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Zhao L, Jin S, Wang S, Zhang Z, Wang X, Chen Z, Wang X, Huang S, Zhang D, Wu H. Tertiary lymphoid structures in diseases: immune mechanisms and therapeutic advances. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:225. [PMID: 39198425 PMCID: PMC11358547 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01947-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are defined as lymphoid aggregates formed in non-hematopoietic organs under pathological conditions. Similar to secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), the formation of TLSs relies on the interaction between lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells and lymphoid tissue organizer (LTo) cells, involving multiple cytokines. Heterogeneity is a distinguishing feature of TLSs, which may lead to differences in their functions. Growing evidence suggests that TLSs are associated with various diseases, such as cancers, autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection, chronic inflammation, infection, and even ageing. However, the detailed mechanisms behind these clinical associations are not yet fully understood. The mechanisms by which TLS maturation and localization affect immune function are also unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the understanding of TLS development and function at the cellular and molecular level, which may allow us to utilize them to improve the immune microenvironment. In this review, we delve into the composition, formation mechanism, associations with diseases, and potential therapeutic applications of TLSs. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic implications of TLSs, such as their role as markers of therapeutic response and prognosis. Finally, we summarize various methods for detecting and targeting TLSs. Overall, we provide a comprehensive understanding of TLSs and aim to develop more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianyu Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Font A, Domenech M, Ramirez JL, Marqués M, Benítez R, Ruiz de Porras V, Gago JL, Carrato C, Sant F, Lopez H, Castellano D, Malats N, Calle ML, Real FX. Predictive signature of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer integrating mRNA expression, taxonomic subtypes, and clinicopathological features. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155244. [PMID: 37588099 PMCID: PMC10426739 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cystectomy is the standard of care in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Pathological response has been associated with longer survival, but no currently available clinicopathological variables can identify patients likely to respond, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers. We sought to identify a predictive signature of response to NAC integrating clinical score, taxonomic subtype, and gene expression. Material and methods From 1994 to 2014, pre-treatment tumor samples were collected from MIBC patients (stage T2-4N0/+M0) at two Spanish hospitals. A clinical score was determined based on stage, hydronephrosis and histology. Taxonomic subtypes (BASQ, luminal, and mixed) were identified by immunohistochemistry. A custom set of 41 genes involved in DNA damage repair and immune response was analyzed in 84 patients with the NanoString nCounter platform. Genes related to pathological response were identified by LASSO penalized logistic regression. NAC consisted of cisplatin/methotrexate/vinblastine until 2000, after which most patients received cisplatin/gemcitabine. The capacity of the integrated signature to predict pathological response was assessed with AUC. Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results LASSO selected eight genes to be included in the signature (RAD51, IFNγ, CHEK1, CXCL9, c-MET, KRT14, HERC2, FOXA1). The highest predictive accuracy was observed with the inclusion in the model of only three genes (RAD51, IFNɣ, CHEK1). The integrated clinical-taxonomic-gene expression signature including these three genes had a higher predictive ability (AUC=0.71) than only clinical score plus taxonomic subtype (AUC=0.58) or clinical score alone (AUC=0.56). This integrated signature was also significantly associated with OS (p=0.02) and DSS (p=0.02). Conclusions We have identified a predictive signature for response to NAC in MIBC patients that integrates the expression of three genes with clinicopathological characteristics and taxonomic subtypes. Prospective studies to validate these results are ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Font
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Domenech
- Medical Oncology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ramirez
- Hematology Service, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Lymphoid Neoplasms Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Spain
| | - Miriam Marqués
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Benítez
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicenç Ruiz de Porras
- Medical Oncology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
- Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L. Gago
- Urology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrato
- Pathology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Sant
- Pathology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Hector Lopez
- Urology Department, Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Daniel Castellano
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Malats
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), and CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Luz Calle
- Biosciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Technology, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia, Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco X. Real
- Epithelial Carcinogenesis Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Cancer Network (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhang C, Xia J, Zhang S, Li J, Zhou T, Hu K. Expression pattern, tumor immune landscape, and prognostic value of N7‑methylguanosine regulators in bladder urothelial carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:169. [PMID: 36960192 PMCID: PMC10028492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
N7-Methylguanosine (m7G) modification is important in post-transcriptional regulation. dysregulation of m7G RNA modification has been reported to be markedly associated with cancer. However, its importance in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA) remains poorly characterized. The present study systematically analyzed mRNA gene expression data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas and further constructed robust risk signatures for the four regulators of m7G RNA modification (nudix hydrolase 11, gem nuclear organelle-associated protein 5, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit D and cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein 1). The differential expression and cell function of m7G-related genes in bladder cancer cells were verified by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, Cell Counting Kit-8 and colony formation assays. The four-gene-based model could accurately predict the prognosis of BLCA. Nomogram-based clinical decisions had a higher net benefit compared with that of individual predictors. Through immune infiltration analysis, it was found that immune cell infiltration affected the prognosis of patients with BLCA. Finally, the present study identified potential therapeutics that differ between high and low-risk groups based on four genes. In summary, the current findings revealed an essential role for m7G RNA modification regulators in BLCA, and developed risk signatures as promising prognostic markers in patients with BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Jiangnan Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410021, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
| | - Kaiwen Hu
- Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Dr Kaiwen Hu, Department of Oncology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Fangxingyuan, Fengtai, Beijing 100078, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Ranti D, Bieber C, Wang YS, Sfakianos JP, Horowitz A. Natural killer cells: unlocking new treatments for bladder cancer. Trends Cancer 2022; 8:698-710. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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