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Afram Y, Amenorpe G, Bediako EA, Darkwa AA, Shandu SF, Labuschagne MT, Amegbor IK. Induction of genetic variability of maize genotypes through radiation revealed mutants resistant to maize streak disease. Appl Radiat Isot 2024; 207:111279. [PMID: 38461628 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2024.111279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The absence of genetic variability among crop genotypes is an impediment to breeding progress, hence mutagenesis could serve as a useful tool to create genetic variation to obtain desirable traits of interest. In this study, four maize genotypes, Obatampa, Dapango, Pann 54 and Honampa which were susceptible to maize streak disease (MSD) were acutely irradiated at 254.3 Gy, using a cobalt 60 (60Co) at a rate of 300 Gy/hr. The irradiated seeds were planted with their parental controls at streak disease highly endemic environment. Field trials for the selected maize genotypes were conducted from the M1 to M4 generations to screen for MSD resistance and improved grain yield. Sixteen putative mutants and four individual parental controls were selected across the four maize genotypes at the end of the M4 generation based on disease severity score and yield indices. Detailed morphological screening and field evaluation of putative mutants showing improved plant architecture, increased grain yield and resistance to maize streak disease were tagged and selected. Obatanpa-induced-genotype was the best mutant identified with a grain yield of 6.8 t ha-1. Data on days to 50% flowering indicated that all 16 putative mutants were maturing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayra Afram
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Oil Palm Research Institute, Coconut Research Programme, P.O. Box 245, Sekondi, Ghana.
| | - Godwin Amenorpe
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agricultural Research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), Accra, Ghana
| | - Elvis Asare Bediako
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Alfred A Darkwa
- Department of Crop Science, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | | | - Maryke T Labuschagne
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Plant sciences Breeding, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Isaac Kodzo Amegbor
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Department of Plant sciences Breeding, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, South Africa; Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box TL 52, Tamale, Ghana.
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Festus RO, Seal SE, Prempeh R, Quain MD, Silva G. Improved Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) for the Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Yam mosaic virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1592. [PMID: 37515278 PMCID: PMC10383231 DOI: 10.3390/v15071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Yam (Dioscorea spp.) productivity is constrained significantly by the lack of a formal seed system. Vegetative propagation, through tuber setts as 'seed' yams, encourages the recycling of virus-infected planting materials, contributing to high virus incidence and yield losses. Efforts are ongoing to increase the production of high-quality seed yams in a formal seed system to reduce virus-induced yield losses and enhance the crop's productivity and food security. Specific and sensitive diagnostic tests are imperative to prevent the multiplication of virus-infected materials contributing to a sustainable seed yam certification system. During routine indexing of yam accessions, discrepancies were observed between the results obtained from the reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) test and those from reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR); RT-LAMP failed to detect Yam mosaic virus (YMV) in some samples that tested positive by RT-PCR. This prompted the design of a new set of LAMP primers, YMV1-OPT primers. These primers detected as little as 0.1 fg/µL of purified RNA obtained from a YMV-infected plant, a sensitivity equivalent to that obtained with RT-PCR. RT-LAMP using YMV1-OPT primers is recommended for all future virus-indexing of seed yams for YMV, offering a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth O Festus
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Susan E Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Ruth Prempeh
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi P.O. Box 3785, Ghana
| | - Marian D Quain
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Crops Research Institute, Fumesua, Kumasi P.O. Box 3785, Ghana
| | - Gonçalo Silva
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Singh A, Karjagi C, Kaur S, Jeet G, Bhamare D, Gupta S, Kumar S, Das A, Gupta M, Chaudhary DP, Bhushan B, Jat BS, Kumar R, Dagla MC, Kumar M. Characterization of phi112, a Molecular Marker Tightly Linked to the o2 Gene of Maize, and Its Utilization in Multiplex PCR for Differentiating Normal Maize from QPM. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:531. [PMID: 36833458 PMCID: PMC9957476 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality Protein Maize (QPM) contains higher amounts of essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan. The QPM phenotype is based on regulating zein protein synthesis by opaque2 transcription factor. Many gene modifiers act to optimize the amino acid content and agronomic performance. An SSR marker, phi112, is present upstream of the opaque2 DNA gene. Its analysis has shown the presence of transcription factor activity. The functional associations of opaque2 have been determined. The putative transcription factor binding at phi112 marked DNA was identified through computational analysis. The present study is a step towards understanding the intricate network of molecular interactions that fine-tune the QPM genotype to influence maize protein quality. In addition, a multiplex PCR assay for differentiation of QPM from normal maize is shown, which can be used for Quality Control at various stages of the QPM value chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Chikkappa Karjagi
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, Pusa Campus, Delhi 110012, India
| | - Sehgeet Kaur
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Gagan Jeet
- School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Deepak Bhamare
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sonu Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Mamta Gupta
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - D. P. Chaudhary
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Bharat Bhushan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - B. S. Jat
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - M. C. Dagla
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research, P.A.U. Campus, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
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Botella JR. Point-of-Care DNA Amplification for Disease Diagnosis and Management. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 60:1-20. [PMID: 36027938 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-115027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of pests and pathogens is of paramount importance in reducing agricultural losses. One approach to early detection is point-of-care (POC) diagnostics, which can provide early warning and therefore allow fast deployment of preventive measures to slow down the establishment of crop diseases. Among the available diagnostic technologies, nucleic acid amplification-based diagnostics provide the highest sensitivity and specificity, and those technologies that forego the requirement for thermocycling show the most potential for use at POC. In this review, I discuss the progress, advantages, and disadvantages of the established and most promising POC amplification technologies. The success and usefulness of POC amplification are ultimately dependent on the availability of POC-friendly nucleic acid extraction methods and amplification readouts, which are also briefly discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- José R Botella
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;
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