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Ma Q, Dai D, Cao Y, Yu Q, Cheng X, Zhu M, Ding J, Li C, Guo W, Zhou G, Zhu X. Optimal N management affects the fate of urea- 15N and improves N uptake and utilization of wheat in different rotation systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1438215. [PMID: 39119496 PMCID: PMC11308437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1438215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Rice-wheat and maize-wheat rotations are major cropping systems in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River in China, where high nitrogen (N) inputs and low N efficiency often exacerbate resource waste and environmental pollution. Due to the changes in factors such as soil properties and moisture content, the N fate and the N utilization characteristics of wheat in different rotations are significantly different. Efficient N management strategies are thus urgently required for promoting maximum wheat yield in different rotation systems while reducing N loss. A 2-year field experiment using isotopic (15N) tracer technique was conducted to evaluate the fate of 15N-labeled urea in wheat fields and the distribution characteristics of N derived from different sources. The wheat yield and N use efficiency under various N rates (180 and 240 kg ha-1, abbreviated as N180 and N240) and preceding crops (rice and maize, abbreviated as R-wheat and M-wheat) were also investigated. The results showed that N240 increased N uptake and grain yield by only 8.77-14.97% and 2.51-4.49% compared with N 180, but decreased N agronomic efficiency (NAE) and N physiological efficiency (NPE) by 14.78-18.79% and 14.06-31.35%. N240 also decreased N recovery in plants by 2.8% on average compared with N180, and increased N residue in soil and N loss to the environment. Compared with that of basal N, the higher proportion of topdressing N was absorbed by wheat rather than lost to the environment. In addition, the accumulation of topdressing N in grain was much higher than that of basal N. Compared with that in R-wheat treatment, plants in M-wheat treatment trended to absorb more 15N and reduce unaccounted N loss, resulting in higher yield potential. Moreover, the M-wheat treatment increased N recovery in 0-20 cm soil but decreased 80-100 cm soil compared with R-wheat treatment, indicating a lower risk of N loss in deeper soil. Collectively, reducing N application rate and increasing the topdressing ratio is an effective way to balance sustainable crop yield for a secure food supply and environmental benefit, which is more urgent in rice-wheat rotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiyang Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Ma Q, Tao R, Jia W, Zhu M, Ding J, Li C, Guo W, Zhou G, Zhu X. Split application of polymer-coated urea combined with common urea improved nitrogen efficiency without sacrificing wheat yield and benefits while saving 20% nitrogen input. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1321900. [PMID: 38375082 PMCID: PMC10875009 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1321900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) has been expected to save labor input, reduce environmental pollution, and increase yield in crop production. However, the economic feasibility is still controversial due to its high cost. To clarify the suitable application strategy of CRNF in promoting the yield, nitrogen use efficiency and income on wheat grown in paddy soil, four equal N patterns were designed in 2017-2021 with polymer-coated urea (PCU) and common urea as material, including PCU applied once pre-sowing (M1), PCU applied 60% at pre-sowing and 40% at re-greening (M2), 30% PCU and 30% urea applied at pre-sowing, 20% PCU and 20% urea applied at re-greening (M3), and urea applied at four stage (CK, Basal:tillering:jointing:booting=50%:10%:20%:20%). In addition, M4-M6, which reduced N by 10%, 20% and 30% respectively based on M3, were designed in 2019-2021 to explore their potential for N-saving and efficiency-improving. The results showed that, compared with CK, M1 did not significantly reduce yield, but decreased the average N recovery efficiency (NRE) and benefits by 1.63% and 357.71 CNY ha-1 in the four years, respectively. M2 and M3 promoted tiller-earing, delayed the decrease of leaf area index (LAI) at milk-ripening stage, and increased dry matter accumulation post-anthesis, thereby jointly increasing spike number and grain weight of wheat, which significantly increased yield and NRE compared with CK in 