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Bisch VK, Dauner ALL, Taniguchi S, Lourenço RA, Bícego MC, Montone RC, Martins CC. One century of variations in organic matter inputs in marine Antarctic sediments: Insights from bulk and isotopic data. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175029. [PMID: 39117211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The elemental composition and carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes of sedimentary organic matter (OM) are vital geochemical tools for understanding environments, physical and biogeochemical processes, and even paleoclimatic conditions on Earth. Given that the Antarctic Peninsula region is one of the few areas that remain relatively preserved compared to many other regions on Earth, sensitive to climate change, and yet remains the least explored continent, this study aimed to characterise the elemental (total organic carbon and total nitrogen) and isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) composition of marine sediments from various regions of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Antarctica. This was done to assess potential sources of OM. The sampling included: (i) 17 surface sediment samples collected across the bay in January 2020; (ii) surface sediment samples collected during the 2009-2019 period at three specific inlets of Admiralty Bay; and (iii) three sediment cores collected from each inlet in 2007-2008. TOC and TN varied from 0.09 to 0.99 % and 0.02 to 0.18 %, respectively. The δ13C values ranged from -25.9 to -18.4 ‰, while the δ15N values varied from -12.4 to 22.7 ‰. The C/N ratio values were from 2.5 to 19.3. OM in sediments from Ezcurra Inlet primarily originates from terrestrial plants prevalent in Antarctica, such as mosses and lichens, alongside aquatic plants like algae and phyto- and zooplankton. Similarly, Mackelar Inlet is characterised by substantial contributions from these abovementioned sources. In contrast, Martel Inlet exhibits diverse sources, predominantly influenced by various marine mammals and seabirds and their excrements, in addition to the signals from mosses and lichens. Recent sediments sampled post-2008 in Martel Inlet show a decreased contribution from animal sources, with mosses and lichens emerging as the predominant contributors, corroborating patterns observed in the other inlets. Our findings suggest that climate change is expanding ice-free areas, promoting the growth of terrestrial vegetation, and altering the composition of sedimentary OM in Admiralty Bay, indicating changes over the studied time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane K Bisch
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos (PGSISCO), Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 61, 83255-976, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
| | - Ana Lúcia L Dauner
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Lourenço
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia C Bícego
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda C Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - César C Martins
- Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, 05508-120, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Estudos do Mar, Campus Pontal do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Beira Mar, s/n, 83255-976 Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brazil.
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Galli G, Morigi C, Thuy B, Gariboldi K. Late Holocene echinoderm assemblages can serve as paleoenvironmental tracers in an Antarctic fjord. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15300. [PMID: 38961160 PMCID: PMC11222549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
High Latitude fjords can serve as sediment trap, bearing different type of proxies, from geochemical to micropaleontological ones, making them exceptional tools for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. However, some unconventional proxies can be present and can be used to depict a comprehensive and exhaustive interpretation of past changes. Here, studying a sediment core in Edisto Inlet (Ross Sea, Antarctica) we used irregular echinoid spines and ophiuroids (Ophionotus victoriae) ossicles to trace environmental changes throughout the last 3.6 kyrs BP. Irregular echinoids can serve as proxy for the organic matter content, while O. victoriae ossicles can be used as proxy for steady sea-ice cycle along with organic deposition events. O. victoriae release a high number of ossicles, making estimation about the population quite challenging; still, presence data, can be easily collected. By applying Generative Additive Models to the stratigraphical distribution of these data, we detected an environmental phase that was previously unnoticed by other traditional proxies: the Ophiuroid Optimum (2-1.5 kyrs BP). In conclusion, here we demonstrate how echinoderm presence can be used as a valuable source of information, while proving the potential of modelling binary data to detect long-term trend in Holocene stratigraphical records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Galli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venice, Italy.
