1
|
Morpurgo M, Marrone F, Ciutti F, Cappelletti C, Vorhauser S, Alber R, Dossena M, Salmaso N, Fontaneto D, Caputo L, Vecchioni L. Distribution and Genetic Lineages of the Craspedacusta sowerbii Species Complex (Cnidaria, Olindiidae) in Italy. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:202. [PMID: 38666814 PMCID: PMC11048658 DOI: 10.3390/biology13040202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Olindiid freshwater jellyfishes of the genus Craspedacusta Lankester, 1880 are native to eastern Asia; however, some species within the genus have been introduced worldwide and are nowadays present in all continents except Antarctica. To date, there is no consensus regarding the taxonomy within the genus Craspedacusta due to the morphological plasticity of the medusa stages. The species Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 was first recorded in Italy in 1946, and until 2017, sightings of the jellyfish Craspedacusta were reported for 40 water bodies. Here, we shed new light on the presence of the freshwater jellyfishes belonging to the genus Craspedacusta across the Italian peninsula, Sardinia, and Sicily. First, we report 21 new observations of this non-native taxon, of which eighteen refer to medusae sightings, two to environmental DNA sequencing, and one to the finding of polyps. Then, we investigate the molecular diversity of collected Craspedacusta specimens, using a Bayesian analysis of sequences of the mitochondrial gene encoding for Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I (mtDNA COI). Our molecular analysis shows the presence of two distinctive genetic lineages: (i) a group that comprises sequences obtained from populations ranging from central to northern Italy; (ii) a group that comprises three populations from northern Italy-i.e., those from the Lake Levico, the Lake Santo of Monte Terlago, and the Lake Endine-and the single known Sicilian population. We also report for the first time a mtDNA COI sequence obtained from a Craspedacusta medusa collected in Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Morpurgo
- Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Via Bottai 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Federico Marrone
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
- NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Francesca Ciutti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Cappelletti
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Samuel Vorhauser
- Biological Laboratory, Agency for Environment and Climate Protection of the Autonomous Province Bolzano South Tyrol, Via Sottomonte 2, 39055 Laives, Italy; (S.V.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Renate Alber
- Biological Laboratory, Agency for Environment and Climate Protection of the Autonomous Province Bolzano South Tyrol, Via Sottomonte 2, 39055 Laives, Italy; (S.V.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Matteo Dossena
- Biological Laboratory, Agency for Environment and Climate Protection of the Autonomous Province Bolzano South Tyrol, Via Sottomonte 2, 39055 Laives, Italy; (S.V.); (R.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Nico Salmaso
- NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.S.); (D.F.)
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- NBFC (National Biodiversity Future Center), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (N.S.); (D.F.)
- National Research Council, Water Research Institute (CNR-IRSA), Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza, Italy
| | - Luciano Caputo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Luca Vecchioni
- Department STEBICEF, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 18, 90123 Palermo, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gießler S, Strauss T, Schachtl K, Jankowski T, Klotz R, Stibor H. Trophic Positions of Polyp and Medusa Stages of the Freshwater Jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Based on Stable Isotope Analysis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:814. [PMID: 37372099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
When species spread into new regions, competition with native species and predatory-prey relationships play a major role in whether the new species can successfully establish itself in the recipient food web and become invasive. In aquatic habitats, species with a metagenetic life cycle, such as the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta with benthic polyps and planktonic medusae, have to meet the requirements of two distinct life stages occurring in two habitats with different food webs. Here, we examined the trophic position of both life stages, known to be predatory, and compared their niches with those of putative native competitors using stable isotope analysis. We found that δ13C and δ15N signatures of medusae overlapped with those of co-occurring Chaoborus larvae and juvenile fish (Rutilus rutilus) in a well-studied lake, implying high competition with these native predators. The comparison of δ15N signatures of Hydra and Craspedacusta polyps in four additional lakes revealed their similar trophic position, matching their predatory lifestyle. However, their δ13C signatures differed not only across all four of the lakes studied but also within one lake over time, suggesting a preference for pelagic or benthic food sources. We conclude that invasive and native polyps differ in their niches due to different food spectra, which favors the invasion success of Craspedacusta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Gießler
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tido Strauss
- Research Institute for Ecosystem Analysis and Assessment (gaiac), Kackertstrasse 10, 52072 Aachen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schachtl
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Thomas Jankowski
- Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Mainaustraße 252, 78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ramona Klotz
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herwig Stibor
- Faculty of Biology, Aquatic Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The establishment of ecological conservation for herpetofauna species in hotspot areas of South Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14839. [PMID: 36050350 PMCID: PMC9436999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19129-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the geographic distribution of species is crucial for establishing protected areas. This study aimed to identify the preferred habitat environment of South Korean herpetofauna using distribution point information, providing the information necessary to protect their habitat by establishing a species distribution model. We found that climate variables in the region where 19 amphibians and 20 reptiles were distributed correlated with the altitude, suggesting that altitude had a major influence on their distribution. The species distribution modeling indicated that 10–12 amphibian and 13–16 reptile species inhabit the Gangwon-do region, forming hotspot areas in the eastern and western regions around the Taebaek Mountains. Some of these hotspot areas occurred in the Demilitarized Zone and national parks, which are government-managed ecological conservation areas. However, some hotspot areas are vulnerable to habitat destruction due to development and deforestation as they are not designated conservation areas. Therefore, it is necessary to establish new conservation areas with a focus on herpetofauna after confirming the actual inhabitation of species through precise monitoring in predicted hotspot areas and designating them as protected areas. Our results can serve as important basic data for establishing protection measures and designating protected areas for herpetofauna species.
Collapse
|
4
|
Marchessaux G, Lüskow F, Bejean M, Pakhomov EA. Increasing Temperature Facilitates Polyp Spreading and Medusa Appearance of the Invasive Hydrozoan Craspedacusta sowerbii. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081100. [PMID: 35892956 PMCID: PMC9331908 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii is among the most widespread invasive species, observed across a wide temperature range. The aim of this study is to analyze the polyp and medusa stages response to different temperatures by using (i) an experimental study on the polyp colony growth at 19 and 29 °C, and (ii) prediction of the Thermal Habitat Suitability (THS) based on the thermal tolerance of the medusa stage. The total number of polyps and colonies was greater at high temperature. At 19 °C, colonies with 1 to 5 polyps were present, with colonies of 1 to 3 polyps numerically dominating. At 29 °C, colonies were 80% composed of 1- to 2-polyps. Based on the published medusa pulsation rhythm data, a Thermal Performance Curve (TPC) regression was performed and used to monthly predict the THS for current and future (2050 and 2100) scenarios. The southern hemisphere offered optimal conditions (THS > 0.6) year-round. In the northern hemisphere, the optimum period was predicted to be between June and September. The future THS were considerably larger than at present with an increase in optimal THS at higher latitudes (up to 60° N). The combination of experimental and modeling approaches allows to identify the optimal thermal conditions of the polyp and medusa stages and to predict their invasive capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Marchessaux
- Department of Earth and Marine Science, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Florian Lüskow
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2039-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (F.L.); (E.A.P.)
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mickaël Bejean
- Muséum de Besançon, 99 Rue Des Fusillés, La Citadelle, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Evgeny A. Pakhomov
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2039-2207 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (F.L.); (E.A.P.)
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada
| |
Collapse
|