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Hammar I, Jankowska E. Modulation of sensory input to the spinal cord: Contribution of focal epidural polarization and of GABA released by interneurons and glial cells. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39099396 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of input from primary afferent fibres has long been examined at the level of the first relays of these fibres. However, recent studies reveal that input to the spinal cord may also be modulated at the level of the very entry of afferent fibres to the spinal grey matter before action potentials in intraspinal collaterals of afferent fibres reach their target neurons. Such modulation greatly depends on the actions of GABA via extrasynaptic membrane receptors. In the reported study we hypothesized that the increase in excitability of afferent fibres following epidural polarization close to the site where collaterals of afferent fibres leave the dorsal columns is due to the release of GABA from two sources: not only GABAergic interneurons but also glial cells. We present evidence, primo, that GABA released from both these sources contributes to a long-lasting increase in the excitability and a shortening of the refractory period of epidurally stimulated afferent fibres and, secondo, that effects of epidural polarization on the release of GABA are more critical for these changes than direct effects of DC on the stimulated fibres. The experiments were carried out in deeply anaesthetized rats in which changes in compound action potentials evoked in hindlimb peripheral nerves by dorsal column stimulation were used as a measure of the excitability of afferent fibres. The study throws new light on the modulation of input to spinal networks but also on mechanisms underlying the restoration of spinal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Hammar
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elzbieta Jankowska
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Mirkiani S, O’Sullivan CL, Roszko DA, Faridi P, Hu DS, Everaert DG, Toossi A, Kang R, Fang T, Tyreman N, Dalrymple AN, Robinson K, Uwiera RRE, Shah H, Fox R, Konrad PE, Mushahwar VK. Safety of mapping the motor networks in the spinal cord using penetrating microelectrodes in Yucatan minipigs. J Neurosurg Spine 2024; 41:292-304. [PMID: 38728765 PMCID: PMC11174925 DOI: 10.3171/2024.2.spine23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the safety of mapping spinal cord locomotor networks using penetrating stimulation microelectrodes in Yucatan minipigs (YMPs) as a clinically translational animal model. METHODS Eleven YMPs were trained to walk up and down a straight line. Motion capture was performed, and electromyographic (EMG) activity of hindlimb muscles was recorded during overground walking. The YMPs underwent a laminectomy and durotomy to expose the lumbar spinal cord. Using an ultrasound-guided stereotaxic frame, microelectrodes were inserted into the spinal cord in 8 animals. Pial cuts were made to prevent tissue dimpling before microelectrode insertion. Different locations within the lumbar enlargement were electrically stimulated to map the locomotor networks. The remaining 3 YMPs served as sham controls, receiving the laminectomy, durotomy, and pial cuts but not microelectrode insertion. The Porcine Thoracic Injury Behavioral Scale (PTIBS) and hindlimb reflex assessment results were recorded for 4 weeks postoperatively. Overground gait kinematics and hindlimb EMG activity were recorded again at weeks 3 and 4 postoperatively and compared with preoperative measures. The animals were euthanized at the end of week 4, and the lumbar spinal cords were extracted and preserved for immunohistochemical analysis. RESULTS All YMPs showed transient deficits in hindlimb function postoperatively. Except for 1 YMP in the experimental group, all animals regained normal ambulation and balance (PTIBS score 10) at the end of weeks 3 and 4. One animal in the experimental group showed gait and balance deficits by week 4 (PTIBS score 4). This animal was excluded from the kinematics and EMG analyses. Overground gait kinematic measures and EMG activity showed no significant (p > 0.05) differences between preoperative and postoperative values, and between the experimental and sham groups. Less than 5% of electrode tracks were visible in the tissue analysis of the animals in the experimental group. There was no statistically significant difference in damage caused by pial cuts between the experimental and sham groups. Tissue damage due to the pial cuts was more frequently observed in immunohistochemical analyses than microelectrode tracks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mapping spinal locomotor networks in porcine models can be performed safely, without lasting damage to the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carly L. O’Sullivan
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David A. Roszko
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pouria Faridi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David S. Hu
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dirk G. Everaert
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amirali Toossi
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ryan Kang
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tongzhou Fang
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Neil Tyreman
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ashley N. Dalrymple
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin Robinson
- School of Physical Therapy, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard R. E. Uwiera
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamid Shah
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard Fox
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peter E. Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; and
- Integrative Neuroscience & Clinical Innovation, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Vivian K. Mushahwar
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Augmentative and Restorative Technologies and Health Innovations (iSMART), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Barber SM, Wolfe T, Steele AG, Hoffman K, Hogan MK, Frazier A, Tang X, Sayenko DG, Horner PJ. A novel minimally invasive and versatile kyphoplasty balloon-based model of porcine spinal cord injury. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1422357. [PMID: 39087009 PMCID: PMC11289774 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1422357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal cord injury (SCI) animal models often utilize an open surgical laminectomy, which results in animal morbidity and also leads to changes in spinal canal diameter, spinal cord perfusion, cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics, and spinal stability which may confound SCI research. Moreover, the use of open surgical laminectomy for injury creation lacks realism when considering human SCI scenarios. Methods We developed a novel, image-guided, minimally invasive, large animal model of SCI which utilizes a kyphoplasty balloon inserted into the epidural space via an interlaminar approach without the need for open surgery. Results The model was validated in 5 Yucatán pigs with imaging, neurofunctional, histologic, and electrophysiologic findings consistent with a mild compression injury. Discussion Few large animal models exist that have the potential to reproduce the mechanisms of spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly seen in humans, which in turn limits the relevance and applicability of SCI translational research. SCI research relies heavily on animal models, which typically involve an open surgical, dorsal laminectomy which is inherently invasive and may have untoward consequences on animal morbidity and spinal physiology that limit translational impact. We developed a minimally invasive, large animal model of spinal cord injury which utilizes a kyphoplasty balloon inserted percutaneously into the spinal epidural space. Balloon inflation results in a targeted, compressive spinal cord injury with histological and electrophysiological features directly relevant to human spinal cord injury cases without the need for invasive surgery. Balloon inflation pressure, length of time that balloon remains inflated, and speed of inflation may be modified to achieve variations in injury severity and subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Barber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tatiana Wolfe
