Performance-based comparison of Yamada-Ota and Hamilton-Crosser hybrid nanofluid flow models with magnetic dipole impact past a stretched surface

Energy transmission through carreau yasuda fluid influenced by ethylene glycol with activation energy and ternary hybrid nanocomposites by using a mathematical model

The current study aims to assess the augmentation of energy transmission in the presence of magnetic dipole through trihybrid Carreau Yasuda nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet. The rheological properties and thermal conductivity of the based fluids are improved by framing an accurate combination of nanoparticles (NPs). The trihybrid nanofluid (Thnf) has been synthesized by the addition of ternary nanocomposites (MWCNTs, Zn, Cu) to the ethylene glycol. The energy and velocity conveyance has been observed in the context of the Darcy Forchhemier effect, chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and activation energy. The trihybrid nanofluid flow across a vertical sheet has been accurately calculated for velocity, concentration, and thermal energy in the form of a system of nonlinear PDEs. The set of PDEs is reduced to dimensionless ODEs by using suitable similarity replacements. The obtained set of non-dimensional differential equations is numerically computed through the Matlab package bvp4c. It has been perceived that the energy curve enhances by the influence of heat generation factor and viscous dissipation. It is also noted that the magnetic dipole has a momentous contribution to raising the transmission of thermal energy of trihybrid nanofluid and declines the velocity curve. The inclusion of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) nano particulates to the base fluid "ethylene glycol", augments the energy and velocity outlines.

Irreversibility analysis of electromagnetic hybrid nanofluid for Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model using finite element approach

To get a better heat transmission capacity of ordinary fluids, new hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) with a considerably greater exponent heat than nanofluids (NFs) are being used. HNFs, which have a greater heat exponent than NFs, are being applied to increase the HT capacities of regular fluids. Two-element nanoparticles mixed in a base fluid make up HNFs. This research investigates the flow and HT features of HNF across a slick surface. As a result, the geometric model is explained by employing symmetry. The technique includes nanoparticles shape factor, Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), porous media, Cattaneo-Christov, and thermal radiative heat flux effects. The governing equations are numerically solved by consuming a method known as the Galerkin finite element method (FEM). In this study, H₂O-water was utilized as an ironic, viscous improper fluid, and HNF was investigated. Copper (Co) and Titanium Alloy (Ti₆Al₄V) nanoparticles are found in this fluid. The HT level of such a fluid (Ti₆Al₄V-Co/H₂O) has steadily increased in comparison to ordinary Co-H₂O NFs, which is a significant discovery from this work. The inclusion of nanoparticles aids in the stabilization of a nanofluid flowing and maintains the symmetry of the flow form. The thermal conductivity is highest in the boundary-lamina-shaped layer and lowest in sphere-shaped nanoparticles. A system's entropy increases by three characteristics: their ratio by fractional size, their radiated qualities, and their heat conductivity modifications. The primary applications of this examination are the biological and medical implementations like dental and orthopedic implantable devices, as well as other devices such as screws and plates because they possess a favorable set of characteristics such as good biomaterials, corrosion resistance and wear, and great mechanical characteristics.

Utilization of Galerkin finite element strategy to investigate comparison performance among two hybrid nanofluid models

The utilization of Fourier's law of heat conduction provides the parabolic partial differential equation of thermal transport, which provides the information regarding thermal transport for the initial time, but during many practical applications, this theory is not applicable. Therefore, the utilization of modified heat flux model is to be used. This work discusses the utilization of non-Fourier heat flux model to investigate thermal performance of tri-hybrid nanoparticles mixture immersed in Carreau Yasuda material past over a Riga plate by using Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota models considering the variable thermos-physical characteristics. The phenomenon presenting the transport of momentum and energy are developed in the form of coupled partial differential equations, which are complex and then transformed into ordinary differential equations by using an appropriate transformation. The transformed equations have been tackled numerically via finite element scheme and the authenticity of obtained solution is shown with the help of comparative analysis of present results with those are available in open literature.

Magnetic Dipole and Thermophoretic Particle Deposition Impact on Bioconvective Oldroyd-B Fluid Flow over a Stretching Surface with Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux

This study emphasizes the performance of two-dimensional electrically non-conducting Oldroyd-B fluid flowing across a stretching sheet with thermophoretic particle deposition. The heat and mass transfer mechanisms are elaborated in the presence of a magnetic dipole, which acts as an external magnetic field. The fluid possesses magnetic characteristics due to the presence of ferrite particles. The gyrotactic microorganisms are considered to keep the suspended ferromagnetic particles stable. Cattaneo–Christov heat flux is cogitated instead of the conventional Fourier law. Further, to strengthen the heat transfer and mass transfer processes, thermal stratification and chemical reaction are employed. Appropriate similarity transformations are applied to convert highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations into non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To numerically solve these ODEs, an excellent MATLAB bvp4c approach is used. The physical behavior of important parameters and their graphical representations are thoroughly examined. The tables are presented to address the thermophoretic particle velocity deposition, rate of heat flux, and motile microorganisms’ density number. The results show that the rate of heat transfer decreases as the value of the thermal relaxation time parameter surges. Furthermore, when the thermophoretic coefficient increases, the velocity of thermophoretic deposition decreases.