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Caterina Morigi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ben Thuy
- Department of Paleontology, Natural History Museum Luxembourg, 25 rue Münster, 2160, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Karen Gariboldi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, Via Santa Maria 53, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Kim T, Lee C, Kwon I, Lee J, Park SY, Kim DU, Lee J, Jin G, Yousefzadeh M, Bae H, Yoo Y, Kim JJ, Noh J, Hong S, Kwon BO, Chang WK, Chang GS, Khim JS. Integrated assessment of the natural purification capacity of tidal flat for persistent toxic substances and heavy metals in contaminated sediments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108534. [PMID: 38458115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Natural purification of pollutants is highly recognized as regulating ecosystem services; however, the purification capacity of tidal flats remains largely unknown and/or unquantified. A 60-day mesocosm transplant experiment was conducted in situ to assess the purification capacity of natural tidal flats. We adopted the advanced sediment quality triad approach, monitoring 10 endpoints, including chemical reduction, toxicity changes, and community recoveries. The results indicated that contaminated sediments rapidly recovered over time, particularly > 50% within a day, then slowly recovered up to ∼ 70% in a given period (60 days). A significant early reduction of parent pollutants was evidenced across all treatments, primarily due to active bacterial decomposition. Notably, the presence of benthic fauna and vegetated halophytes in the treatments significantly enhanced the purification of pollutants in both efficacy and efficiency. A forecast linear modeling further suggested additive effects of biota on the natural purification of tidal flats, reducing a full recovery time from 500 to 300 days. Overall, the triad approach with machine learning practices successfully demonstrated quantitative insight into the integrated assessment of natural purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoo Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changkeun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inha Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junghyun Lee
- Department of Environmental Education, Kongju National University, Gongju 32588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin Yeong Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-U Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongmin Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gayoung Jin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mehdi Yousefzadeh
- School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hanna Bae
- GeoSystem Research Corporation, Gunpo 15807, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeonjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junsung Noh
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Marine Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won Keun Chang
- Korea Maritime Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gap Soo Chang
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E2, Canada.
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ko YW, Lee DS, Kim JH, Ha SY, Kim S, Choi HG. The glacier melting process is an invisible barrier to the development of Antarctic subtidal macroalgal assemblages. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116438. [PMID: 37331559 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ecological macroalgal succession in glacier-free areas has remained at the pioneer seral stage despite six decades of glacial retreat at Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. With the rapid melting of glaciers in the West Antarctic Peninsula owing to global warming, a massive amount of meltwater is flowing into the coast, creating marine environmental gradients such as turbidity, water temperature, and salinity. This study examined the spatial and vertical distributions (up to a depth of 25 m) of macroalgal assemblages from nine sites in Maxwell Bay and Marian Cove. The macroalgal assemblages were analyzed for six sites located 0.2, 0.8, 1.2, 2.2, 3.6, and 4.1 km away from the glacier, including three sites where the glacial retreat history of Marian Cove could be estimated. To investigate the effects of meltwater, differences in the coastal environment were analyzed based on data collected from five stations located 0.4, 0.9, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 km away from the glacier. The macroalgal assemblages and marine environment were divided into two groups-inside and outside the cove-based on the region 2-3 km away from the glacier, which has been ice-free since 1956 and shows significant differences. In the three sites near the glacier front, Palmaria decipiens was dominant, and three to four species were distributed, whereas in the two sites outside the cove, nine and 14 species appeared, respectively, similar to the assemblage of the other three sites in Maxwell Bay. Palmaria decipiens, a representative opportunistic pioneer species in Antarctica, is dominant because of its physiological adaptation despite the high turbidity and low water temperature of the glacier front. This study shows that macroalgal assemblages in Antarctic fjord-like coves respond to glacial retreat and are valuable in understanding the macroalgal succession in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wook Ko
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Seok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yong Ha
- Division of Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gu Choi
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea.