2017-2021. Due to the savings in N fertilizer costs, M3 achieved the highest economic benefits. With the 20% N reduction, M5 increased NRE by 16.95% on average while decreasing yield and net benefit by only 6.39% and 7.40% respectively, compared with M3. Although NRE could continue to increase, but the yield and benefits rapidly decreased after N reduction exceeds 20%. These results demonstrate that twice-split application of PCU combined with urea is conducive to achieving a joint increase in yield, NRE, and benefits. More importantly, it can also significantly improve the NRE without losing yield and benefits while saving 20% N input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Vishwakarma DK, Kumar R, Abed SA, Al-Ansari N, Kumar A, Kushwaha NL, Yadav D, Kumawat A, Kuriqi A, Alataway A, Dewidar AZ, Mattar MA. Modeling of soil moisture movement and wetting behavior under point-source trickle irrigation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14981. [PMID: 37696862 PMCID: PMC10495428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The design and selection of ideal emitter discharge rates can be aided by accurate information regarding the wetted soil pattern under surface drip irrigation. The current field investigation was conducted in an apple orchard in SKUAST- Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, a Union Territory of India, during 2017-2019. The objective of the experiment was to examine the movement of moisture over time and assess the extent of wetting in both horizontal and vertical directions under point source drip irrigation with discharge rates of 2, 4, and 8 L h-1. At 30, 60, and 120 min since the beginning of irrigation, a soil pit was dug across the length of the wetted area on the surface in order to measure the wetting pattern. For measuring the soil moisture movement and wetted soil width and depth, three replicas of soil samples were collected according to the treatment and the average value were considered. As a result, 54 different experiments were conducted, resulting in the digging of pits [3 emitter discharge rates × 3 application times × 3 replications × 2 (after application and 24 after application)]. This study utilized the Drip-Irriwater model to evaluate and validate the accuracy of predictions of wetting fronts and soil moisture dynamics in both orientations. Results showed that the modeled values were very close to the actual field values, with a mean absolute error of 0.018, a mean bias error of 0.0005, a mean absolute percentage error of 7.3, a root mean square error of 0.023, a Pearson coefficient of 0.951, a coefficient of correlation of 0.918, and a Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient of 0.887. The wetted width just after irrigation was measured at 14.65, 16.65, and 20.62 cm; 16.20, 20.25, and 23.90 cm; and 20.00, 24.50, and 28.81 cm in 2, 4, and 8 L h-1, at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively, while the wetted depth was observed 13.10, 16.20, and 20.44 cm; 15.10, 21.50, and 26.00 cm; 19.40, 25.00, and 31.00 cm, respectively. As the flow rate from the emitter increased, the amount of moisture dissemination grew (both immediately and 24 h after irrigation). The soil moisture contents were observed 0.4300, 0.3808, 0.2298, 0.1604, and 0.1600 cm3 cm-3 just after irrigation in 2 L h-1 while 0.4300, 0.3841, 0.2385, 0.1607, and 0.1600 cm3 cm-3 were in 4 L h-1 and 0.4300, 0.3852, 0.2417, 0.1608, and 0.1600 cm3 cm-3 were in 8 L h-1 at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm soil depth in 30 min of application time. Similar distinct increments were found in 60, and 120 min of irrigation. The findings suggest that this simple model, which only requires soil, irrigation, and simulation parameters, is a valuable and practical tool for irrigation design. It provides information on soil wetting patterns and soil moisture distribution under a single emitter, which is important for effectively planning and designing a drip irrigation system. Investigating soil wetting patterns and moisture redistribution in the soil profile under point source drip irrigation helps promote efficient planning and design of a drip irrigation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma
- Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India.
| | - Rohitashw Kumar
- College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Salwan Ali Abed
- College of Science, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Qadisiyyah, 58002, Iraq
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187, Lulea, Sweden.