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Psychiatric Research Institute, Brain Imaging Research Center, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Alexander G. Steele
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kris Hoffman
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew K. Hogan
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Allison Frazier
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dimitry G. Sayenko
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Philip J. Horner
- Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Song D, Tresch MC. Prediction of isometric forces from combined epidural spinal cord and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rat lower limb. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15871. [PMID: 38982137 PMCID: PMC11233659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66773-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Although epidural spinal cord and muscle stimulation have each been separately used for restoration of movement after spinal cord injury, their combined use has not been widely explored. Using both approaches in combination could provide more flexible control compared to using either approach alone, but whether responses evoked from such combined stimulation can be easily predicted is unknown. We evaluate whether responses evoked by combined spinal and muscle stimulation can be predicted simply, as the linear summation of responses produced by each type of stimulation individually. Should this be true, it would simplify the prediction of co-stimulation responses and the development of control schemes for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. In healthy anesthetized rats, we measured hindlimb isometric forces in response to spinal and muscle stimulation. Force prediction errors were calculated as the difference between predicted and observed co-stimulation forces. We found that spinal and muscle co-stimulation could be closely predicted as the linear summation of the individual spinal and muscle responses and that the errors were relatively low. We discuss the implications of these results to the use of combined muscle and spinal stimulation for the restoration of movement following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Matthew C Tresch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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Smith AC, Ahmed RU, Weber KA, Negahdar M, Gibson D, Boakye M, Rejc E. Spinal cord lesion MRI and behavioral outcomes in a miniature pig model of spinal cord injury: exploring preclinical potential through an ad hoc comparison with human SCI. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2024; 10:44. [PMID: 38977671 PMCID: PMC11231227 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-024-00658-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN prospective case series of Yucatan miniature pig spinal cord contusion injury model with comparison to human cases of spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of spinal cord lesion severity along with estimates of lateral corticospinal tracts spared neural tissue in both a less severe and more severe contusion SCI model, as well as to describe their corresponding behavioral outcome changes. SETTING University laboratory setting. METHODS Following a more severe and less severe SCI, each pig underwent spinal cord MRI to measure lesion characteristics, along with locomotor and urodynamics outcomes testing. RESULTS In the pig with more severe SCI, locomotor and urodynamic outcomes were poor, and both the spinal cord lesion volume and damage estimates to the lateral corticospinal tracts were large. Conversely, in the pig with less severe SCI, locomotor and urodynamic outcomes were favorable, with the spinal cord lesion volume and damage estimates to the lateral corticospinal tracts being less pronounced. For two human cases matched on estimates of damage to the lateral corticospinal tract regions, the clinical presentations were similar to the pig outcomes, with more limited mobility and more limited bladder functional independence in the more severe case. CONCLUSIONS Our initial findings contribute valuable insights to the emergent field of MRI-based evaluation of spinal cord lesions in pig models, offering a promising avenue for understanding and potentially improving outcomes in spinal cord injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Smith
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Rakib Uddin Ahmed
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth A Weber
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - MohammadJavad Negahdar
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Destiny Gibson
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- University of Louisville School of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Enrico Rejc
- University of Udine, Department of Medicine, Udine, Italy
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA
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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Yang N, Gao S, Li Q, Pang Y, Su P. Molecular mechanisms of spinal cord injury repair across vertebrates: A comparative review. Eur J Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38978308 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
In humans and other adult mammals, axon regeneration is difficult in axotomized neurons. Therefore, spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that can lead to permanent loss of locomotor and sensory functions. Moreover, the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration in vertebrates are not very well understood, and currently, no effective treatment is available for SCI. In striking contrast to adult mammals, many nonmammalian vertebrates such as reptiles, amphibians, bony fishes and lampreys can spontaneously resume locomotion even after complete SCI. In recent years, rapid progress in the development of next-generation sequencing technologies has offered valuable information on SCI. In this review, we aimed to provide a comparison of axon regeneration process across classical model organisms, focusing on crucial genes and signalling pathways that play significant roles in the regeneration of individually identifiable descending neurons after SCI. Considering the special evolutionary location and powerful regenerative ability of lamprey and zebrafish, they will be the key model organisms for ongoing studies on spinal cord regeneration. Detailed study of SCI in these model organisms will help in the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of neuron regeneration across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yang Cai
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Si Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Wimalasena LN, Pandarinath C, Yong NA. Spinal interneuron population dynamics underlying flexible pattern generation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.20.599927. [PMID: 38948833 PMCID: PMC11213001 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.20.599927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian spinal locomotor network is composed of diverse populations of interneurons that collectively orchestrate and execute a range of locomotor behaviors. Despite the identification of many classes of spinal interneurons constituting the locomotor network, it remains unclear how the network's collective activity computes and modifies locomotor output on a step-by-step basis. To investigate this, we analyzed lumbar interneuron population recordings and multi-muscle electromyography from spinalized cats performing air stepping and used artificial intelligence methods to uncover state space trajectories of spinal interneuron population activity on single step cycles and at millisecond timescales. Our analyses of interneuron population trajectories revealed that traversal of specific state space regions held millisecond-timescale correspondence to the timing adjustments of extensor-flexor alternation. Similarly, we found that small variations in the path of state space trajectories were tightly linked to single-step, microvolt-scale adjustments in the magnitude of muscle output. One sentence summary Features of spinal interneuron state space trajectories capture variations in the timing and magnitude of muscle activations across individual step cycles, with precision on the scales of milliseconds and microvolts respectively.
