Examination of permittivity for depolarization field of ferroelectric by ab initio calculation, suggesting hidden mechanisms

Two-dimensional ferroelectric metal for electrocatalysis

The coexistence of metallicity and ferroelectricity has been an intriguing and controversial phenomenon as these two material properties are considered incompatible in bulk. We clarify the concept of the ferroelectric metal by revisiting the original definitions for ferroelectric and metal. Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectrics with out-of-plane polarization can be engineered via layer stacking to a genuine ferroelectric metal characterized by switchable polarization and non-zero density of states at the Fermi level. We demonstrate that 2D ferroelectric metals can serve as electrically-tunable, high-quality electrocatalysts.