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Aly Khalil AM, Saied E, Mekky AE, Saleh AM, Al Zoubi OM, Hashem AH. Green biosynthesis of bimetallic selenium-gold nanoparticles using Pluchea indica leaves and their biological applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1294170. [PMID: 38274007 PMCID: PMC10809157 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1294170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing bacterial resistance and the negative impact of currently used antibacterial agents have produced the need for novel antibacterial agents and anticancer drugs. In this regard, nanotechnology could provide safer and more efficient therapeutic agents. The main methods for nanoparticle production are chemical and physical approaches that are often costly and environmentally unsafe. In the current study, Pluchea indica leaf extract was used for the biosynthesis of bimetallic selenium-gold nanoparticles (Se-Au BNPs) for the first time. Phytochemical examinations revealed that P. indica leaf extract includes 90.25 mg/g dry weight (DW) phenolics, 275.53 mg/g DW flavonoids, and 26.45 mg/g DW tannins. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques were employed to characterize Se-Au BNPs. Based on UV-vis spectra, the absorbance of Se-Au BNPs peaked at 238 and 374 nm. In SEM imaging, Se-Au BNPs emerged as bright particles, and both Au and Se were uniformly distributed throughout the P. indica leaf extract. XRD analysis revealed that the average size of Se-Au BNPs was 45.97 nm. The Se-Au BNPs showed antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 31.25, 15.62, 31.25, and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. Surprisingly, a cytotoxicity assay revealed that the IC50 value toward the Wi 38 normal cell line was 116.8 μg/mL, implying that all of the MICs described above could be used safely. More importantly, Se-Au BNPs have shown higher anticancer efficacy against human breast cancer cells (MCF7), with an IC50 value of 13.77 μg/mL. In conclusion, this paper is the first to provide data on the effective utilization of P. indica leaf extract in the biosynthesis of biologically active Se-Au BNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebrahim Saied
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alsayed E. Mekky
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Saleh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Mahmoud Al Zoubi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr H. Hashem
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Asiri M, Singh T, Mohammad A, Al Ali A, Alqahtani A, Saeed M, Srivastava M. Bacterial cellulase production via co-fermentation of paddy straw and Litchi waste and its stability assessment in the presence of ZnMg mixed-phase hydroxide-based nanocomposite derived from Litchi chinensis seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124284. [PMID: 37003389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Co-fermentation via co-cultured bacterial microorganisms to develop enzymes in solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising approach. This strategy is imperative in a series of sustainable and effective approaches due to superior microbial growth and the use of a combination of inexpensive feedstocks for enzyme production wherein mutually participating enzyme-producing microbial communities are employed. Moreover, the addition of nanomaterials to this technique may aid in its prominent advantage of enhancing enzyme production. This strategy may be able to decrease the overall cost of the bioprocessing to produce enzymes by further implementing biogenic, route-derived nanomaterials as catalysts.Therefore, the present study attempts to explore endoglucanase (EG) production using a bacterial coculture system by employing two different bacterial strains, namely, Bacillus subtillius and Seretia marchansea under SSF in the presence of a ZnMg hydroxide-based nanocompositeas a nanocatalyst. The nanocatalyst based on ZnMg hydroxide has been prepared via green synthesis using Litchi waste seed, while SSF for EG production has been conducted using cofermentation of litchi seed (Ls) and paddy straw (Ps) waste. Under an optimized substrate concentration ratio of 5:6 Ps:Ls and in the presence of 2.0 mg of nanocatalyst, the cocultured bacterial system produced 1.6 IU/mL of EG enzyme, which was ~1.33 fold higher as compared to the control. Additionally, the same enzyme showed its stability for 135 min in the presence of 1.0 mg of nanocatalyst at 38 °C. The nanocatalyst has been synthesized using the green method, wherein waste litchi seed is used as a reducing agent, and the nanocatalyst could be employed to improve the production and functional stability of crude enzymes. The findings of the present study may have significant application in lignocellulosic-based biorefinaries and cellulosic waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tripti Singh
- School of Biosciences IMS Ghaziabad UC Campus, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201015, India
| | - Akbar Mohammad
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk 38541, South Korea
| | - Amer Al Ali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Al Nakhil, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi 221005, India; LCB Fertilizer Pvt. Ltd., Shyam Vihar Phase 2, Rani Sati Mandir Road, Lachchhipur, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273015, India.
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Khan S, Khan M, Ahmad S, Sherwani S, Haque S, Bhagwath SS, Kushwaha D, Pal DB, Mishra PK, Srivastava N, Gupta VK. Towards enhancement of fungal hydrolytic enzyme cocktail using waste algal biomass of Oscillatoria obscura and enzyme stability investigation under the influence of iron oxide nanoparticles. J Biotechnol 2023; 361:74-79. [PMID: 36470313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of low-cost and economic cellulase production is among the key challenges due to its broad industrial applications. One of the main topics of research pertaining to sustainable biomass waste based biorefinaries is the development of economic cellulase production strategies. The main cause of the increase in cellulase production costs is the use of commercial substrates; as a result, the cost of any cellulase-based bioprocess can be decreased by employing a productive, low-cost substrate. The goal of the current study is to develop low-cost cellulase using the carbohydrate-rich, renewable, and widely accessible cyanobacteria algae Oscillatoria obscura as the production substrate. Maximum cellulase was produced utilising the fungus Rhizopus oryzae at substrate concentration of 7.0 g among various tested concentrations of algal biomass. Maximum production rates of 22 IU/gds FP, 105 IU/gds BGL, and 116 IU/gds EG in 72 h were possible under optimal conditions and substrate concentration. Further investigations on the crude enzyme's stability in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) revealed that it was thermally stable at 60 °C for up to 8 h. Additionally, the crude enzyme demonstrated pH stability by maintaining its complete activity at pH 6.0 for 8 h in the presence of the optimal dose of 15 mg IONPs. The outcomes of this research may be used to investigate the possibility of producing such enzymes in large quantities at low cost for industrial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Khan
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahvish Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing & Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sundeep S Bhagwath
- Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ha'il University, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Deepika Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj Kanpur 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India.
| | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, SRUC, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK.