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Angeli C, Rejc E, Boakye M, Herrity A, Mesbah S, Hubscher C, Forrest G, Harkema S. Targeted Selection of Stimulation Parameters for Restoration of Motor and Autonomic Function in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:645-660. [PMID: 37140522 PMCID: PMC10624649 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a report of methods and tools for selection of task and individual configurations targeted for voluntary movement, standing, stepping, blood pressure stabilization, and facilitation of bladder storage and emptying using tonic-interleaved excitation of the lumbosacral spinal cord. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to present strategies used for selection of stimulation parameters for various motor and autonomic functions. CONCLUSIONS Tonic-interleaved functionally focused neuromodulation targets a myriad of consequences from spinal cord injury with surgical implantation of the epidural electrode at a single location. This approach indicates the sophistication of the human spinal cord circuitry and its important role in the regulation of motor and autonomic functions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Angeli
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Enrico Rejc
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - April Herrity
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Samineh Mesbah
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Charles Hubscher
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gail Forrest
- Human Performance and Engineering Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Susan Harkema
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Frazier Rehabilitation Institute, University of Louisville Health, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Sengupta A, Mishra A, Wang F, Chen LM, Gore JC. Characteristic BOLD signals are detectable in white matter of the spinal cord at rest and after a stimulus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316117121. [PMID: 38776372 PMCID: PMC11145258 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316117121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
We report the reliable detection of reproducible patterns of blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) MRI signals within the white matter (WM) of the spinal cord during a task and in a resting state. Previous functional MRI studies have shown that BOLD signals are robustly detectable not only in gray matter (GM) in the brain but also in cerebral WM as well as the GM within the spinal cord, but similar signals in WM of the spinal cord have been overlooked. In this study, we detected BOLD signals in the WM of the spinal cord in squirrel monkeys and studied their relationships with the locations and functions of ascending and descending WM tracts. Tactile sensory stimulus -evoked BOLD signal changes were detected in the ascending tracts of the spinal cord using a general-linear model. Power spectral analysis confirmed that the amplitude at the fundamental frequency of the response to a periodic stimulus was significantly higher in the ascending tracts than the descending ones. Independent component analysis of resting-state signals identified coherent fluctuations from eight WM hubs which correspond closely to the known anatomical locations of the major WM tracts. Resting-state analyses showed that the WM hubs exhibited correlated signal fluctuations across spinal cord segments in reproducible patterns that correspond well with the known neurobiological functions of WM tracts in the spinal cord. Overall, these findings provide evidence of a functional organization of intraspinal WM tracts and confirm that they produce hemodynamic responses similar to GM both at baseline and under stimulus conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sengupta
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Arabinda Mishra
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
| | - John C. Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN37235
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Woodington BJ, Lei J, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Güemes-González A, Naegele TE, Hilton S, El-Hadwe S, Trivedi RA, Malliaras GG, Barone DG. Flexible circumferential bioelectronics to enable 360-degree recording and stimulation of the spinal cord. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl1230. [PMID: 38718109 PMCID: PMC11078185 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The spinal cord is crucial for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and peripheral systems. Spinal cord injuries can lead to severe consequences, including paralysis and autonomic dysfunction. We introduce thin-film, flexible electronics for circumferential interfacing with the spinal cord. This method enables simultaneous recording and stimulation of dorsal, lateral, and ventral tracts with a single device. Our findings include successful motor and sensory signal capture and elicitation in anesthetized rats, a proof-of-concept closed-loop system for bridging complete spinal cord injuries, and device safety verification in freely moving rodents. Moreover, we demonstrate potential for human application through a cadaver model. This method sees a clear route to the clinic by using materials and surgical practices that mitigate risk during implantation and preserve cord integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J. Woodington
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jiang Lei
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Amparo Güemes-González
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tobias E. Naegele
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sam Hilton
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Salim El-Hadwe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rikin A. Trivedi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - George G. Malliaras
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Damiano G. Barone
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lieu B, Everaert DG, Ho C, Gorassini MA. Skin and not dorsal root stimulation reduces hypertonus in thoracic motor complete spinal cord injury: a single case report. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:815-821. [PMID: 38505867 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00436.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
On demand and localized treatment for excessive muscle tone after spinal cord injury (SCI) is currently not available. Here, we examine the reduction in leg hypertonus in a person with mid-thoracic, motor complete SCI using a commercial transcutaneous electrical stimulator (TES) applied at 50 or 150 Hz to the lower back and the possible mechanisms producing this bilateral reduction in leg tone. Hypertonus of knee extensors without and during TES, with both cathode (T11-L2) and anode (L3-L5) placed over the spinal column (midline, MID) or 10 cm to the left of midline (lateral, LAT) to only active underlying skin and muscle afferents, was simultaneously measured in both legs with the pendulum test. Spinal reflexes mediated by proprioceptive (H-reflex) and cutaneomuscular reflex (CMR) afferents were examined in the right leg opposite to the applied LAT TES. Hypertonus disappeared in both legs but only during thoracolumbar TES, and even during LAT TES. The marked reduction in tone was reflected in the greater distance both lower legs first dropped to after being released from a fully extended position, increasing by 172.8% and 94.2% during MID and LAT TES, respectively, compared with without TES. Both MID and LAT (left) TES increased H-reflexes but decreased the first burst, and lengthened the onset of subsequent bursts, in the cutaneomuscular reflex of the right leg. Thoracolumbar TES is a promising method to decrease leg hypertonus in chronic, motor complete SCI without activating spinal cord structures and may work by facilitating proprioceptive inputs that activate excitatory interneurons with bilateral projections that in turn recruit recurrent inhibitory neurons.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present proof of concept that surface stimulation of the lower back can reduce severe leg hypertonus in a participant with motor complete, thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) but only during the applied stimulation. We propose that activation of skin and muscle afferents from thoracolumbar transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) may recruit excitatory spinal interneurons with bilateral projections that in turn recruit recurrent inhibitory networks to provide on demand suppression of ongoing involuntary motoneuron activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lieu
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dirk G Everaert
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chester Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monica A Gorassini
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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12
