1
|
Sone M, Yamaguchi Y. Cold resistance of mammalian hibernators ∼ a matter of ferroptosis? Front Physiol 2024; 15:1377986. [PMID: 38725569 PMCID: PMC11079186 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1377986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Most mammals adapt thermal physiology around 37°C and large deviations from their range, as observed in severe hypothermia and hyperthermia, resulting in organ dysfunction and individual death. A prominent exception is mammalian hibernation. Mammalian hibernators resist the long-term duration of severe low body temperature that is lethal to non-hibernators, including humans and mice. This cold resistance is supported, at least in part, by intrinsic cellular properties, since primary or immortalized cells from several hibernator species can survive longer than those from non-hibernators when cultured at cold temperatures. Recent studies have suggested that cold-induced cell death fulfills the hallmarks of ferroptosis, a type of necrotic cell death that accompanies extensive lipid peroxidation by iron-ion-mediated reactions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of cold resistance of mammalian hibernators at the cellular and molecular levels to organ and systemic levels and discuss key pathways that confer cold resistance in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sone
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnan JKS, Rice S, Mikes M, Sugiura MH, Drew KL, Barati Z, Oliver SR. Pre-hibernation diet alters skeletal muscle relaxation kinetics, but not force development in torpid arctic ground squirrels. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:65-79. [PMID: 38219236 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
During the hibernation season, Arctic ground squirrels (AGS) experience extreme temperature fluctuations (body temperature, Tb, as low as - 3 °C), during which they are mostly physically inactive. Once Tb reaches ~ 15 °C during interbout arousals, hibernators recruit skeletal muscle (SkM) for shivering thermogenesis to reach Tb of ~ 35 °C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet are known to influence SkM function and metabolism. Recent studies in the cardiac muscle of hibernators have revealed that increased levels of ω-6 and the ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio correlate with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity and hibernation status. We hypothesized that diet (increased ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio) and torpor status are important in the regulation of the SERCA pump and that this may improve SkM performance during hibernation. Ex vivo functional assays were used to characterize performance changes in SkM (diaphragm) from AGS fed the following diets. (1) Standard rodent chow with an ω-6:ω-3 ratio of 5:1, or (2) a balanced diet with an ω-6:ω-3 ratio of 1:1 that roughly mimics wild diet. We collected diaphragms at three different stages of hibernation (early torpor, late torpor, and arousal) and evaluated muscle function under hypothermic temperature stress at 4 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C to determine functional resilience. Our data show that torpid animals fed standard rodent chow have faster SkM relaxation when compared to the balanced diet animals. Furthermore, we discovered that standard rodent chow AGS during torpor has higher SkM relaxation kinetics, but this effect of torpor is eliminated in balanced diet AGS. Interestingly, neither diet nor torpor influenced the rate of force development (rate of calcium release). This is the first study to show that increasing the dietary ω-6:ω-3 PUFA ratio improves skeletal muscle performance during decreased temperatures in a hibernating animal. This evidence supports the interpretation that diet can change some functional properties of the SkM, presumably through membrane lipid composition, ambient temperature, and torpor interaction, with an impact on SkM performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishnu K S Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Sarah Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Monica Mikes
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - M Hoshi Sugiura
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Zeinab Barati
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - S Ryan Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhang A, Xie W, Zhang H, Weng Q, Xu M. Investigation of seasonal changes in lipid synthesis and metabolism-related genes in the oviduct of Chinese brown frog (<em>Rana dybowskii</em>). Eur J Histochem 2023; 67:3890. [PMID: 38116875 PMCID: PMC10773197 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A peculiar physiological characteristic of the Chinese brown frog (Rana dybowskii) is that its oviduct dilates during pre-brumation rather than during the breeding season. This research aimed to examine the expression of genes connected with lipid synthesis and metabolism in the oviduct of R. dybowskii during both the breeding season and pre-brumation. We observed significant changes in the weight and size of the oviduct between the breeding season and pre-brumation. Furthermore, compared to the breeding season, pre-brumation exhibited significantly lower triglyceride content and a marked increase in free fatty acid content. Immunohistochemical results revealed the spatial distribution of triglyceride synthase (Dgat1), triglyceride hydrolase (Lpl and Hsl), fatty acid synthase (Fasn), and fatty acid oxidases (Cpt1a, Acadl, and Hadh) in oviductal glandular cells and epithelial cells during both the breeding season and pre-brumation. While the mRNA levels of triglycerides and free fatty acid synthesis genes (dgat1 and fasn) did not show a significant difference between the breeding season and pre-brumation, the mRNA levels of genes involved in triglycerides and free fatty acid metabolism (lpl, cpt1a, acadl, acox and hadh) were considerably higher during pre-brumation. Furthermore, the R. dybowskii oviduct's transcriptomic and metabolomic data confirmed differential expression of genes and metabolites enriched in lipid metabolism signaling pathways during both the breeding season and pre-brumation. Overall, these results suggest that alterations in lipid synthesis and metabolism during pre-brumation may potentially influence the expanding size of the oviduct, contributing to the successful overwintering of R. dybowskii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yuning Liu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Yawei Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Wenqian Xie