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Chen HY, Li CQ, Chen SY, Xiao H. Metagenomic analysis reveals hidden links between gut microbes and habitat adaptation among cave and surface dwelling Sinocyclocheilus species. Zool Res 2023; 44:793-807. [PMID: 37464937 PMCID: PMC10415777 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2022.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbes are closely related to vital host functions such as digestion and nutrient absorption, which play important roles in enhancing host adaptability. As a natural "laboratory", caves provide an outstanding model for understanding the significance of gut microbes and feeding habits in the habitat adaptability of hosts. However, research on the relationship between gut microbes, feeding habits, and the adaptability of troglobites remains insufficient. In this study, we compared the characteristics of the intestinal microbes of Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish and further established the relationship between intestinal and habitat microbes. Furthermore, we conducted environmental DNA (eDNA) (metabarcoding) analysis of environmental samples to clarify the composition of potential food resources in the habitats of the Sinocyclocheilus cavefish and surface fish. Results showed that the structure of the Sinocyclocheilus gut microbes was more related to ecological type (habitat type) than phylogenetic relationships. While horizontal transfer of habitat microbes was a source of gut microbes, hosts also showed strong selection for inherent microbes as dominant microorganisms. Differences in the composition and structure of gut microbes, especially dominant microbes, may enhance the adaptability of the two Sinocyclocheilus fish types from the perspectives of food intake, nutrient utilization, and harmful substance metabolism, suggesting that food resources, predation patterns, intestinal flora, digestive and absorptive capacity, and feeding habits and preferences are linked to habitat adaptability. These results should facilitate our understanding of the significance of fish gut microbes to habitat adaptation and provide a new perspective for studying the adaptive mechanisms of cavefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yu Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical School, Kunming, Yunnan 650031, China
| | - Chun-Qing Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shan-Yuan Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. E-mail:
| | - Hen Xiao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China. E-mail:
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Zenteno-Devaud L, Aguirre-Martinez GV, Andrade C, Cárdenas L, Pardo LM, González HE, Garrido I. Feeding Ecology of Odontaster validus under Different Environmental Conditions in the West Antarctic Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121723. [PMID: 36552233 PMCID: PMC9775070 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To study how Odontaster validus can influence the spatial structure of Antarctic benthic communities and how they respond to disturbance, it is necessary to assess potential dietary shifts in different habitats. We investigated the diets of O. validus from Maxwell Bay and South Bay in the West Antarctic Peninsula. A multifaceted approach was applied including in situ observations of cardiac stomach everted contents, isotopic niche, and trophic diversity metrics. Results confirm the flexible foraging strategy of this species under markedly different environmental conditions, suggesting plasticity in resource use. The data also showed evidence of isotopic niche expansion, high δ15N values, and Nacella concinna as a common food item for individuals inhabiting a site with low seasonal sea ice (Ardley Cove), which could have significant ecological implications such as new trophic linkages within the Antarctic benthic community. These results highlight the importance of considering trophic changes of key species to their environment as multiple ecological factors can vary as a function of climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Zenteno-Devaud
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4081112, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martinez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Claudia Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210738, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Humberto E. González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ignacio Garrido
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco (LCRAC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Québec-Océan, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Jeon M, Iriarte JL, Yang EJ, Kang SH, Lee Y, Joo HM, Ahn IY, Park J, Min GS, Park SJ. Phytoplankton succession during a massive coastal diatom bloom at Marian Cove, King George Island, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Collection of Environmental Variables and Bacterial Community Compositions in Marian Cove, Antarctica, during Summer 2018. DATA 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/data6030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine bacteria, which are known as key drivers for marine biogeochemical cycles and Earth’s climate system, are mainly responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and production of climate-relevant gases (i.e., CO₂, N₂O, and CH₄). However, research is still required to fully understand the correlation between environmental variables and bacteria community composition. Marine bacteria living in the Marian Cove, where the inflow of freshwater has been rapidly increasing due to substantial glacial retreat, must be undergoing significant environmental changes. During the summer of 2018, we conducted a hydrographic survey to collect environmental variables and bacterial community composition data at three different layers (i.e., the seawater surface, middle, and bottom layers) from 15 stations. Of all the bacterial data, 17 different phylum level bacteria and 21 different class level bacteria were found and Proteobacteria occupy 50.3% at phylum level following Bacteroidetes. Gammaproteobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, which belong to Proteobacteria, are the highest proportion at the class level. Gammaproteobacteria showed the highest relative abundance in all three seawater layers. The collection of environmental variables and bacterial composition data contributes to improving our understanding of the significant relationships between marine Antarctic regions and marine bacteria that lives in the Antarctic.
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