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Steele AG, Taccola G, Frazier AM, Manzella M, Hogan M, Horner PJ, Faraji AH, Sayenko DG. Mapping lumbar efferent and afferent spinal circuitries via paddle array in a porcine model. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110104. [PMID: 38447914 PMCID: PMC10990770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models are essential for identifying changes occurring after neurologic injury and assessing therapeutic interventions. Yucatan miniature pigs (minipigs) have brain and spinal cord dimensions like humans and are useful for laboratory-to-clinic studies. Yet, little work has been done to map spinal sensorimotor distributions and identify similarities and differences between the porcine and human spinal cords. NEW METHODS To characterize efferent and afferent signaling, we implanted a conventional 32-contact, four-column array into the dorsal epidural space over the lumbosacral spinal cord, spanning the L5-L6 vertebrae, in two Yucatan minipigs. Spinally evoked motor potentials were recorded bilaterally in four hindlimb muscles during stimulation delivered from different array locations. Then, cord dorsum potentials were recorded via the array by stimulating the left and right tibial nerves. RESULTS Utilizing epidural spinal stimulation, we achieved selective left, right, proximal, and distal activation in the hindlimb muscles. We then determined the selectivity of each muscle as a function of stimulation location which relates to the distribution of the lumbar motor pools. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Mapping motoneuron distribution to hindlimb muscles and recording responses to peripheral nerve stimulation in the dorsal epidural space reveals insights into ascending and descending signal propagation in the lumbar spinal cord. Clinical-grade arrays have not been utilized in a porcine model. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that efferent and afferent spinal sensorimotor networks are spatially distinct, provide information about the organization of motor pools in the lumbar enlargement, and demonstrate the feasibility of using clinical-grade devices in large animal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Steele
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - G Taccola
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Neuroscience Department, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Bonomea, Trieste, Italy
| | - A M Frazier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - M Manzella
- Bostion Scientific, Valencia, CA 91355, United States
| | - M Hogan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - P J Horner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - A H Faraji
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - D G Sayenko
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neural Prosthetics and Interfaces, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Neuroregeneration, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6550 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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13
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Mu C, Reed JL, Wang F, Tantawy MN, Gore JC, Chen LM. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Neuroinflammation Relate to Behavioral Recovery in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Imaging Biol 2024; 26:240-252. [PMID: 38151582 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01875-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The degree and dynamic progression of neuroinflammation after traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) are crucial determinants of the severity of injury and potential for recovery. We used Positron Emission Tomography (PET) to monitor neuroinflammation longitudinally, correlating it with Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and behavior in contusion-injured rats. These studies help validate CEST metrics and confirm how imaging may be used to evaluate the efficacy of therapies and understand their mechanisms of action. PROCEDURES 12 SCI and 4 sham surgery rats were subjected to CEST MRI and PET-Translocator Protein (TSPO) scans for 8 weeks following injury. Z-spectra from the SCI were analyzed using a 5-Lorentzian pool model for fitting. Weekly motor and somatosensory behavior were correlated with imaging metrics, which were validated through post-mortem histological and immuo-staining using ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 (iba-1, microglia) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, astrocytes). RESULTS PET-TSPO showed widespread inflammation and post-mortem histology confirmed the presence of activated microglia. Changes in CEST and nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) peaks at 3.5 ppm and -1.6 ppm respectively were largest within the first week after injury and more pronounced in rostral versus caudal segments. These temporal indices of neuroinflammation corresponded to the recovery of locomotor behaviors and somatic sensation in rats with moderate contusion injury. The results confirm that CEST MRI metrics are sensitive indices of states of neuroinflammation within injured spinal cords. CONCLUSIONS The detection of dynamic spatiotemporal features of neuroinflammation progression underscores the importance of considering their timings and locations for neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory therapies. The availability of noninvasive MRI indices of neuroinflammation may facilitate clinical trials aimed at treatments that promote recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Mu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jamie L Reed
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Noor Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John C Gore
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Li Min Chen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Tawakol O, Herman MD, Foxley S, Mushahwar VK, Towle VL, Troyk PR. In-vivo testing of a novel wireless intraspinal microstimulation interface for restoration of motor function following spinal cord injury. Artif Organs 2024; 48:263-273. [PMID: 37170929 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury causes a drastic loss in motor and sensory function. Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) is an electrical stimulation method developed for restoring motor function by activating the spinal networks below the level of injury. Current ISMS technology uses fine penetrating microwires to stimulate the ventral horn of the lumbar enlargement. The penetrating wires traverse the dura mater through a transdural conduit that connects to an implantable pulse generator. OBJECTIVE A wireless, fully intradural ISMS implant was developed to mitigate the potential complications associated with the transdural conduit, including tethering and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS Two wireless floating microelectrode array (WFMA) devices were implanted in the lumbar enlargement of an adult domestic pig. Voltage transients were used to assess the electrochemical stability of the interface. Manual flexion and extension movements of the spine were performed to evaluate the mechanical stability of the interface. Post-mortem 9T MRI imaging was used to confirm the location of the electrodes. RESULTS The WFMA-based ISMS interface successfully evoked extension and flexion movements of the hip joint. Stimulation thresholds remained stable following manual extension and flexion of the spine. CONCLUSION The preliminary results demonstrate the surgical feasibility as well as the functionality of the proposed wireless ISMS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tawakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin D Herman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sean Foxley
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience, Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vernon L Towle
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Philip R Troyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Taitano RI, Yakovenko S, Gritsenko V. Muscle anatomy is reflected in the spatial organization of the spinal motoneuron pools. Commun Biol 2024; 7:97. [PMID: 38225362 PMCID: PMC10789783 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural circuits embed limb dynamics for motor control and sensorimotor integration. The somatotopic organization of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord may support these computations. Here, we tested if the spatial organization of motoneurons is related to the musculoskeletal anatomy. We created a 3D model of motoneuron locations within macaque spinal cord and compared the spatial distribution of motoneurons to the anatomical organization of the muscles they innervate. We demonstrated that the spatial distribution of motoneuron pools innervating the upper limb and the anatomical relationships between the muscles they innervate were similar between macaque and human species. Using comparative analysis, we found that the distances between motoneuron pools innervating synergistic muscles were the shortest, followed by those innervating antagonistic muscles. Such spatial organization can support the co-activation of synergistic muscles and reciprocal inhibition of antagonistic muscles. The spatial distribution of motoneurons may play an important role in embedding musculoskeletal dynamics.
