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Shen X, Chen C, Wen C, Yu S, Liu H, Gao X, Chen L. A newly developed UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantitative analysis of ajuforrestin A, ajuforrestin B, ajugamacrin and 8-O-acetylharpagide derived from Ajuga plants in mice blood and the in vivo pharmacokinetics. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2024; 50:354-362. [PMID: 38456836 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2024.2328731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a sensitive and fast detection method via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to assess the concentration of ajuforrestin A, ajuforrestin B, ajugamacrin and 8-O-Acetylharpagide primarily derived from Ajuga plants in mice blood and their pharmacokinetics. METHODS Single protein precipitation with high-proportioned acetonitrile is chosen for sample clean-up. The UPLC HSS T3 (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.8 µm) column with a mobile phase in gradient elution mode at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min was used for sample separation. Acetonitrile was selected as the organic phase solution and water containing 0.1% formic acid was chosen as the aqueous solution. A tandem mass spectrometer containing an electrospray ionization (ESI) source in the positive ionization mode was used to detect four compounds via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). RESULTS The calibration curves (5-1000 ng/mL) of four compounds were linear with correlation coefficients > 0.997. The matrix effects, accuracy, precision, and recovery were all within permissible scope. CONCLUSIONS In this approach, the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters were successfully clarified in mouse for the first time, which provided a theoretical basis for the improvement of the standard of Ajuga plants and the safety of clinical medication. Furthermore, this method may provide the UPLC-MS/MS evidence for the differentiation of the main close relative varieties of genus Ajuga according to these plants contain different mixtures of the four marker compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuaishuai Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Gao
- Department of Urological Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Ji N, Wu CG, Wang XD, Song ZX, Wu PY, Liu X, Feng X, Zhang XM, Wang XF, Lv ZJ. Anti-aging Effects of Alu Antisense RNA on Human Fibroblast Senescence Through the MEK-ERK Pathway Mediated by KIF15. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:35-47. [PMID: 36808398 PMCID: PMC9939868 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-022-2688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether human short interspersed nuclear element antisense RNA (Alu antisense RNA; Alu asRNA) could delay human fibroblast senescence and explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We transfected Alu asRNA into senescent human fibroblasts and used cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining methods to analyze the anti-aging effects of Alu asRNA on the fibroblasts. We also used an RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) method to investigate the Alu asRNA-specific mechanisms of anti-aging. We examined the effects of KIF15 on the anti-aging role induced by Alu asRNA. We also investigated the mechanisms underlying a KIF15-induced proliferation of senescent human fibroblasts. RESULTS The CCK-8, ROS and SA-β-gal results showed that Alu asRNA could delay fibroblast aging. RNA-seq showed 183 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Alu asRNA transfected fibroblasts compared with fibroblasts transfected with the calcium phosphate transfection (CPT) reagent. The KEGG analysis showed that the cell cycle pathway was significantly enriched in the DEGs in fibroblasts transfected with Alu asRNA compared with fibroblasts transfected with the CPT reagent. Notably, Alu asRNA promoted the KIF15 expression and activated the MEK-ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Alu asRNA could promote senescent fibroblast proliferation via activation of the KIF15-mediated MEK-ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ji
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Chong-guang Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xiao-die Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Zhi-xue Song
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Pei-yuan Wu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xu Feng
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Xiang-mei Zhang
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 China
| | - Xiu-fang Wang
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
| | - Zhan-jun Lv
- Department of Genetics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Lab of Laboratory Animal, Shijiazhuang, 050017 China
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Wang Y, Liu YC, Li WY, Guo K, Liu Y, Li SH. Antifeedant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory neo-clerodane diterpenoids in the peltate glandular trichomes and fresh leaves of Ajuga forrestii. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 186:112731. [PMID: 33721797 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Lamiaceae plant Ajuga forrestii Diels is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with abundant glandular trichomes (GTs), but their chemistry and biological functions remain uninvestigated. Here, a panel of six highly functionalized neo-clerodane diterpenoids was localized to the peltate GTs of A. forrestii using laser microdissection coupled with HPLC analysis, indicating that the GTs of A. forrestii are an excellent material for the elucidation of the yet unclear biosynthetic pathway of natural neo-clerodane diterpenoids. In addition, four undescribed neo-clerodane diterpenoids with an acyclic C-9 side chain including two pairs of 1:1 mixture of inseparable diastereomers, ajuforrestins D-G, were isolated from the fresh leaves of A. forrestii together with six known compounds. The structures of the undescribed compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (including 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS) analyses. Biological assays indicated that the major GT compound ajugacumbin B and undescribed ajuforrestins D/E showed antifeedant activity against Helicoverpa armigera, suggesting that neo-clerodanes in A. forrestii should be involved in plant defence against insects. Moreover, the abietane diterpenoid ajuforrestin B exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity on the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and cytotoxicity against three cancer cell lines, NCI-H1975, HepG2 and MCF-7, suggesting that ajuforrestin B could positively contribute to the therapeutic effects of this traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yan-Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Wen-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Kai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China.
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, and Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, PR China.
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