1
|
Gayathri K, Vidya R. Carbon nanomaterials as carriers for the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin: a review on theoretical and experimental studies. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3992-4014. [PMID: 39114152 PMCID: PMC11302188 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00278d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing worldwide in a life-threatening manner. In such a scenario, the development of anti-cancer drugs with minimal side effects and effective drug delivery systems is of paramount importance. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the powerful anti-cancer drugs from the chemical family anthracycline, which is used to treat a wide variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and hematological malignancies. However, DOX has been associated with many side effects, including lethal cardiotoxicity, baldness, gastrointestinal disturbances and cognitive function impairment. Even though DOX is administered in liposomal formulations to reduce its toxicity and enhance its therapeutic profile, the liposomal formulations themselves have certain therapeutic profile limitations such as "palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (PPE)", which shows severe swelling and redness in the skin, thus restricting the dosage and reducing patient compliance. In contemporary chemotherapy research, there is a great interest in the utilization of nanomaterials for precise and targeted drug delivery applications, especially using carbon-based nanomaterials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of both experimental and theoretical scientific works, exploring diverse forms of carbon-based materials such as graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes that function as carriers for DOX. In addition, the review consolidates information on the fate of the carriers after the delivery of the payload at the site of action through different imaging techniques and the various pathways through which the body eliminates these nanomaterials. In conclusion, the review presents a detailed overview of the toxicities associated with these carriers within the human body, contributing to the development of enhanced drug delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Gayathri
- Centre for Materials Informatics(C-mAIn), Sir. C.V. Raman Science Block, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
- Department of Physics, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
| | - R Vidya
- Centre for Materials Informatics(C-mAIn), Sir. C.V. Raman Science Block, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
- Department of Physics, Anna University Sardar Patel Road, Guindy Chennai 600 025 India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong E, Huo Q, Zhang J, Han H, Cai T, Liu D. Advancements in nanoscale delivery systems: optimizing intermolecular interactions for superior drug encapsulation and precision release. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w. [PMID: 38573495 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01579-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanoscale preparations, such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes, are increasingly recognized in pharmaceutical technology for their high capability in tailoring the pharmacokinetics of the encapsulated drug within the body. These preparations have great potential in extending drug half-life, reducing dosing frequency, mitigating drug side effects, and enhancing drug efficacy. Consequently, nanoscale preparations offer promising prospects for the treatment of metabolic disorders, malignant tumors, and various chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the complete clinical potential of nanoscale preparations remains untapped due to the challenges associated with low drug loading degrees and insufficient control over drug release. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the vital role of intermolecular interactions in enhancing encapsulation and controlling drug release within nanoscale delivery systems. Our analysis critically evaluates the characteristics of common intermolecular interactions and elucidates the techniques employed to assess them. Moreover, we highlight the significant potential of intermolecular interactions in clinical translation, particularly in the screening and optimization of preparation prescriptions. By attaining a deeper understanding of intermolecular interaction properties and mechanisms, we can adopt a more rational approach to designing drug carriers, leading to substantial advancements in the application and clinical transformation of nanoscale preparations. Moving forward, continued research in this field offers exciting prospects for unlocking the full clinical potential of nanoscale preparations and revolutionizing the field of drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enpeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hanghang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Dongfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shu Q, Huang P, Dong Z, Wang W. Molecular dynamics investigation on synthesis of a pH- and temperature-sensitive carbon nanotube loaded with doxorubicin. iScience 2024; 27:108812. [PMID: 38303688 PMCID: PMC10831279 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The many exotic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them a powerful attraction in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS). In this work, based on quantum chemical calculation and molecular simulation techniques, polyacrylic acid (PAA) and N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIP) are selected and acted simultaneously on the CNT to form a stable system (FCNT). As a potential DDS, FCNT captures the dispersed doxorubicin (DOX) molecules around it and maintains a stable configuration. In these processes, electrostatic and van der Waals forces act synergistically, with van der Waals forces dominating. Compared to NIP, PAA molecules exhibit stronger adhesion and encapsulation efficiency to CNT and stronger adsorption capacity to DOX. This study reveals the mechanism of action among PAA, NIP, CNT, and DOX, providing feasibility verification and prospective guidance for the experimental synthesis of PAA-NIP-CNT-type multifunctional DDS, and also broadening the idea for exploring more efficient DDS suitable for DOX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qijiang Shu
- Institute of Information, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
- Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Pengru Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials and Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Structure and Property for New Energy and Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye M, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Wang X. Magnetic Microrobots with Folate Targeting for Drug Delivery. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2023; 4:0019. [PMID: 37223549 PMCID: PMC10202387 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Untethered microrobots can be used for cargo delivery (e.g., drug molecules, stem cells, and genes) targeting designated areas. However, it is not enough to just reach the lesion site, as some drugs can only play the best therapeutic effect within the cells. To this end, folic acid (FA) was introduced into microrobots in this work as a key to mediate endocytosis of drugs into cells. The microrobots here were fabricated with biodegradable gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and modified with magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF). The porous structure of MOF and the hydrogel network of polymerized GelMA were used for the loading of enough FA and anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) respectively. Utilizing the magnetic property of magnetic MOF, these microrobots can gather around the lesion site with the navigation of magnetic fields. The combination effects of FA targeting and magnetic navigation substantially improve the anticancer efficiency of these microrobots. The result shows that the cancer cells inhibition rate of microrobots with FA can be up to 93%, while that of the ones without FA was only 78%. The introduction of FA is a useful method to improve the drug transportation ability of microrobots, providing a meaningful reference for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518129, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518129, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518129, China
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society (AIRS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518129, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kordzadeh A, Zarif M, Amjad-Iranagh S. Molecular dynamics insight of interaction between the functionalized-carbon nanotube and cancerous cell membrane in doxorubicin delivery. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 230:107332. [PMID: 36603233 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2022.107332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) is a known anticancer drug which is widely used in cancer therapy. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most promising platforms for smart drug delivery applications. However, due to the toxicity and their low sulubility their application is limited and their functionalization with wide range of biomolecules are suggested. Therefore, the functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNT) with carboxyl (CNT-COO) and folic acid (CNT-COO-FA) were investigated as drug-carrier. METHODS Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation along with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods are being used to study the drug loading process on functionalized carbon nanotubes. RESULTS The results indicate that doxorubicin molecules interact more with CNT-COO-FA than CNT-COO. The embedded dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer with a folate receptor was considered a cancerous cell's representative model. Then the drug release from the f-CNTs near the lipid bilayer was simulated. The results showed that CNT-COO-FA with a pH and ligand-sensitive mechanism strongly interacts with cancerous cells, which led to higher drug release, in agreement with the experimental results. The conformational changes of the lipid bilayer and folate receptor during drug release were evaluated. The analysis showed that drug release from CNT-COO-FA has significantly changed lipid bilayer and receptor conformations. The obtained results were interpreted and justified by considering the molecular mechanisms which control the drug delivery in the studied systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on the obtained results, CNT-COO-FA has a better performance during the drug release compared to CNT-COO in delivering doxorubicin. Both pH and ligand sensitive mechanisms are found to be responsible for higher drug delivery efficiency of CNT-COO-FA. In contrast, CNT-COO can only enhance drug delivery efficiently with a pH-sensitive mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Kordzadeh
- Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 145888-9694, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarif
- Department of Physical and Computational Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 19839-9411, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Amjad-Iranagh
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 115875-4313, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kavyani S, Amjad-Iranagh S, Zarif M. Effect of temperature, pH, and terminal groups on structural properties of carbon nanotube-dendrimer composites: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
7
|
Liu D, Li T, Sun W, Zhou W, Zhang G. Magnetic Ti 3C 2 MXene Nanomaterials for Doxorubicin Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:31945-31953. [PMID: 36119995 PMCID: PMC9475625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the magnetic Ti3C2 MXene functionalized with β-cyclodextrin was prepared and characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The synthesized nanomaterial was used as an adsorbent to adsorb doxorubicin from aqueous solutions, and the experimental parameters that affected the adsorption efficiency were investigated. In addition, the adsorption characteristics including adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and thermodynamics were researched comprehensively. The adsorption kinetics of doxorubicin followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which indicated that adsorption was the rate-limiting step, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 7.35 μg mg-1 by shaking for 60 min at pH 7.0. The adsorption isotherm was well described using the Freundlich model, which implied that multilayer adsorption took place over the prepared nanomaterial for doxorubicin adsorption. The negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG 0 < 0) demonstrated that doxorubicin adsorption was a spontaneous process. The positive values of entropy change (ΔS 0 > 0) implied that doxorubicin adsorption was an increasing random process. Enthalpy change values were positive (ΔH 0 > 0) and indicated that the adsorption of doxorubicin was endothermic. The adsorption percentage of doxorubicin remained in the range of 41.05-44.09%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) based on the adsorption percentage through five replicate adsorption and desorption processes was 2.8%. These results indicated that the magnetic Ti3C2 MXene nanomaterials can be an effective adsorbent to adsorb DOX from aqueous solutions.
Collapse
|
8
|
Torrik A, Zaerin S, Zarif M. Doxorubicin and Imatinib co-drug delivery using non-covalently functionalized carbon nanotube: Molecular dynamics study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|