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16
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Nanivadekar AC, Bose R, Petersen BA, Okorokova EV, Sarma D, Madonna TJ, Barra B, Farooqui J, Dalrymple AN, Levy I, Helm ER, Miele VJ, Boninger ML, Capogrosso M, Bensmaia SJ, Weber DJ, Fisher LE. Restoration of sensory feedback from the foot and reduction of phantom limb pain via closed-loop spinal cord stimulation. Nat Biomed Eng 2023:10.1038/s41551-023-01153-8. [PMID: 38097809 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Restoring somatosensory feedback in individuals with lower-limb amputations would reduce the risk of falls and alleviate phantom limb pain. Here we show, in three individuals with transtibial amputation (one traumatic and two owing to diabetic peripheral neuropathy), that sensations from the missing foot, with control over their location and intensity, can be evoked via lateral lumbosacral spinal cord stimulation with commercially available electrodes and by modulating the intensity of stimulation in real time on the basis of signals from a wireless pressure-sensitive shoe insole. The restored somatosensation via closed-loop stimulation improved balance control (with a 19-point improvement in the composite score of the Sensory Organization Test in one individual) and gait stability (with a 5-point improvement in the Functional Gait Assessment in one individual). And over the implantation period of the stimulation leads, the three individuals experienced a clinically meaningful decrease in phantom limb pain (with an average reduction of nearly 70% on a visual analogue scale). Our findings support the further clinical assessment of lower-limb neuroprostheses providing somatosensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya C Nanivadekar
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rohit Bose
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bailey A Petersen
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizaveta V Okorokova
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Devapratim Sarma
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tyler J Madonna
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Beatrice Barra
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Movement Science, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Juhi Farooqui
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ashley N Dalrymple
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Isaiah Levy
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eric R Helm
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent J Miele
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Boninger
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Capogrosso
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sliman J Bensmaia
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Douglas J Weber
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee E Fisher
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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17
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Nagaraja S, Tewari SG, Reifman J. Predictive analytics identifies key factors driving hyperalgesic priming of muscle sensory neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1254154. [PMID: 37942142 PMCID: PMC10629345 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1254154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperalgesic priming, a form of neuroplasticity induced by inflammatory mediators, in peripheral nociceptors enhances the magnitude and duration of action potential (AP) firing to future inflammatory events and can potentially lead to pain chronification. The mechanisms underlying the development of hyperalgesic priming are not well understood, limiting the identification of novel therapeutic strategies to combat chronic pain. In this study, we used a computational model to identify key proteins whose modifications caused priming of muscle nociceptors and made them hyperexcitable to a subsequent inflammatory event. First, we extended a previously validated model of mouse muscle nociceptor sensitization to incorporate Epac-mediated interaction between two G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways commonly activated by inflammatory mediators. Next, we calibrated and validated the model simulations of the nociceptor's AP response to both innocuous and noxious levels of mechanical force after two subsequent inflammatory events using literature data. Then, by performing global sensitivity analyses that simulated thousands of nociceptor-priming scenarios, we identified five ion channels and two molecular processes (from the 18 modeled transmembrane proteins and 29 intracellular signaling components) as potential regulators of the increase in AP firing in response to mechanical forces. Finally, when we simulated specific neuroplastic modifications in Kv1.1 and Nav1.7 alone as well as with simultaneous modifications in Nav1.7, Nav1.8, TRPA1, and Kv7.2, we observed a considerable increase in the fold change in the number of triggered APs in primed nociceptors. These results suggest that altering the expression of Kv1.1 and Nav1.7 might regulate the neuronal hyperexcitability in primed mechanosensitive muscle nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Nagaraja
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shivendra G. Tewari
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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18
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Song D, Tresch M. Prediction of isometric forces from combined epidural spinal cord and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in the rat lower limb. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3377679. [PMID: 37886495 PMCID: PMC10602082 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3377679/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Both epidural spinal cord and muscle stimulation have been widely used for restoration of movement after spinal cord injury. However, using both approaches simultaneously could provide more flexible control compared to using either approach alone. We evaluate whether responses evoked by combined spinal and muscle stimulation can be predicted by the linear summation of responses produced by each individually. Should this be true, it would simplify the prediction of co-stimulation responses and the development of control schemes for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. In anesthetized rats, we measured hindlimb isometric forces in response to spinal and muscle stimulation across a range of amplitudes. Force prediction errors were calculated as the difference between predicted co-stimulation vectors and observed co-stimulation vectors whereby small errors signified evidence for linear summation. We found that the errors for spinal and muscle co-stimulation were significantly larger than expected. Using a bootstrapping analysis, we find that these larger errors do not reflect a nonlinear interaction between spinal and muscle responses. Instead, they can be attributed to the variability of spinal stimulation responses. We discuss the implications of these results to the use of combined muscle and spinal stimulation for the restoration of movement following spinal cord injury.