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Banić N, Šojić Merkulov D, Despotović V, Finčur N, Ivetić T, Bognár S, Jovanović D, Abramović B. Rapid Removal of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Systems under Solar Irradiation Using ZrO 2/Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27228060. [PMID: 36432160 PMCID: PMC9698733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pure water scarcity is an emerging, all-around problem that globally affects both the life quality and the world's economy. Heterogeneous photocatalysis under solar irradiation is a promising technique for the organic pollutants (e.g., pesticides, drugs) removal from an aqueous environment. Furthermore, the drawbacks of commercially available photocatalysts can be successfully overcome by using innovative nanoparticles, such as ZrO2/Fe3O4. Four ZrO2/Fe3O4 nanopowders with a different mass ratio of ZrO2 and Fe3O4 were synthesized using the chemical co-precipitation method. XRD analysis showed the presence of magnetite and hematite Fe-oxide phases in all samples. The content of the magnetite phase increased with the addition of 19% ZrO2. The efficiency of the newly synthesized ZrO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles was investigated in the rapid removal of selected pollutants under various experimental conditions. Nevertheless, the influence of the water matrix on photocatalytic degradation was also examined. The obtained data showed that using ZrO2/Fe3O4 nanosystems, an appropriate removal rate of the selected pesticides and pharmaceuticals can be reached after 120 min of solar irradiation. Further, the total organic carbon measurements proved the mineralization of the target emerging pollutants. ZrO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles are economically feasible, as their removal from the suspension can be easily achieved using affordable, environmentally-friendly magnetic separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Banić
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Daniela Šojić Merkulov
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Vesna Despotović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nina Finčur
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ivetić
- Department of Physics, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Szabolcs Bognár
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dušica Jovanović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Biljana Abramović
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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Study on Biogenic Spindle-Shaped Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles by Pseudostaurosira trainorii in Field of Laser Desorption/Ionization Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911713. [PMID: 36233015 PMCID: PMC9570197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanostructures-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NALDI-MS) is gaining attention for the analysis of a wide range of molecules. In this present investigation, Pseudostaurosira trainorii mediated biosynthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been utilized as nanostructures assisting ionization and desorption for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). The chain forming diatom, P. trainorii showed efficiency in the production of IONPs against 0.01 M Fe+3 (pH 2) aqueous solution at the intracellular and extracellular level. The whole biomass and external media turned dark orange in color after 3 days of reaction with Fe3+ solution. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images illustrated that the surface of Fe3+ exposed frustules of P. trainorii were entirely covered by synthesized nanostructures contrasting with the natural surface ornamentation of control cells. The IONPs loaded frustules also exhibited catalytic properties by decolorizing yellow colored nitrophenol after 3 h of reaction. Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images confirmed that the produced particles are spindle-shaped with ~50–70 nm length and ~10–30 nm width. The biogenic IONPs were utilized as an inorganic matrix in LDI-MS and showed high sensitivity towards small molecules as glucose, alanine and triacylglycerols at nano- and picomolar level per spot, respectively. The presented biocompatible technique offers new perspectives in nanobiotechnology for the production of spindle-shaped IONPs that can be applied in future for the preparation of NALDI plates.
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Saied E, Salem SS, Al-Askar AA, Elkady FM, Arishi AA, Hashem AH. Mycosynthesis of Hematite (α-Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using Aspergillus niger and Their Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activities. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080397. [PMID: 36004922 PMCID: PMC9404788 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) and nanomaterials (NMs) are now widely used in a variety of applications, including medicine, solar energy, drug delivery, water treatment, and pollution detection. Hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles (Hem-NPs) were manufactured in this work by utilizing a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach that included a biomass filtrate of A. niger AH1 as a bio-reducer. The structural and optical properties of Hem-NPs were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and UV-visible and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. The results revealed that all of the studied parameters, as well as their interactions, had a significant impact on the crystallite size. The average diameter size of the biosynthesized Hem-NPs ranged between 60 and 80 nm. The antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities of Hem-NPs were investigated. The antimicrobial results of Hem-NPs revealed that Hem-NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. mutans with MICs of 125, 31.25, and 15.62 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, Hem-NPs exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. fumigatus, where the MICs were 2000 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. The efficiency of biosynthesized Hem-NPs was determined for the rapid biodegradation of crystal violet (CV) dye, reaching up to 97 percent after 150 min. Furthermore, Hem-NPs were successfully used more than once for biodegradation and that was regarded as its efficacy. In conclusion, Hem-NPs were successfully biosynthesized using A. niger AH1 and demonstrated both antimicrobial activity and photocatalytic activity against CV dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Saied
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.A.A.-A.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Salem S. Salem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.A.A.-A.); (A.H.H.)
| | - Fathy M. Elkady
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
| | - Amr A. Arishi
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amr H. Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (A.A.A.-A.); (A.H.H.)
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Rice straw mediated green synthesis and characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles and its application to improve thermal stability of endoglucanase enzyme. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 374:109722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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