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Rohini HN, Punita P, Santhekadur PK, Ravishankar MV. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus - The Modern Indian Perspective. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2023; 27:387-393. [PMID: 38107727 PMCID: PMC10723610 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_147_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious and most frequent health complication during pregnancy which is associated with a significant increase in the risk of maternal and neonatal outcomes. GDM is usually the result of β-cell dysfunction along with chronic insulin resistance during pregnancy. Seshiah et al. pioneer work led to the adoption of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group in India criteria as the norm to diagnose GDM, especially in the community setting. In 2014, the Maternal Health Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, updated guidelines and stressed upon the proper use of guidelines such as using a glucometer for self-monitoring and the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents. The 2018 Government of India guidelines stress the importance of counselling about lifestyle modifications, weight control, exercise, and family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Rohini
- Department of Physiology, Meeankshi Medical College and Research Institute, Affiliated to Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Pushpanathan Punita
- Department of Physiology, Meeankshi Medical College and Research Institute, Affiliated to Meenakshi Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | - Prasanna Kumar Santhekadur
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, JSS Medical College, Mysore, India
| | - MV Ravishankar
- Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
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Cummings JR, Faith MS, Lipsky LM, Liu A, Mooney JT, Nansel TR. Prospective relations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:100. [PMID: 35922793 PMCID: PMC9351142 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01334-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infant appetitive traits including eating rate, satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness, and enjoyment of food predict weight gain in infancy and early childhood. Although studies show a strong genetic influence on infant appetitive traits, the association of parent and infant appetite is understudied. Furthermore, little research examines the influence of maternal pregnancy dietary intake, weight indicators, and feeding mode on infant appetite. The present study investigated relations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits. Methods Mothers in the Pregnancy Eating Attributes Study (458 mothers enrolled, 367 retained through delivery) completed self-report measures of reward-related eating, and principal component analysis yielded two components: (1) food preoccupation and responsiveness and (2) reinforcing value of food. Mothers completed 24-h dietary recalls across pregnancy, and the standardized NOVA (not an acronym) system categorized recalled foods based on processing level. Maternal anthropometrics were measured across pregnancy. At infant age 6 months, mothers reported on feeding mode and infant appetitive traits. Linear regressions were conducted predicting infant appetitive traits from household income-poverty ratio (step 1); maternal reward-related eating components (step 2); pregnancy ultra-processed food intake (% of energy intake), early pregnancy body mass index, and gestational weight gain (step 3); and exclusive breastfeeding duration (step 4). Results A 1-SD greater maternal food preoccupation and responsiveness was associated with 0.20-SD greater infant satiety responsiveness (p = .005). A 1-SD greater % energy intake from ultra-processed foods during pregnancy was associated with 0.16-SD lower infant satiety responsiveness (p = .031). A 1-SD longer exclusive breastfeeding duration was associated with 0.18-SD less infant food responsiveness (p = .014). Other associations of maternal reward-related eating, pregnancy ultra-processed food intake and weight indicators, and feeding mode with infant appetitive traits were non-significant. Conclusions Proximal early-life environmental factors including maternal pregnancy dietary intake and feeding mode may facilitate or protect against obesogenic infant appetitive traits, whereas infant appetite may not parallel maternal reward-related eating. Further investigation into the etiology of appetitive traits early in development, particularly during solid food introduction, may elucidate additional modifiable risk factors for child obesity. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov. Registration ID – NCT02217462. Date of registration – August 13, 2014. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-022-01334-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna R Cummings
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Myles S Faith
- Department of Counseling, School, and Educational Psychology, Graduate School of Education, University at Buffalo - SUNY, 420 Bady Hall, Buffalo, NY, 14250, USA
| | - Leah M Lipsky
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Aiyi Liu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA
| | - Jan T Mooney
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.,Health Psychology PhD Program, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Colvard Hall, 9201 University City Boulevard, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Tonja R Nansel
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 6710B Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20817, USA.
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Silveira JS, Ramires Júnior OV, Schmitz F, Ferreira FS, Rodrigues FC, Silva RC, Savio LEB, Wyse ATS. Folic acid supplementation during pregnancy alters behavior in male rat offspring: nitrative stress and neuroinflammatory implications. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2150-2170. [PMID: 35044624 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy diet can impact offspring's neurodevelopment, metabolism, redox homeostasis, and inflammatory status. In pregnancy, folate demand is increased due to the requirement for one-carbon transfer reactions. The present study was proposed to investigate the effect of folic acid supplementation throughout pregnancy on a battery of behavior tests (olfactory preference, motor activity, exploratory capacity, habituation, memory, anxiety- and depression-like behavior). Redox homeostasis and neuroinflammatory status in cerebral cortex were also investigated. After pregnancy confirmation, the pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups, according to the diet: group 1, (control) standard diet (2 mg/kg diet of folic acid) and group 2, supplemented diet with 4 mg/kg diet of folic acid. Throughout the gestational period, the pregnant rats received experimental diets. Results show that the supplemented diet with 4 mg/kg diet of folic acid throughout pregnancy impaired memory and motricity of the offspring when compared with control (standard diet). It was also observed an increase in anxiety- and depression-like behavior in this group. Nitrite levels increased in cerebral cortex of the offspring, when compared to control group. In contrast, iNOS expression and immunocontent were not altered. Moreover, we identify an increase in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and MCP-1 gene expression in the cerebral cortex. In conclusion, our study showed that the supplemented diet with 4 mg/kg diet of folic acid throughout pregnancy may cause behavioral and biochemical changes in the male offspringGraphical abstract After pregnancy confirmation, the pregnant rats were randomly divided into two groups, according to the diet: group 1, (control) standard diet (2 mg/kg diet of folic acid) and group 2, supplemented diet with 4 mg/kg diet of folic acid. Throughout the gestational period, the pregnant rats received experimental diets. Results show that folic acid supplementation did not impair the mother-pup relationship. We showed that supplemented diet with 4 mg/kg diet of folic acid during pregnancy impairs memory and motricity of the offspring when compared with standard diet. It was also observed an increase in anxiety- and depression-like behavior in this group. Nitrative stress and neuroinflammation parameters were increased in the cerebral cortex of the offspring. ROS, reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Silva Silveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Metabólicas (Wyse's Lab), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Metabólicas (Wyse's Lab), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Felipe Schmitz
- Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Metabólicas (Wyse's Lab), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Metabólicas (Wyse's Lab), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cristina Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Robson Coutinho Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo Baggio Savio
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco G. Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373. Cidade Universitária, Ilha Do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Angela T S Wyse
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Neuroproteção E Doenças Metabólicas (Wyse's Lab), Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90035003, Brazil.
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