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19
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Chung YC, Shemmell J, Kumala C, Soedirdjo SDH, Dhaher YY. Identifying spinal tracts transmitting distant effects of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol 2023; 130:883-894. [PMID: 37646076 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00202.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating the state of tract-specific inputs to spinal motoneurons is critical to understanding movement deficits induced by neurological injury and potential pathways to recovery but remains challenging in humans. In this study, we explored the capability of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (TSMS) to modulate distal reflex circuits in young adults. TSMS was applied over the thoracic spine to condition soleus H-reflexes involving sacral-level motoneurons. Three TSMS intensities below the motor threshold were applied at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 2 and 20 ms relative to peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS). Although low-intensity TSMS yielded no changes in H-reflexes across ISIs, the two higher stimulus intensities yielded two phases of H-reflex inhibition: a relatively long-lasting period at 2- to 9-ms ISIs, and a short phase at 11- to 12-ms ISIs. H-reflex inhibition at 2-ms ISI was uniquely dependent on TSMS intensity. To identify the candidate neural pathways contributing to H-reflex suppression, we constructed a tract-specific conduction time estimation model. Based upon our model, H-reflex inhibition at 11- to 12-ms ISIs is likely a manifestation of orthodromic transmission along the lateral reticulospinal tract. In contrast, the inhibition at 2-ms ISI likely reflects orthodromic transmission along sensory fibers with activation reaching the brain, before descending along motor tracts. Multiple pathways may contribute to H-reflex modulation between 4- and 9-ms ISIs, orthodromic transmission along sensorimotor tracts, and antidromic transmission of multiple motor tracts. Our findings suggest that noninvasive TSMS can influence motoneuron excitability at distal segments and that the contribution of specific tracts to motoneuron excitability may be distinguishable based on conduction velocities.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study explored the capability of trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (TSMS) over the thoracic spine to modulate distal reflex circuits, H-reflexes involving sacral-level motoneurons, in young adults. TSMS induced two inhibition phases of H-reflex across interstimulus intervals (ISIs): a relatively long-lasting period at 2- to 9-ms ISIs, and a short phase at 11- to 12-ms ISIs. An estimated probability model constructed from tract-specific conduction velocities allowed the identification of potential spinal tracts contributing to the changes in motoneuron excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Chung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jonathan Shemmell
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Caitlin Kumala
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
| | - Subaryani D H Soedirdjo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Yasin Y Dhaher
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, United States
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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20
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Matter L, Harland B, Raos B, Svirskis D, Asplund M. Generation of direct current electrical fields as regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury: A review. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031505. [PMID: 37736015 PMCID: PMC10511262 DOI: 10.1063/5.0152669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) shows promise as a therapy to promote recovery and regeneration after spinal cord injury. ES therapy establishes beneficial electric fields (EFs) and has been investigated in numerous studies, which date back nearly a century. In this review, we discuss the various engineering approaches available to generate regenerative EFs through direct current electrical stimulation and very low frequency electrical stimulation. We highlight the electrode-tissue interface, which is important for the appropriate choice of electrode material and stimulator circuitry. We discuss how to best estimate and control the generated field, which is an important measure for comparability of studies. Finally, we assess the methods used in these studies to measure functional recovery after the injury and treatment. This work reviews studies in the field of ES therapy with the goal of supporting decisions regarding best stimulation strategy and recovery assessment for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Matter
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | - Bruce Harland
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Brad Raos
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Darren Svirskis
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, NZ 1023 Auckland, New Zealand
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21
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Wathen CA, Ghenbot YG, Ozturk AK, Cullen DK, O’Donnell JC, Petrov D. Porcine Models of Spinal Cord Injury. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2202. [PMID: 37626699 PMCID: PMC10452184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Large animal models of spinal cord injury may be useful tools in facilitating the development of translational therapies for spinal cord injury (SCI). Porcine models of SCI are of particular interest due to significant anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans. The similar size and functional organization of the porcine spinal cord, for instance, may facilitate more accurate evaluation of axonal regeneration across long distances that more closely resemble the realities of clinical SCI. Furthermore, the porcine cardiovascular system closely resembles that of humans, including at the level of the spinal cord vascular supply. These anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans not only enable more representative SCI models with the ability to accurately evaluate the translational potential of novel therapies, especially biologics, they also facilitate the collection of physiologic data to assess response to therapy in a setting similar to those used in the clinical management of SCI. This review summarizes the current landscape of porcine spinal cord injury research, including the available models, outcome measures, and the strengths, limitations, and alternatives to porcine models. As the number of investigational SCI therapies grow, porcine SCI models provide an attractive platform for the evaluation of promising treatments prior to clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. Wathen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yohannes G. Ghenbot
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ali K. Ozturk
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
| | - D. Kacy Cullen
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John C. O’Donnell
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
- Center for Neurotrauma, Neurodegeneration & Restoration, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dmitriy Petrov
- Center for Brain Injury & Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.A.W.); (Y.G.G.); (A.K.O.); (D.K.C.); (J.C.O.)
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22
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Liang L, Damiani A, Del Brocco M, Rogers ER, Jantz MK, Fisher LE, Gaunt RA, Capogrosso M, Lempka SF, Pirondini E. A systematic review of computational models for the design of spinal cord stimulation therapies: from neural circuits to patient-specific simulations. J Physiol 2023; 601:3103-3121. [PMID: 36409303 PMCID: PMC10259770 DOI: 10.1113/jp282884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Seventy years ago, Hodgkin and Huxley published the first mathematical model to describe action potential generation, laying the foundation for modern computational neuroscience. Since then, the field has evolved enormously, with studies spanning from basic neuroscience to clinical applications for neuromodulation. Computer models of neuromodulation have evolved in complexity and personalization, advancing clinical practice and novel neurostimulation therapies, such as spinal cord stimulation. Spinal cord stimulation is a therapy widely used to treat chronic pain, with rapidly expanding indications, such as restoring motor function. In general, simulations contributed dramatically to improve lead designs, stimulation configurations, waveform parameters and programming procedures and provided insight into potential mechanisms of action of electrical stimulation. Although the implementation of neural models are relentlessly increasing in number and complexity, it is reasonable to ask whether this observed increase in complexity is necessary for improved accuracy and, ultimately, for clinical efficacy. With this aim, we performed a systematic literature review and a qualitative meta-synthesis of the evolution of computational models, with a focus on complexity, personalization and the use of medical imaging to capture realistic anatomy. Our review showed that increased model complexity and personalization improved both mechanistic and translational studies. More specifically, the use of medical imaging enabled the development of patient-specific models that can help to transform clinical practice in spinal cord stimulation. Finally, we combined our results to provide clear guidelines for standardization and expansion of computational models for spinal cord stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Arianna Damiani