Hybrid Nanofluid Flow Induced by an Oscillating Disk Considering Surface Catalyzed Reaction and Nanoparticles Shape Factor

Lately, a new class of nanofluids, namely hybrid nanofluids, has been introduced that performs much better compared with the nanofluids when a healthier heat transfer rate is the objective of the study. Heading in the same direction, the present investigation accentuates the unsteady hybrid nanofluid flow involving CuO, Al₂O₃/C₂H₆O₂ achieved by an oscillating disk immersed in the porous media. In a study of the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, the surface catalyzed reaction was also considered to minimize the reaction time. The shape factors of the nanoparticles were also taken into account, as these play a vital role in assessing the thermal conductivity and heat transfer rate of the system. The assumed model is presented mathematically in the form of partial differential equations. The system is transformed by invoking special similarity transformations. The Keller Box scheme was used to obtain numerical and graphical results. It is inferred that the blade-shaped nanoparticles have the best thermal conductivity that boosts the heat transfer efficiency. The oscillation and surface-catalyzed chemical reactions have opposite impacts on the concentration profile. This analysis also includes a comparison of the proposed model with a published result in a limiting case to check the authenticity of the presented model.

Simulation of Dissipative Hybrid Nanofluid (PEG-Water + ZrO2 + MgO) Flow by a Curved Shrinking Sheet with Thermal Radiation and Higher Order Chemical Reaction

The heat transmission capabilities of hybrid nanofluids are superior to those of mono nanofluids. In addition to solar collectors and military equipment, they may be found in a number of areas including heat exchanger, automotive industry, transformer cooling and electronic cooling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance of the higher order chemical reaction parameter on the radiative flow of hybrid nanofluid (polyethylene glycol (PEG)–water combination: base fluid and zirconium dioxide, magnesium oxide: nanoparticles) via a curved shrinking sheet with viscous dissipation. Flow-driven equations were transformed into nonlinear ODEs using appropriate similarity transmutations, and then solved using the bvp4c solver (MATLAB built-in function). The results of two scenarios, PEG−Water+ZrO2+MgO (hybrid nanofluid) and PEG−Water+ZrO2, (nanofluid) are reported. In order to draw important inferences about physical features, such as heat transfer rate, a correlation coefficient was used. The main findings of this study were that curvature parameter lowers fluid velocity, and Eckert number increases the temperature of fluid. It was observed that the volume fraction of nanoparticles enhances the skin friction coefficient and curvature parameter lessens the same. It was noticed that when curvature parameter (K) takes input in the range 0.5≤K≤2.5, the skin friction coefficient decreases at a rate of 1.46633 (i.e., 146.633%) (in the case of hybrid nanofluid) and 1.11236 (i.e., 111.236%) (in the case of nanofluid) per unit value of curvature parameter. Increasing rates in the skin friction parameter were 3.481179 (i.e., 348.1179%) (in the case of hybrid nanofluid) and 2.745679 (in the case of nanofluid) when the volume fraction of nanoparticle (ϕ1) takes input in the range 0≤ϕ1≤0.2. It was detected that, when Eckert number (Eck) increases, Nusselt number decreases. The decrement rates were observed as 1.41148 (i.e., 141.148%) (in the case of hybrid nanofluid) and 1.15337 (i.e., 153.337%) (in the case of nanofluid) when Eckert number takes input in the range 0≤Eck≤0.2. In case of hybrid nanofluid, it was discovered that the mass transfer rate increases at a rate of 1.497214 (i.e., 149.7214%) when chemical reaction (Kr) takes input in the range 0≤Kr≤0.2. In addition, we checked our findings against those of other researchers and discovered a respectable degree of agreement.

Natural Convection Water/Glycerin–CNT Fractionalized Nanofluid Flow in a Channel with Isothermal and Ramped Conditions

This article investigates heat and mass transport enrichment in natural convection fractionalized nanofluid flow inside a channel with isothermal and ramped wall conditions under the effects of chemical reactions, radiation, heat absorption, and the Soret effect. To obtain the fractional model, the Caputo time-fractional derivative definition is used, and analytical results are obtained by the Laplace transform. In two base fluids, water and glycerin, the impacts of two nanoparticles, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiple-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), are investigated. The comparison of six distinct fluids, including water, water–SWCNT, water–MWCNT, glycerin, glycerin–SWCNT and glycerin–WMCNT, is explored graphically. Physical parameters’ effects on isothermal and ramped conditions are graphically depicted and explained in depth. For isothermal wall conditions, the variation in concentration, temperature and velocity is exponential, while for ramped wall conditions, the variation is steady. Finally, the results of skin frictions, Nusselt numbers and Sherwood numbers and for both ramped wall and isothermal wall conditions are evaluated in tabular form for various values of volume fraction. Moreover, it is observed that the temperature, velocity, Nusselt numbers and skin frictions increase by increasing the volume fraction of CNTs.