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Huot JR, Livingston PD, Pin F, Thomas CR, Jamnick NA, Callaway CS, Bonetto A. Long-term Musculoskeletal Consequences of Chemotherapy in Pediatric Mice. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae011. [PMID: 38706958 PMCID: PMC11065107 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Thanks to recent progress in cancer research, most children treated for cancer survive into adulthood. Nevertheless, the long-term consequences of anticancer agents are understudied, especially in the pediatric population. We and others have shown that routinely administered chemotherapeutics drive musculoskeletal alterations, which contribute to increased treatment-related toxicity and long-term morbidity. Yet, the nature and scope of these enduring musculoskeletal defects following anticancer treatments and whether they can potentially impact growth and quality of life in young individuals remain to be elucidated. Here, we aimed at investigating the persistent musculoskeletal consequences of chemotherapy in young (pediatric) mice. Four-week-old male mice were administered a combination of 5-FU, leucovorin, irinotecan (a.k.a., Folfiri) or the vehicle for up to 5 wk. At time of sacrifice, skeletal muscle, bones, and other tissues were collected, processed, and stored for further analyses. In another set of experiments, chemotherapy-treated mice were monitored for up to 4 wk after cessation of treatment. Overall, the growth rate was significantly slower in the chemotherapy-treated animals, resulting in diminished lean and fat mass, as well as significantly smaller skeletal muscles. Interestingly, 4 wk after cessation of the treatment, the animals exposed to chemotherapy showed persistent musculoskeletal defects, including muscle innervation deficits and abnormal mitochondrial homeostasis. Altogether, our data support that anticancer treatments may lead to long-lasting musculoskeletal complications in actively growing pediatric mice and support the need for further studies to determine the mechanisms responsible for these complications, so that new therapies to prevent or diminish chemotherapy-related toxicities can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Huot
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Patrick D Livingston
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Fabrizio Pin
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Connor R Thomas
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202 USA
| | - Nicholas A Jamnick
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
| | - Chandler S Callaway
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
| | - Andrea Bonetto
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045 USA
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2
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Martynov I, Dhaka L, Wilke B, Hoyer P, Vahdad MR, Seitz G. Contemporary preclinical mouse models for pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: from bedside to bench to bedside. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1333129. [PMID: 38371622 PMCID: PMC10869630 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1333129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common pediatric soft-tissue malignancy, characterized by high clinicalopathological and molecular heterogeneity. Preclinical in vivo models are essential for advancing our understanding of RMS oncobiology and developing novel treatment strategies. However, the diversity of scholarly data on preclinical RMS studies may challenge scientists and clinicians. Hence, we performed a systematic literature survey of contemporary RMS mouse models to characterize their phenotypes and assess their translational relevance. Methods We identified papers published between 01/07/2018 and 01/07/2023 by searching PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results Out of 713 records screened, 118 studies (26.9%) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Cell line-derived xenografts (CDX) were the most commonly utilized (n = 75, 63.6%), followed by patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and syngeneic models, each accounting for 11.9% (n = 14), and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM) (n = 7, 5.9%). Combinations of different model categories were reported in 5.9% (n = 7) of studies. One study employed a virus-induced RMS model. Overall, 40.0% (n = 30) of the studies utilizing CDX models established alveolar RMS (aRMS), while 38.7% (n = 29) were embryonal phenotypes (eRMS). There were 20.0% (n = 15) of studies that involved a combination of both aRMS and eRMS subtypes. In one study (1.3%), the RMS phenotype was spindle cell/sclerosing. Subcutaneous xenografts (n = 66, 55.9%) were more frequently used compared to orthotopic models (n = 29, 24.6%). Notably, none of the employed cell lines were derived from primary untreated tumors. Only a minority of studies investigated disseminated RMS phenotypes (n = 16, 13.6%). The utilization areas of RMS models included testing drugs (n = 64, 54.2%), studying tumorigenesis (n = 56, 47.5%), tumor modeling (n = 19, 16.1%), imaging (n = 9, 7.6%), radiotherapy (n = 6, 5.1%), long-term effects related to radiotherapy (n = 3, 2.5%), and investigating biomarkers (n = 1, 0.8%). Notably, no preclinical studies focused on surgery. Conclusions This up-to-date review highlights the need for mouse models with dissemination phenotypes and cell lines from primary untreated tumors. Furthermore, efforts should be directed towards underexplored areas such as surgery, radiotherapy, and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illya Martynov
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lajwanti Dhaka
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Wilke
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Paul Hoyer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - M. Reza Vahdad