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Fruit Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar Campus, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190025, India
| | - Nand Lal Kushwaha
- Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Devideen Yadav
- Division of Soil Science and Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Dehradun, India
| | - Anita Kumawat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Research Centre, Kota, 324002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Alban Kuriqi
- CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, 1649-004, Lisbon, Portugal
- Civil Engineering Department, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Kosovo
| | - Abed Alataway
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Z Dewidar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Mattar
- Prince Sultan Bin Abdulaziz International Prize for Water Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, 12618, Egypt.
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Zain M, Si Z, Ma H, Cheng M, Khan A, Mehmood F, Duan A, Sun C. Developing a tactical irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer management strategy for winter wheat through drip irrigation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1231294. [PMID: 37636111 PMCID: PMC10449580 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1231294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Agricultural activities in the North China Plain are often challenged by inadequate irrigation and nutrient supply. Inadequate and improper resource utilization may impose negative impacts on agricultural sustainability. To counteract the negative impacts, a deeper understanding of the different resource management strategies is an essential prerequisite to assess the resource saving potential of crops. Methods We explored plausible adaptation strategies including drip irrigation lateral spacings of 40 and 80 cm (hereafter referred to as LS40 and LS80, respectively), irrigating winter wheat after soil water consumption of 20 and 35 mm (hereafter represented as IS20 and IS35, respectively), and nitrogen fertilization scheme of a) applying 50% nitrogen as a basal dose and 50% as a top-dressing dose (NS50:50), b) 25% nitrogen as a basal dose and 75% as a topdressing dose (NS25:75), and c) no nitrogen application as a basal dose and 100% application as a top-dressing dose (NS0:100). Results and discussion The consecutive 2 years (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) of field study results show that growing winter wheat under LS40 enhanced the water use efficiency (WUE), grain yield, 1,000-grain weight, and number of grains per spike by 15.04%, 6.95%, 5.67%, and 21.59% during the 2017-2018 season, respectively. Additionally, the corresponding values during the 2018-2019 season were 12.70%, 7.17%, 2.66%, and 19.25%, respectively. Irrigation scheduling of IS35 treatment improved all the growth-related and yield parameters of winter wheat. Further, treating 25% nitrogen as a basal dose and application of 75% as a top-dressing dose positively influenced the winter wheat yield. While NS0:100 increased the plant height, leaf area index (LAI), and aboveground biomass as compared to the other application strategies, but high nitrogen was observed in deeper soil layers. Regarding soil environment, the lowest soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen contents were observed in LS80 during both growing seasons. Overall, coupling the IS35 with NS25:75 under 40-cm lateral spacing is a suitable choice for sustainable winter wheat production in theNorth China Plain. The results of our study may be helpful in advancing the knowledge of the farmer community for winter wheat production. The findings can also aid in advancing new insights among scientists working on soil water and nitrogen distribution in drip irrigation for better productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanyun Si
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Haijiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Minghan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Adam Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agricultural University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Chengming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Hamani AKM, Abubakar SA, Si Z, Kama R, Gao Y, Duan A. Suitable split nitrogen application increases grain yield and photosynthetic capacity in drip-irrigated winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under different water regimes in the North China Plain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1105006. [PMID: 36714732 PMCID: PMC9880550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemical fertilizer overuse is a major environmental threat, critically polluting soil and water resources. An optimization of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in association with various irrigation scheduling is a potential approach in this regard. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to assess the growth, yield and photosynthetic capacity of drip-irrigated winter wheat subjected to various split applications of urea (240 kg ha-1, 46% N). The eight treatments were, two irrigation scheduling and six N application modes in which, one slow-release fertilizer (SRF). Irrigation scheduling was based on the difference between actual crop evapotranspiration and precipitation (ETa-P). The two irrigation scheduling were I45 (Irrigation scheduling when ETa-P reaches 45 mm) and I30 (Irrigation scheduling when ETa-P reaches 30 mm). The six N levels were N0-100 (100% from jointing to booting), N25-75 (25% during sowing and 75% from jointing to booting), N50-50 (50% during sowing and 50% from jointing to booting), N75-25 (75% during sowing and 25% from jointing to booting), N100-0 (100% during sowing), and SRF100 (240 kg ha-1, 43% N during sowing). N top-dressing application significantly (P<0.05) influenced wheat growth, aboveground biomass (ABM), grain yield (GY) and its components, photosynthetic and chlorophyll parameters, and plant nutrient content. According to the averages of the two winter wheat-growing seasons, the I45N50-50 and I45SRF100 treatments, respectively had the highest GY (9.83 and 9.5 t ha-1), ABM (19.91 and 19.79 t ha-1), net photosynthetic rate (35.92 and 34.59 µmol m-2s-1), stomatal conductance (1.387 and 1.223 mol m-2s-1), SPAD (69.33 and 64.03), and chlorophyll fluorescence FV/FM (8.901 and 8.922). The present study provided convincing confirmation that N applied equally in splits at basal-top-dressing rates could be a desirable N application mode under drip irrigation system and could economically compete with the costly SRF for winter wheat fertilization. The I45N50-50 treatment offers to farmers an option to sustain wheat production in the NCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Sunusi Amin Abubakar
- Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Zhuanyun Si
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Rakhwe Kama
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Aiwang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Song D, Jiang R, Fan D, Zou G, Du L, Wei D, Guo X, He W. Evaluation of Nitrogen Fertilizer Fates and Related Environmental Risks for Main Cereals in China's Croplands from 2004 to 2018. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2507. [PMID: 36235377 PMCID: PMC9571694 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the nitrogen (N) inputs and outputs in croplands would help effectively manage the distribution of N to improve crop growth and environmental sustainability. To better understand the N flow of the main cereal systems in China, soil N balance, N use efficiency (NUE), N losses and the potential environmental impacts of maize, wheat and rice cropping systems were estimated at the regional and national scales from 2004 to 2018. Nationally, the soil N balance (N inputs-N outputs) of maize, wheat, single rice and double rice decreased by 28.8%,13.3%, 30.8% and 34.1% from 2004-2008 to 2014-2018, equivalent to an average of 33.3 to 23.7 kg N ha-1, 82.4 to 71.4 kg N ha-1, 93.6 to 64.8 kg N ha-1 and 51.8 to 34.1 kg N ha-1, respectively. The highest soil N balance were observed in Southeast (SE) region for maize and double rice, North central (NC) region for wheat single rice and Northwest region for wheat, whereas Northeast (NE) region had the lowest N balance for all crops. The NUE increased from 49.8%, 41.2%, 49.7% and 53.7% in 2004-2008 to 54.8%, 45.9%, 55.5% and 56.5% in 2014-2018 for maize, wheat, single rice and double rice, respectively. The fertilizer N losses (i.e., N2O emission, NO emission, N2 emission, NH3 volatilization, N leaching and N runoff) were estimated as 43.7%, 38.3%, 40.2% and 36.6% of the total N inputs for maize, wheat, single rice and double rice, respectively in 2014-2018. Additionally, the highest global warming potential and acidification effects were found in NE and NC regions for maize, NC region for wheat, the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River for single rice and SE region for double rice, respectively. The highest risk of water contamination by N leaching and surface runoff was observed in NC region for all crops mainly due to high N fertilizer input. Furthermore, the dynamics of N balance for all crops were closely tied with grain yields, except for single rice, the N balance of which was mainly correlated with N fertilizer input. Our results could help researchers and policy makers effectively establish optimized fertilization strategies and adjust the regional allocation of grain cropping areas in response to environmental risks and climate change caused by food crop cultivation in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rong Jiang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wentian He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 9 Shuguanghuayuan Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