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Haolin Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Qiang Weng
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| | - Meiyu Xu
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao Z, Guo C, Chen Y, Li C, Lei T, Zhou S, Qi D, Xiang Z. Fatty acid metabolization and insulin regulation prevent liver injury from lipid accumulation in Himalayan marmots. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112718. [PMID: 37384524 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat storage and weight gain are dominant traits for hibernating mammals. However, excessive fat accumulation may cause liver damage. Here, we explore the lipid accumulation and metabolic processes of the Himalayan marmot (Marmota himalayana), a hibernating rodent species. We find that the unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content in food was consistent with a large increase in the body mass of Himalayan marmots. Metagenomic analysis shows that Firmicutes Bacterium CAG:110 plays a synergistic role by synthesizing UFAs, which is demonstrated by fecal transplantation experiments, indicating that the gut microbiome promotes fat storage in Himalayan marmots for hibernation. Microscopic examination results indicate that the risk of fatty liver appears at maximum weight; however, liver function is not affected. Upregulations of UFA catabolism and insulin-like growth factor binding protein genes provide an entry point for avoiding liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Bao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, China
| | - Tao Lei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Shuailing Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Dunwu Qi
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610081, China
| | - Zuofu Xiang
- Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Biology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Yuelushan Laboratory, Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Strandvik B, Qureshi AR, Painer J, Backman-Johansson C, Engvall M, Fröbert O, Kindberg J, Stenvinkel P, Giroud S. Elevated plasma phospholipid n-3 docosapentaenoic acid concentrations during hibernation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285782. [PMID: 37294822 PMCID: PMC10256182 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors for initiating hibernation are unknown, but the condition shares some metabolic similarities with consciousness/sleep, which has been associated with n-3 fatty acids in humans. We investigated plasma phospholipid fatty acid profiles during hibernation and summer in free-ranging brown bears (Ursus arctos) and in captive garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) contrasting in their hibernation patterns. The dormice received three different dietary fatty acid concentrations of linoleic acid (LA) (19%, 36% and 53%), with correspondingly decreased alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (32%, 17% and 1.4%). Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids showed small differences between summer and hibernation in both species. The dormice diet influenced n-6 fatty acids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentrations in plasma phospholipids. Consistent differences between summer and hibernation in bears and dormice were decreased ALA and EPA and marked increase of n-3 docosapentaenoic acid and a minor increase of docosahexaenoic acid in parallel with several hundred percent increase of the activity index of elongase ELOVL2 transforming C20-22 fatty acids. The highest LA supply was unexpectantly associated with the highest transformation of the n-3 fatty acids. Similar fatty acid patterns in two contrasting hibernating species indicates a link to the hibernation phenotype and requires further studies in relation to consciousness and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgitta Strandvik
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johanna Painer
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Engvall
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ole Fröbert
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Health, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- StenoDiabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aymen J, Delnatte P, Beaufrère H, Chalil D, Steckel KE, Gourlie S, Stark KD, McAdie M. Comparison of blood leptin and vitamin E and blood and adipose fatty acid compositions in wild and captive populations of critically endangered Vancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis). Zoo Biol 2022; 42:308-321. [PMID: 36176181 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vancouver Island marmots (Marmota vancouverensis) (VIMs) are a critically endangered species of fat-storing hibernators, endemic to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. In addition to in-situ conservation efforts, a captive breeding program has been ongoing since 1997. The captive diet is mostly pellet-based and rich in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In captivity, overall length of hibernation is shortened, and marmots have higher adipose tissue reserves compared to their wild-born counterparts, which may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in captive marmots. To investigate differences in lipid metabolism between wild and captive populations of VIMs, blood vitamin E, fatty acid (FA) profiles and leptin, and white adipose tissue (WAT) FA profiles were compared during the active season (May to September 2019). Gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and multiplex kits were used to obtain FA profiles, α-tocopherol, and leptin values, respectively. In both plasma and WAT, the concentration of the sum of all FA in the total lipids was significantly increased in captive VIMs. The n-6/n-3 ratio, saturated FAs, and n-6 PUFAS were higher in captive marmots, whereas n-3 PUFAs and the HUFA score were higher in wild marmots. Serum concentrations of α-tocopherol were greater by an average of 45% in captive marmots, whereas leptin concentrations did not differ. Results from this study may be applied to improve the diet and implement weight management to possibly enhance the quality of hibernation and decrease the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases of captive VIMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aymen
