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Strzała M, Stanula A, Krężałek P, Sokołowski K, Wądrzyk Ł, Maciejczyk M, Karpiński J, Rejdych W, Wilk R, Sadowski W. Correlations between Crawl Kinematics and Speed with Morphologic, Functional, and Anaerobic Parameters in Competitive Swimmers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084595. [PMID: 35457464 PMCID: PMC9031581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a unique complex of predictors and 100 m front crawl race kinematics and swimming speed. In 28 male competitive swimmers (age: 19.6 ± 2.59 years), the following groups of predictors were assessed: (a) the morphologic, (b) the functional upper limb range of motion, and (c) the anaerobic indices of arm-cranking and a series of countermovement jumps. The Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was calculated to distinguish the predictors and the swimming results. The main finding was that the indices of the power (arm-cranking) and the work (countermovement jump) generated in the anaerobic tests showed a significant and higher correlation with stroke length and stroke index than total body length, upper limb range of motion, or hand and forearm surface area. These results were obtained in accordance with the high swimming economy index relation to clear surface swimming speed. This study reveals that the strength generated by the limbs may represent a predictor of swimming kinematics in a 100 m front crawl performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Strzała
- Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.); (W.R.); (R.W.); (W.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-207-53-33
| | - Piotr Krężałek
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Kamil Sokołowski
- Department of Water Sports, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland; (M.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Łukasz Wądrzyk
- Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jakub Karpiński
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.); (W.R.); (R.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Rejdych
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.); (W.R.); (R.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Robert Wilk
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.); (W.R.); (R.W.); (W.S.)
| | - Wojciech Sadowski
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (J.K.); (W.R.); (R.W.); (W.S.)
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Shimura K, Koizumi K, Yoshizawa T, Aoki T. Physique, range of motion, and gross muscle strength in hemiplegic para swimmers: a cross-sectional case series. J Phys Ther Sci 2021; 33:832-837. [PMID: 34776618 PMCID: PMC8575473 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.33.832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The physical functions related to swimming should be evaluated to enhance competitive performance and prevent sports injuries. This study aimed to determine the physique, range of motion, and gross muscle strength of the limbs among hemiplegic para swimmers. [Participants and Methods] Three male para swimmers with hemiplegia and five male para swimmers with impaired vision were included in the study. The limb circumference, range of motion, quadriceps flexibility, and gross muscle strength were evaluated. The hemiplegic swimmers and swimmers with impaired vision were compared using an unpaired t-test. [Results] The maximum values of the upper and forearm circumferences; the range of motion for shoulder flexion, external rotation, ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic side; and the single-leg sit-to-stand test of the dominant limb were significantly lower in hemiplegic swimmers than in swimmers with impaired vision. [Conclusion] Hemiplegic swimmers had decreased upper limb circumferences on the paretic limb; the range of motion for shoulder flexion, external rotation, and ankle dorsiflexion on the paretic limb; and muscle strength on the dominant lower limb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Shimura
- School of Health Sciences, Tokyo International University: 1-13-1 Matobakita, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1197, Japan
| | - Keisuke Koizumi
- Faculty of Makuhari Human Care, Tohto University, Japan.,Japanese Para Swimming Federation, Japan
| | | | - Takaaki Aoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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