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Roy AM, Iyer R, Chakraborty S. The extracellular matrix in hepatocellular carcinoma: Mechanisms and therapeutic vulnerability. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101170. [PMID: 37652015 PMCID: PMC10518608 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is influenced by a "disorganized" extracellular matrix (ECM) that sensitizes cancer cells toward mechanical stress, signaling, and structural alterations. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), lack of knowledge about key ECM proteins driving the TME refractory to targeted therapies poses a barrier to the identification of new therapeutic targets. Herein, we discuss the contributions of various ECM components that impact hepatocytes and their surrounding support network during tumorigenesis. In addition, the underpinnings by which ECM proteins transduce mechanical signals to the liver TME are detailed. Finally, in view of the bidirectional feedback between the ECM, transformed hepatocytes, and immune cells, we highlight the potential role of the ECM disorganization process in shaping responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Our comprehensive characterization of these ECM components may provide a roadmap for innovative therapeutic approaches to restrain HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Mariam Roy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Renuka Iyer
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Sayan Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Program of Developmental Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263.
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Berz AM, Santana JG, Iseke S, Gross M, Pekurovsky V, Laage Gaupp F, Savic LJ, Borde T, Gottwald LA, Boustani AM, Gebauer B, Lin M, Zhang X, Schlachter T, Madoff DC, Chapiro J. Impact of Chemoembolic Regimen on Immune Cell Recruitment and Immune Checkpoint Marker Expression following Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization in a VX2 Rabbit Liver Tumor Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:764-774.e4. [PMID: 35346859 PMCID: PMC9344951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the effects of commonly used transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) regimens on the immune response and immune checkpoint marker expression using a VX2 rabbit liver tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four VX2 liver tumor-bearing New Zealand white rabbits were assigned to 7 groups (n = 3 per group) undergoing locoregional therapy as follows: (a) bicarbonate infusion without embolization, (b) conventional TACE (cTACE) using a water-in-oil emulsion containing doxorubicin mixed 1:2 with Lipiodol, drug-eluting embolic-TACE with either (c) idarubicin-eluting Oncozene microspheres (40 μm) or (d) doxorubicin-eluting Lumi beads (40-90 μm). For each therapy arm (b-d), a tandem set of 3 animals with additional bicarbonate infusion before TACE was added, to evaluate the effect of pH modification on the immune response. Three untreated rabbits served as controls. Tissue was harvested 24 hours after treatment, followed by digital immunohistochemistry quantification (counts/μm2 ± SEM) of tumor-infiltrating cluster of differentiation 3+ T-lymphocytes, human leukocyte antigen DR type antigen-presenting cells (APCs), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway axis expression. RESULTS Lumi-bead TACE induced significantly more intratumoral T-cell and APC infiltration than cTACE and Oncozene-microsphere TACE. Additionally, tumors treated with Lumi-bead TACE expressed significantly higher intratumoral immune checkpoint markers compared with cTACE and Oncozene-microsphere TACE. Neoadjuvant bicarbonate demonstrated the most pronounced effect on cTACE and resulted in a significant increase in intratumoral cluster of differentiation 3+ T-cell infiltration compared with cTACE alone. CONCLUSIONS This preclinical study revealed significant differences in evoked tumor immunogenicity depending on the choice of chemoembolic regimen for TACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia M Berz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica G Santana
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Simon Iseke
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Moritz Gross
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasily Pekurovsky
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Fabian Laage Gaupp
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lynn J Savic
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tabea Borde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany
| | - Luzie A Gottwald
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Marie Boustani
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bernhard Gebauer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Radiology Berlin, Germany
| | - MingDe Lin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Visage Imaging, Inc., San Diego, California
| | - Xuchen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Todd Schlachter
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - David C Madoff
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Julius Chapiro