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Toronto Zoo, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Hugues Beaufrère
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dan Chalil
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaudia E Steckel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malcolm McAdie
- Marmot Recovery Foundation, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Siutz C, Nemeth M, Quint R, Wagner KH, Millesi E. PUFA changes in white adipose tissue during hibernation in common hamsters. Physiol Biochem Zool 2022; 95:525-535. [DOI: 10.1086/721444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
8
|
Blanco MB, Greene LK, Ellsaesser LN, Schopler B, Davison M, Ostrowski C, Klopfer PH, Fietz J, Ehmke EE. Of fruits and fats: high-sugar diets restore fatty acid profiles in the white adipose tissue of captive dwarf lemurs. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220598. [PMID: 35703045 PMCID: PMC9198768 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat-storing hibernators rely on fatty acids from white adipose tissue (WAT) as an energy source to sustain hibernation. Whereas arctic and temperate hibernators preferentially recruit dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tropical hibernators can rely on monounsaturated fatty acids that produce fewer lipid peroxides during oxidation. Nevertheless, compositional data on WAT from tropical hibernators are scant and questions remain regarding fat recruitment and metabolism under different environmental conditions. We analyse fatty acid profiles from the WAT of captive dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) subjected to high-sugar or high-fat diets during fattening and cold or warm conditions during hibernation. Dwarf lemurs fed high-sugar (compared to high-fat) diets displayed WAT profiles more comparable to wild lemurs that fatten on fruits and better depleted their fat reserves during hibernation. One PUFA, linoleic acid, remained elevated before hibernation, potentially lingering from the diets provisioned prior to fattening. That dwarf lemurs preferentially recruit the PUFA linoleic acid from diets that are naturally low in availability could explain the discrepancy between captive and wild lemurs' WAT. While demonstrating that minor dietary changes can produce major changes in seasonal fat deposition and depletion, our results highlight the complex role for PUFA metabolism in the ecology of tropical hibernators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Blanco
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L. K. Greene
- Duke Lemur Center, Durham, NC, USA,Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - P. H. Klopfer
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J. Fietz
- Department of Zoology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mikes M, Rice SA, Bibus D, Kitaysky A, Drew KL. Translating PUFA omega 6:3 ratios from wild to captive hibernators (Urocitellus parryii) enhances sex-dependent mass-gain without increasing physiological stress indicators. J Comp Physiol B 2022; 192:529-540. [PMID: 35503574 PMCID: PMC9197884 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are well-documented for their influence on health and weight loss. Recent studies indicate omega 3 PUFAs may exert a negative impact on cellular stress and physiology in some hibernators. We asked if physiological stress indicators, lipid peroxidation and mass gain in Arctic Ground Squirrels (AGS) were negatively influenced by naturally occurring dietary omega 3 PUFA levels compared to omega 3 PUFA levels found in common laboratory diets. We found plasma fatty acid profiles of free-ranging AGS to be high in omega 3 PUFAs with balanced omega 6:3 ratios, while standard laboratory diets and plasma of captive AGS are high in omega 6 and low in omega 3 PUFAs with higher omega 6:3 ratios. Subsequently, we designed a diet to mimick free-range AGS omega 6:3 ratios in captive AGS. Groups of wild-caught juvenile AGS were either fed: (1) Mazuri Rodent Chow (Standard Rodent chow, 4.95 omega 6:3 ratio), or (2) balanced omega 6:3 chow (Balanced Diet, 1.38 omega 6:3). AGS fed the Balanced Diet had plasma omega 6:3 ratios that mimicked plasma profiles of wild AGS. Balanced Diet increased female body mass before hibernation, but did not influence levels of cortisol in plasma or levels of the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE in brown adipose tissue. Overall, as the mass gain is critical during pre-hibernation for obligate hibernators, the results show that mimicking a fatty acid profile of wild AGS facilitates sex-dependent mass accumulation without increasing stress indicators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mikes
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Sarah A Rice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. .,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
| | - Doug Bibus
- Lipid Technologies, LLC, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Kitaysky
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.,Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| | - Kelly L Drew
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.,Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
| |
Collapse
|