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Matteo Del Brocco
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evan R Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria K Jantz
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lee E Fisher
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert A Gaunt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Marco Capogrosso
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Scott F Lempka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elvira Pirondini
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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23
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Roh EJ, Kim DS, Kim JH, Lim CS, Choi H, Kwon SY, Park SY, Kim JY, Kim HM, Hwang DY, Han DK, Han I. Multimodal therapy strategy based on a bioactive hydrogel for repair of spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 2023; 299:122160. [PMID: 37209541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury results in permanent and serious neurological impairment, but there is no effective treatment yet. Tissue engineering approaches offer great potential for the treatment of SCI, but spinal cord complexity poses great challenges. In this study, the composite scaffold consists of a hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel, decellularized brain matrix (DBM), and bioactive compounds such as polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ primed mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TI-EVs), and human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (NPC). The composite scaffold showed significant effects on regenerative prosses including angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and neural differentiation. In addition, the composite scaffold (DBM/PDRN/TI-EV/NPC@Gel) induced an effective spinal cord regeneration in a rat spinal cord transection model. Therefore, this multimodal approach using an integrated bioactive scaffold coupled with biochemical cues from PDRN and TI-EVs could be used as an advanced tissue engineering platform for spinal cord regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Seul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Su Lim
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea; Division of Biotechnology College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Mun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Keun Han
- Department of Biomedical Science CHA University, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery CHA University School of Medicine, 335 Pangyo-ro Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Simsek EK, Sahinturk F, Gul E, Tepeoglu M, Araz C, Haberal B. Effect of Ozone Therapy on Epidural Fibrosis in Rats. World Neurosurg 2023; 175:e296-e302. [PMID: 36965663 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the effect of medical ozone therapy on the development of epidural fibrosis. METHODS A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: a control group (L3-L4 laminectomy only), a systemic ozone therapy (SOT) group (L3-L4 laminectomy only + intraperitoneal 15 mL [30 μg/mL] ozone), and a local ozone therapy (LOT) group (L3-L4 laminectomy only + subcutaneous 15 mL [30 μg/mL] ozone). Ozone therapy was administered 4 times on a 3-day interval during the wound-healing process, with the first dose immediately administered after surgery. The effects of ozone therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor, inflammation, and epidural fibrosis between groups were evaluated. RESULTS Staining with vascular endothelial growth factor was significantly less in the group that received SOT compared with the control group (P = 0.021). When the groups were compared in terms of inflammation, it was found that inflammation was less common in the SOT and LOT groups compared with the control group (SOT vs. control: P = 0.004 and LOT vs. control: P = 0.024), whereas inflammation was found to be significantly less in the SOT group compared with the LOT group (P = 0.008). In the histopathologic evaluation of epidural fibrosis, there was no significant difference between the SOT and LOT groups but less epidural fibrosis was observed in both groups compared to the control group (LOT vs. control: P = 0.037; SOT vs. control: P = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Medical ozone therapy may be an alternative method that can be used effectively and safely in the prevention of epidural fibrosis after laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Kaya Simsek
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fikret Sahinturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Eylem Gul
- Department of Biostatistics, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merih Tepeoglu
- Department of Pathology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Coskun Araz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bahtiyar Haberal
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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25
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Knibbe CA, Ahmed RU, Wilkins F, Sharma M, Ethridge J, Morgan M, Gibson D, Cooper KB, Howland DR, Vadhanam MV, Barve SS, Davison S, Sherwood LC, Semler J, Abell T, Boakye M. SmartPill™ Administration to Assess Gastrointestinal Function after Spinal Cord Injury in a Porcine Model-A Preliminary Study. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1660. [PMID: 37371755 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) complications, including motility disorders, metabolic deficiencies, and changes in gut microbiota following spinal cord injury (SCI), are associated with poor outcomes. After SCI, the autonomic nervous system becomes unbalanced below the level of injury and can lead to severe GI dysfunction. The SmartPill™ is a non-invasive capsule that, when ingested, transmits pH, temperature, and pressure readings that can be used to assess effects in GI function post-injury. Our minipig model allows us to assess these post-injury changes to optimize interventions and ultimately improve GI function. The aim of this study was to compare pre-injury to post-injury transit times, pH, and pressures in sections of GI tract by utilizing the SmartPill™ in three pigs after SCI at 2 and 6 weeks. Tributyrin was administered to two pigs to assess the influences on their gut microenvironment. We observed prolonged GET (Gastric Emptying Time) and CTT (Colon Transit Time), decreases in contraction frequencies (Con freq) in the antrum of the stomach, colon, and decreases in duodenal pressures post-injury. We noted increases in Sum amp generated at 2 weeks post-injury in the colon, with corresponding decreases in Con freq. We found transient changes in pH in the colon and small intestine at 2 weeks post-injury, with minimal effect on stomach pH post-injury. Prolonged GETs and CTTs can influence the absorptive profile in the gut and contribute to pathology development. This is the first pilot study to administer the SmartPill™ in minipigs in the context of SCI. Further investigations will elucidate these trends and characterize post-SCI GI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase A Knibbe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Rakib Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Felicia Wilkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Mayur Sharma
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Jay Ethridge
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Monique Morgan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Destiny Gibson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Kimberly B Cooper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Dena R Howland
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
- Research Service, Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40206, USA
| | - Manicka V Vadhanam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Shirish S Barve
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Steven Davison
- Comparative Medicine Research Unit, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Leslie C Sherwood
- Comparative Medicine Research Unit, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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26
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Bennet BM, Pardo ID, Assaf BT, Buza E, Cramer S, Crawford LK, Engelhardt JA, Grubor B, Morrison JP, Osborne TS, Sharma AK, Bolon B. Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider: Sampling, Processing, Evaluation, Interpretation, and Reporting of Test Article-Related Ganglion Pathology for Nonclinical Toxicity Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2023; 51:176-204. [PMID: 37489508 DOI: 10.1177/01926233231179707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Certain biopharmaceutical products consistently affect dorsal root ganglia, trigeminal ganglia, and/or autonomic ganglia. Product classes targeting ganglia include antineoplastic chemotherapeutics, adeno-associated virus-based gene therapies, antisense oligonucleotides, and anti-nerve growth factor agents. This article outlines "points to consider" for sample collection, processing, evaluation, interpretation, and reporting of ganglion findings; these points are consistent with published best practices for peripheral nervous system evaluation in nonclinical toxicity studies. Ganglion findings often occur as a combination of neuronal injury (e.g., degeneration, necrosis, and/or loss) and/or glial effects (e.g., increased satellite glial cell cellularity) with leukocyte accumulation (e.g., mononuclear cell infiltration or inflammation). Nerve fiber degeneration and/or glial reactions may be seen in nerves, dorsal spinal nerve roots, spinal cord, and occasionally brainstem. Interpretation of test article (TA)-associated effects may be confounded by incidental background changes or experimental procedure-related changes and limited historical control data. Reports should describe findings at these sites, any TA relationship, and the criteria used for assigning severity grades. Contextualizing adversity of ganglia findings can require a weight-of-evidence approach because morphologic changes of variable severity occur in ganglia but often are not accompanied by observable overt in-life functional alterations detectable by conventional behavioral and neurological testing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elizabeth Buza
