high-performance COW-QKD asymptotically secure against coherent attacks. This ensures the availability of COW-QKD within 100 km and establishes theoretical foundations for further applications.
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A Review of Security Evaluation of Practical Quantum Key Distribution System. ENTROPY 2022; 24:e24020260. [PMID: 35205554 PMCID: PMC8870823 DOI: 10.3390/e24020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although the unconditional security of quantum key distribution (QKD) has been widely studied, the imperfections of the practical devices leave potential loopholes for Eve to spy the final key. Thus, how to evaluate the security of QKD with realistic devices is always an interesting and opening question. In this paper, we briefly review the development of quantum hacking and security evaluation technology for a practical decoy state BB84 QKD system. The security requirement and parameters in each module (source, encoder, decoder and detector) are discussed, and the relationship between quantum hacking and security parameter are also shown.
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