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Guido Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery and Urology, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
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Sutcu HH, Rassinoux P, Donnio LM, Neuillet D, Vianna F, Gabillot O, Mari PO, Baldeyron C, Giglia-Mari G. Decline of DNA damage response along with myogenic differentiation. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202302279. [PMID: 37993260 PMCID: PMC10665522 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA integrity is incessantly confronted to agents inducing DNA lesions. All organisms are equipped with a network of DNA damage response mechanisms that will repair DNA lesions and restore proper cellular activities. Despite DNA repair mechanisms have been revealed in replicating cells, still little is known about how DNA lesions are repaired in postmitotic cells. Muscle fibers are highly specialized postmitotic cells organized in syncytia and they are vulnerable to age-related degeneration and atrophy after radiotherapy treatment. We have studied the DNA repair capacity of muscle fiber nuclei and compared it with the one measured in proliferative myoblasts here. We focused on the DNA repair mechanisms that correct ionizing radiation (IR)-induced lesions, namely the base excision repair, the nonhomologous end joining, and the homologous recombination (HR). We found that in the most differentiated myogenic cells, myotubes, these DNA repair mechanisms present weakened kinetics of recruitment of DNA repair proteins to IR-damaged DNA. For base excision repair and HR, this decline can be linked to reduced steady-state levels of key proteins involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haser H Sutcu
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Phoebe Rassinoux
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lise-Marie Donnio
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Damien Neuillet
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - François Vianna
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SDOS/LMDN, Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Olivier Gabillot
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Mari
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Céline Baldeyron
- https://ror.org/01ha22c77 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-SANTE/SERAMED/LRAcc, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Giuseppina Giglia-Mari
- Pathophysiology and Genetics of Neuron and Muscle (INMG-PGNM) CNRS UMR 5261, INSERM U1315, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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Collao N, D'Souza D, Messeiller L, Pilon E, Lloyd J, Larkin J, Ngu M, Cuillerier A, Green AE, Menzies KJ, Burelle Y, De Lisio M. Radiation induces long-term muscle fibrosis and promotes a fibrotic phenotype in fibro-adipogenic progenitors. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2335-2349. [PMID: 37671686 PMCID: PMC10570115 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced muscle pathology, characterized by muscle atrophy and fibrotic tissue accumulation, is the most common debilitating late effect of therapeutic radiation exposure particularly in juvenile cancer survivors. In healthy muscle, fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are required for muscle maintenance and regeneration, while in muscle pathology FAPs are precursors for exacerbated extracellular matrix deposition. However, the role of FAPs in radiation-induced muscle pathology has not previously been explored. METHODS Four-week-old Male CBA or C57Bl/6J mice received a single dose (16 Gy) of irradiation (IR) to a single hindlimb with the shielded contralateral limb (CLTR) serving as a non-IR control. Mice were sacrificed 3, 7, 14 (acute IR response), and 56 days post-IR (long-term IR response). Changes in skeletal muscle morphology, myofibre composition, muscle niche cellular dynamics, DNA damage, proliferation, mitochondrial respiration, and metabolism and changes in progenitor cell fate where assessed. RESULTS Juvenile radiation exposure resulted in smaller myofibre cross-sectional area, particularly in type I and IIA myofibres (P < 0.05) and reduced the proportion of type I myofibres (P < 0.05). Skeletal muscle fibrosis (P < 0.05) was evident at 56 days post-IR. The IR-limb had fewer endothelial cells (P < 0.05) and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) (P < 0.05) at 56 days post-IR. Fewer muscle satellite (stem) cells were detected at 3 and 56 days in the IR-limb (P < 0.05). IR induced FAP senescence (P < 0.05), increased their fibrogenic differentiation (P < 0.01), and promoted their glycolytic metabolism. Further, IR altered the FAP secretome in a manner that impaired muscle satellite (stem) cell differentiation (P < 0.05) and fusion (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that following juvenile radiation exposure, FAPs contribute to long-term skeletal muscle atrophy and fibrosis. These findings provide rationale for investigating FAP-targeted therapies to ameliorate the negative late effects of radiation exposure in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Donna D'Souza
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Laura Messeiller
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Evan Pilon
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Jessica Lloyd
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Jillian Larkin
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Matthew Ngu
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Alexanne Cuillerier
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Alexander E. Green
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Keir J. Menzies
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ottawa Institute of Systems BiologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Yan Burelle