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Kader A, Brangsch J, Reimann C, Kaufmann JO, Mangarova DB, Moeckel J, Adams LC, Zhao J, Saatz J, Traub H, Buchholz R, Karst U, Hamm B, Makowski MR. Visualization and Quantification of the Extracellular Matrix in Prostate Cancer Using an Elastin Specific Molecular Probe. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1217. [PMID: 34827210 PMCID: PMC8615039 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human prostate cancer (PCa) is a type of malignancy and one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in men. Elastin is an important component of the extracellular matrix and is involved in the structure and organization of prostate tissue. The present study examined prostate cancer in a xenograft mouse model using an elastin-specific molecular probe for magnetic resonance molecular imaging. Two different tumor sizes (500 mm3 and 1000 mm3) were compared and analyzed by MRI in vivo and histologically and analytically ex vivo. The T1-weighted sequence was used in a clinical 3-T scanner to calculate the relative contrast enhancement before and after probe administration. Our results show that the use of an elastin-specific probe enables better discrimination between tumors and surrounding healthy tissue. Furthermore, specific binding of the probe to elastin fibers was confirmed by histological examination and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Smaller tumors showed significantly higher signal intensity (p > 0.001), which correlates with the higher proportion of elastin fibers in the histological evaluation than in larger tumors. A strong correlation was seen between relative enhancement (RE) and Elastica-van Gieson staining (R2 = 0.88). RE was related to inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry data for Gd and showed a correlation (R2 = 0.78). Thus, molecular MRI could become a novel quantitative tool for the early evaluation and detection of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avan Kader
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 1-3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Brangsch
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Carolin Reimann
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Jan O. Kaufmann
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Division 1.5 Protein Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilyana B. Mangarova
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 15, Building 12, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Moeckel
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Lisa C. Adams
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Jessica Saatz
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Heike Traub
- Division 1.1 Inorganic Trace Analysis, Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (J.S.); (H.T.)
| | - Rebecca Buchholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48419 Münster, Germany; (R.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48419 Münster, Germany; (R.B.); (U.K.)
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Marcus R. Makowski
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Integrative Neuroanatomy, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (C.R.); (J.O.K.); (D.B.M.); (J.M.); (L.C.A.); (J.Z.); (B.H.); (M.R.M.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, St Thomas’ Hospital Westminster Bridge Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Delineation of the healthy rabbit liver by immunohistochemistry - A technical note. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151795. [PMID: 34627038 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases pose a big global health problem and liver failure may result from viral infection, overnutrition or tumors. Studying pathologic liver tissue demands for accurate and specific histological stainings and immunohistochemical labellings, including chromogenic and fluorescent approaches. Moreover, a reliable set of healthy liver stainings and labellings are required, to provide a baseline or reference for the pathological situation. Here, we used the liver tissue of a healthy rabbit and compared different histological key steps, such as paraffin embedding after formalin fixation versus cryopreservation; or an antigen retrieval (AR) step in processing paraffin sections versus the same procedure without AR; or chromogenic with fluorescent detection system, respectively. Moreover, we provide images of serial sections, where we stained the same morphological structure with different markers, including collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α-SMA, elastin, protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is an inflammation-related marker, ki67 for proliferating cells, and orcein (as negative control for pathological aberrations like Wilson disease). Differences between conditions were quantitatively assessed by measuring the colour intensity. Generally, we observed that cryosections exhibited a stronger signal intensity in immunohistochemically labelled sections than in paraffin sections; however, the strong staining got slurred, which sometimes hampered proper identification of morphological structures at higher magnifications. Moreover, there was a clear increase in signal intensity for paraffin sections when an AR step was performed compared to condition without AR. Results for mouse isotype staining as a negative control clearly supported those findings. Different stainings of the portal triad, the central vein and the bile ducts revealed a clear-cut distribution of extracellular matrix components, with prominent fibronectin and elastin around the lumen of the central vein as well as a patchy PAR-2 expression. As for the bile ducts, complete absence of α-SMA and PAR-2 was found at the margins, however, collagen I expression and elastin were positive and showed a strong signal. Like this, we provide useful and valuable reference images for researchers using the rabbit liver model. It may help to decide which of the immunohistochemical protocols are valuable to reach a certain aim and which protocols lead to the best visualization of the target structure.
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