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Zhang Y, Chen H, Shi X, Almeida R, Walker R, Lin X, Cheng X, Deng H, Chen Z, Hu X. Reconciling patterns of long-term topographic growth with coseismic uplift by synchronous duplex thrusting. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8073. [PMID: 38057349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
How long-term changes in surface topography relate to coseismic uplift is key to understanding the creation of high elevations along active mountain fronts, and remains hotly debated. Here we investigate this link by modeling the development of growth strata and the folding of river terraces above the Pishan duplex system in the southern Tarim Basin. We show that synchronous duplex thrusting of two neighboring faults with varying slip rates, associated with in-sequence propagation of the Pishan thrust system, is required to explain the presence of opposite-dipping panels of growth strata on the duplex front, and basinward migration of terrace fold crests. Importantly, this process of synchronous thrusting within the duplex reconciles the discrepancy between the deformation of terrace folds at the 10-1-100 million-year timescale and the maximum coseismic uplift of the 2015 Mw 6.4 Pishan earthquake on the frontal thrust. These results suggest that topography mismatch at different time scales can reflect the long-term kinematic evolution of fault systems. Thus, our study highlights the importance of characterizing complex subsurface fault kinematics for studying topographic growth, and motivates rethinking of the mountain building process in worldwide active fold-and-thrust belts, from short-term to long-term timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanlin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xuhua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
- Xinjiang Pamir Intracontinental Subduction National Observation and Research Station, Beijing, China.
| | - Rafael Almeida
- Department of Geological Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA
| | - Richard Walker
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiubin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongdan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Geoscience Big Data and Deep Resource of Zhejiang Province, School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Center for Structures in Oil and Gas Bearing Basins, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuxin Chen
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
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Detecting and Analyzing the Displacement of a Small-Magnitude Earthquake Cluster in Rong County, China by the GACOS Based InSAR Technology. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13204137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of small-magnitude earthquakes (Mw 2.9~Mw 4.9) occurred in Rong County, Sichuan Province, China between 30 March 2018 and December 2020, which threatened the safety of local residents. Determining the surface displacement and estimating the damage caused by these earthquakes are significant for earthquake relief, post-earthquake disaster assessment and hazard elimination. This paper integrates the Generic Atmospheric Correction Online Service (GACOS) with interferometry synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) to accurately detect the displacement of the series of small-magnitude earthquakes in Rong County based on 45 Sentinel-1 ascending/descending images acquired from January 2018 to December 2020. We analyze the influence of some factors involved in surface displacement, including earthquake magnitude, focal depth and the distance from the epicenter to the fault. The above measurement for small-magnitude earthquakes and statistics analysis for the displacement have not been performed before, so this can help better understand the displacement features of small-magnitude earthquakes, which are important for post-earthquake hazard assessment and disaster prevention.
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Zhang CC, Shi B, Zhang S, Gu K, Liu SP, Gong XL, Wei GQ. Microanchored borehole fiber optics allows strain profiling of the shallow subsurface. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9173. [PMID: 33911130 PMCID: PMC8080621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical deformation profiles of subterranean geological formations are conventionally measured by borehole extensometry. Distributed strain sensing (DSS) paired with fiber-optic cables installed in the ground opens up possibilities for acquiring high-resolution static and quasistatic strain profiles of deforming strata, but it is currently limited by reduced data quality due to complicated patterns of interaction between the buried cables and their surroundings, especially in upper soil layers under low confining pressures. Extending recent DSS studies, we present an improved approach using microanchored fiber-optic cables—designed to optimize ground-to-cable coupling at the near surface—for strain determination along entire lengths of vertical boreholes. We proposed a novel criterion for soil–cable coupling evaluation based on the geotechnical bearing capacity theory. We applied this enhanced methodology to monitor groundwater-related vertical motions in both laboratory and field experiments. Corroborating extensometer recordings, acquired simultaneously, validated fiber optically determined displacements, suggesting microanchored DSS as an improved means for detecting and monitoring shallow subsurface strain profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Yuxiu Postdoctoral Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Nanjing University High-Tech Institute at Suzhou, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Shi
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Song Zhang
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Gu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Ping Liu
- School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu-Long Gong
- Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures Geological Disaster, Ministry of Natural Resources, Geological Survey of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210080, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Qing Wei
- Suzhou NanZee Sensing Technology Ltd., Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
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