- Interdisciplinary School of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Éric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular DiseaseUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine ProgramUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
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5
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Collao N, Sanders O, Caminiti T, Messeiller L, De Lisio M. Resistance and endurance exercise training improves muscle mass and the inflammatory/fibrotic transcriptome in a rhabdomyosarcoma model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:781-793. [PMID: 36797054 PMCID: PMC10067492 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that most often develops in children. Chemoradiation therapy is a standard treatment modality; however, the detrimental long-term skeletal muscle consequences of this therapy in juvenile cancer survivors include muscle atrophy and fibrosis resulting in decreased physical performance. Using a novel model of murine resistance and endurance exercise training, we investigate its role in preventing the long-term effects of juvenile RMS plus therapy. METHODS Four-week-old male (n = 10) and female (n = 10) C57Bl/6J mice were injected with M3-9-M RMS cell into the left gastrocnemius with the right limb serving as an internal control (CON). Mice received a systemic vincristine injection and then five doses of 4.8 Gy of gamma radiation localized to the left hindlimb (RMS + Tx). Mice were then randomly divided into either sedentary (SED) or resistance and endurance exercise training (RET) groups. Changes in exercise performance, body composition, myocellular adaptations and the inflammatory/fibrotic transcriptome were assessed. RESULTS RET improved endurance performance (P < 0.0001) and body composition (P = 0.0004) compared to SED. RMS + Tx resulted in significantly lower muscle weight (P = 0.015) and significantly smaller myofibre cross-sectional area (CSA) (P = 0.014). Conversely, RET resulted in significantly higher muscle weight (P = 0.030) and significantly larger Type IIA (P = 0.014) and IIB (P = 0.015) fibre CSA. RMS + Tx resulted in significantly more muscle fibrosis (P = 0.028), which was not prevented by RET. RMS + Tx resulted in significantly fewer mononuclear cells (P < 0.05) and muscle satellite (stem) cells (MuSCs) (P < 0.05) and significantly more immune cells (P < 0.05) than CON. RET resulted in significantly more fibro-adipogenic progenitors (P < 0.05), a trend for more MuSCs (P = 0.076) than SED and significantly more endothelial cells specifically in the RMS + Tx limb. Transcriptomic changes revealed significantly higher expression of inflammatory and fibrotic genes in RMS + Tx, which was prevented by RET. In the RMS + Tx model, RET also significantly altered expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix turnover. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that RET preserves muscle mass and performance in a model of juvenile RMS survivorship while partially restoring cellular dynamics and the inflammatory and fibrotic transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Collao
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olivia Sanders
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Caminiti
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura Messeiller
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael De Lisio
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Bachman JF, Chakkalakal JV. Insights into muscle stem cell dynamics during postnatal development. FEBS J 2022; 289:2710-2722. [PMID: 33811430 PMCID: PMC9947813 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During development, resident stem cell populations contribute to the growth and maturation of tissue and organs. In skeletal muscle, muscle stem cells, or satellite cells (SCs), are responsible for the maturation of postnatal myofibers. However, the role SCs play in later stages of postnatal growth, and thus, when they enter a mature quiescent state is controversial. Here, we discuss the current literature regarding the role SCs play in all stages of postnatal growth, from birth to puberty onset to young adulthood. We additionally highlight the implications of SC loss or dysfunction during developmental stages, both in the context of experimental paradigms and disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester NY, United States.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, and The Rochester Aging Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, United States
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7
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O'Connor TN, Kallenbach JG, Orciuoli HM, Paris ND, Bachman JF, Johnston CJ, Hernady E, Williams JP, Dirksen RT, Chakkalakal JV. Endurance exercise attenuates juvenile irradiation-induced skeletal muscle functional decline and mitochondrial stress. Skelet Muscle 2022; 12:8. [PMID: 35414122 PMCID: PMC9004104 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-022-00291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat childhood cancers and can have adverse effects on muscle function, but the underlying mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated. We hypothesized that endurance exercise following radiation treatment would improve skeletal muscle function. METHODS We utilized the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) to irradiate juvenile male mice with a clinically relevant fractionated dose of 3× (every other day over 5 days) 8.2 Gy X-ray irradiation locally from the knee to footpad region of the right hindlimb. Mice were then singly housed for 1 month in cages equipped with either locked or free-spinning voluntary running wheels. Ex vivo muscle contractile function, RT-qPCR analyses, resting cytosolic and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) store Ca2+ levels, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (MitoSOX), and immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses of muscle samples were conducted to assess the muscle pathology and the relative therapeutic impact of voluntary wheel running (VWR). RESULTS Irradiation reduced fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle-specific force by 27% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved muscle-specific force by 37%. Radiation treatment similarly reduced slow-twitch soleus muscle-specific force by 14% compared to that of non-irradiated mice, while VWR post-irradiation improved specific force by 18%. We assessed intracellular Ca2+ regulation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial homeostasis as potential mechanisms of radiation-induced pathology and exercise-mediated rescue. We found a significant reduction in resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration following irradiation in sedentary mice. Intriguingly, however, SR Ca2+ store content was increased in myofibers from irradiated mice post-VWR compared to mice that remained sedentary. We observed a 73% elevation in the overall protein oxidization in muscle post-irradiation, while VWR reduced protein nitrosylation by 35% and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by 50%. Finally, we found that VWR significantly increased the expression of PGC1α at both the transcript and protein levels, consistent with an exercise-dependent increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile irradiation stunted muscle development, disrupted proper Ca2+ handling, damaged mitochondria, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress, paralleling significant deficits in muscle force production. Exercise mitigated aberrant Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial homeostasis, and increased oxidative and nitrosative stress in a manner that correlated with improved skeletal muscle function after radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Genetics, Development and Stem Cells Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacob G Kallenbach
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Haley M Orciuoli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Biological Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John F Bachman
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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8
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Kallenbach JG, Bachman JF, Paris ND, Blanc RS, O'Connor T, Furati E, Williams JP, Chakkalakal JV. Muscle-specific functional deficits and lifelong fibrosis in response to paediatric radiotherapy and tumour elimination. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:296-310. [PMID: 34997696 PMCID: PMC8818600 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As paediatric cancer survivors are living into adulthood, they suffer from the age-related, accelerated decline of functional skeletal muscle tissue, termed sarcopenia. With ionizing radiation (radiotherapy) at the core of paediatric cancer therapies, its direct and indirect effects can have lifelong negative impacts on paediatric growth and maintenance of skeletal muscle. Utilizing our recently developed preclinical rhabdomyosarcoma mouse model, we investigated the late effects of paediatric radiation treatment on skeletal muscles from late adolescent (8 weeks old) and middle-aged (16 months old) mice. METHODS Paediatric C57BL/6J male mice (3 weeks old) were injected with rhabdomyosarcoma cells into their right hindlimbs, and then fractionated irradiation (3 × 8.2 Gy) was administered to those limbs at 4 weeks old to eliminate the tumours. Radiation-alone and tumour-irradiated mice were assessed at either 8 weeks (3 weeks post-irradiation) or 16 months (14 months post-irradiation) of age for muscle physiology, myofibre characteristics, cell loss, histopathology, fibrosis, inflammatory gene expression, and fibrotic gene expression. RESULTS Mice that received only paediatric radiation demonstrated reduced muscle mass (-17%, P < 0.001), muscle physiological function (-25%, P < 0.01), muscle contractile kinetics (-25%, P < 0.05), satellite cell number (-45%, P < 0.05), myofibre cross-sectional area (-30%, P < 0.0001), and myonuclear number (-17%, P < 0.001). Paediatric radiation increased inflammatory gene expression, increased fibrotic gene expression, and induced extracellular matrix protein deposition (fibrosis) with tumour elimination exacerbating some phenotypes. Paediatric tumour-eliminated mice demonstrated exacerbated deficits to function (-20%, P < 0.05) and myofibre size (-17%, P < 0.001) in some muscles as well as further increases to inflammatory and fibrotic gene expression. Examining the age-related effects of paediatric radiotherapy in middle-aged mice, we found persistent myofibre atrophy (-20%, P < 0.01), myonuclear loss (-18%, P < 0.001), up-regulated inflammatory and fibrotic signalling, and lifelong fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS The results from this paediatric radiotherapy model are consistent and recapitulate the clinical and molecular features of accelerated sarcopenia, musculoskeletal frailty, and radiation-induced fibrosis experienced by paediatric cancer survivors. We believe that this preclinical mouse model is well poised for future mechanistic insights and therapeutic interventions that improve the quality of life for paediatric cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Kallenbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John F Bachman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cell Biology of Disease Graduate Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Nicole D Paris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Roméo S Blanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas O'Connor
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Esraa Furati
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Joe V Chakkalakal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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