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Ma C, Xie P, Yang J, Lin L, Zhang K, Zhang H. Evaluating the contributions of leaf organ to wheat grain cadmium at the filling stage. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 833:155217. [PMID: 35429556 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an element of global concern in agricultural fields owing to its high bioavailability and its risk to human health via the consumption of wheat products. However, whether wheat leaves can directly absorb atmospheric Cd and transport them to the grains along with the contribution of leaves to Cd accumulation in the grains is not clear. We evaluated this mechanism through three comparative treatments: 1) exposure to atmospheric deposition (CK), 2) no exposure to atmospheric deposition (T1), and 3) exposure to atmospheric deposition with leaf cutting (T2). The Cd accumulation rate of grains in the CK, T1, and T2 groups all showed an increasing trend, followed by a decreasing trend, which was consistent with the trend of filling rate. Moreover, the critical period for leaf Cd accumulation in the grains was the early filling period, and its contribution decreased gradually as filling progressed. The contribution of the leaves to grain Cd reached 31.73% at maturity, with the reactivation of stored Cd in leaves pre-flowering and the newly absorbed atmospheric Cd by leaves post-flowering contributing 19.76% and 11.97% to Cd accumulation in grains, respectively, at maturity. Sub-microstructure analysis of the leaves further confirmed that the direct Cd absorption by leaves from atmospheric deposition through stomata contributed to Cd accumulation in wheat grains. Therefore, controlling the sources of atmospheric Cd pollution and reducing Cd absorption by leaves during grain filling can effectively control Cd pollution of wheat grains. This study provides significant insights on how to more effectively control the Cd content of edible part of wheat and ensure food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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Zhang J, Liu Y, Dai L. Agricultural practice contributed more to changes in soybean yield than climate change from 1981 to 2010 in northeast China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2387-2395. [PMID: 34628663 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although climate change and agricultural practices have non-negligible impacts on crop yields, their quantitative contributions to soybean yields remain unclear. First-order difference multiple regression was used to determine the respective contributions of climate change and agricultural practice to changes in soybean yields at station level from 1981 to 2010 in northeast China. RESULTS From 1981 to 2010, the soybean yields at 87% of the stations were increasing with an average 41.18 kg ha year-1 change trend in northeast China. The individual impacts of climate change and agricultural practice on soybean yield were -0.33% to 0.58% year-1 and -3.3% to 7.89% year-1 , respectively. The sensitivity of the soybean yield to climatic factors was related to latitude, and yields at high-latitude stations were positively correlated with temperature but negatively correlated with accumulated sunshine hours. Climate change contributed -24% to 38% to the trend in soybean yield, and the temperature had the greatest effect of all the climatic factors. CONCLUSION The contribution of agricultural practices was greater than that of climate change, counteracting the adverse effects of climate change and even affecting the direction of soybean yield changes. In adaptive decision making, priority should be given to management measures that have less impact on the environment, such as breeding new varieties adapted to specific latitudes, thus promoting the sustainable production of soybeans. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ma C, Xie P, Zhang K, Yang J, Li X, Liu F, Lin L, Zhang H. Contribution of the flag leaf to lead absorption in wheat grain at the grain-filling stage. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112722. [PMID: 34478986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat flag leaf (FL) is one of the primary sources of carbohydrates in grains; however, its role in grain lead (Pb) absorption remains unclear. A field experiment was conducted to assess the relative contribution of the FL to Pb accumulation in wheat grain by two contrasting treatments: without (CK) and with FL removal (FLR) at the grain-filling stage. The Pb concentration in leaves was closely related to leaf strata and decreased from FL to the third leaf. FLR treatment significantly reduced the yield and grain Pb concentration by 2.79% and 11.47%, respectively. The contribution of FL to grain Pb accumulation decreased gradually with the filling process, from 35.08% (at early stage) to 13.94% (at maturity stage). After FLR, the contribution proportion of atmospheric fallout to grain Pb decreased from 69.01% (CK) to 62.43% (FLR). Combined isotope analysis with scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) revealed that the main contribution of FLs to grain Pb originated from Pb fallout in fine atmospheric particles. Therefore, taking measures to reduce the influence of fine atmospheric particles on wheat may be an effective way to control wheat grain Pb contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Ma
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Pan Xie
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Junxing Yang
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xuanzhen Li
- College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fuyong Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
| | - Hongzhong Zhang
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Environmental Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 45000, China
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