- University of Pennsylvania, Gene Therapy Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - LaTasha K Crawford
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - James P Morrison
- Charles River Laboratories, Inc., Shrewsbury, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Nagaraja S, Tewari SG, Reifman J. Identification of key factors driving inflammation-induced sensitization of muscle sensory neurons. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1147437. [PMID: 37250415 PMCID: PMC10213456 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1147437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons embedded in muscle tissue that initiate pain sensations, i.e., nociceptors, are temporarily sensitized by inflammatory mediators during musculoskeletal trauma. These neurons transduce peripheral noxious stimuli into an electrical signal [i.e., an action potential (AP)] and, when sensitized, demonstrate lower activation thresholds and a heightened AP response. We still do not understand the relative contributions of the various transmembrane proteins and intracellular signaling processes that drive the inflammation-induced hyperexcitability of nociceptors. In this study, we used computational analysis to identify key proteins that could regulate the inflammation-induced increase in the magnitude of AP firing in mechanosensitive muscle nociceptors. First, we extended a previously validated model of a mechanosensitive mouse muscle nociceptor to incorporate two inflammation-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways and validated the model simulations of inflammation-induced nociceptor sensitization using literature data. Then, by performing global sensitivity analyses that simulated thousands of inflammation-induced nociceptor sensitization scenarios, we identified three ion channels and four molecular processes (from the 17 modeled transmembrane proteins and 28 intracellular signaling components) as potential regulators of the inflammation-induced increase in AP firing in response to mechanical forces. Moreover, we found that simulating single knockouts of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and reducing the rates of Gαq-coupled receptor phosphorylation and Gαq subunit activation considerably altered the excitability of nociceptors (i.e., each modification increased or decreased the inflammation-induced fold change in the number of triggered APs compared to when all channels were present). These results suggest that altering the expression of TRPA1 or the concentration of intracellular Gαq might regulate the inflammation-induced increase in AP response of mechanosensitive muscle nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridevi Nagaraja
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shivendra G. Tewari
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaques Reifman
- Department of Defense Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software Applications Institute, Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, U.S. Army Medical Research and Development Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
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28
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Rahman MM, Lee JY, Kim YH, Park CK. Epidural and Intrathecal Drug Delivery in Rats and Mice for Experimental Research: Fundamental Concepts, Techniques, Precaution, and Application. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051413. [PMID: 37239084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidural and intrathecal routes are the most effective drug administration methods for pain management in clinical and experimental medicine to achieve quick results, reduce required drug dosages, and overcome the adverse effects associated with the oral and parenteral routes. Beyond pain management with analgesics, the intrathecal route is more widely used for stem cell therapy, gene therapy, insulin delivery, protein therapy, and drug therapy with agonist, antagonist, or antibiotic drugs in experimental medicine. However, clear information regarding intrathecal and epidural drug delivery in rats and mice is lacking, despite differences from human medicine in terms of anatomical space and proximity to the route of entry. In this study, we discussed and compared the anatomical locations of the epidural and intrathecal spaces, cerebrospinal fluid volume, dorsal root ganglion, techniques and challenges of epidural and intrathecal injections, dosage and volume of drugs, needle and catheter sizes, and the purpose and applications of these two routes in different disease models in rats and mice. We also described intrathecal injection in relation to the dorsal root ganglion. The accumulated information about the epidural and intrathecal delivery routes could contribute to better safety, quality, and reliability in experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Gachon Pain Center and Department of Physiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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29
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Rhee S, Son WG, Kim D, Shin D, Kim J, Sung T, Yoon S, Lee I. Evaluation of an automatic approach device to the epidural space of Beagle dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2023:S1467-2987(23)00079-X. [PMID: 37271718 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the epidural anesthesia device (EPIA), which facilitates an automatic approach to location of the epidural space, with the performance of clinicians using tactile sensation and differences in pressure when inserting an epidural needle into the epidural space of a dog. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, crossover experiment. ANIMALS A total of 14 Beagle dogs weighing 7.5 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± standard deviation). METHODS Each dog was anesthetized three times at 2 week intervals for three anesthesiologists (two experienced, one novice) to perform 14 epidural injections (seven manual and EPIA device each). The sequence of methods was assigned randomly for each anesthesiologist. The dogs were anesthetized with medetomidine (10 μg kg-1), alfaxalone (2 mg kg-1) and isoflurane and positioned in sternal recumbency with the pelvic limbs extended cranially. Epidural puncture in the manual method was determined by pop sensation, hanging drop technique and reduced injection pressure, whereas using the device a sudden decrease in reaction force on the device was detected. A C-arm identified needle placement in the epidural space, and after administration of iohexol (0.3 mL), the needle length in the epidural space was defined as the mean value measured by three radiologists. Normality was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and significant differences between the two methods were analyzed using an independent sample t test. RESULTS In both methods, the success rates of epidural insertion were the same at 95.2%. The length of the needle in the epidural space using the device and manual methods was 1.59 ± 0.50 and 1.68 ± 0.88 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.718). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE EPIA device was comparable to human tactile sense for an epidural needle insertion in Beagle dogs. Further research should be conducted for application of the device in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suehyung Rhee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gyun Son
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalhae Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwi Shin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehoon Sung
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Yoon
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea; RIMSCIENCE Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Inhyung Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Greer S, Cramberg M, Young BA. Morphology of the distal tip of the spinal cord in Alligator mississippiensis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023; 306:889-904. [PMID: 35684989 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Secondary neurulation is a common feature of vertebrate development, which in non-mammalian and non-anuran vertebrates, results in the formation of a caudal spinal cord. The present study was undertaken to describe the terminal end of the caudal spinal cord in a crocodylian, a group chosen for their unique status of a living-tailed archosaur. The caudal spinal cord of Alligator mississippiensis terminates near the intervertebral joint between the fourth and fifth terminal vertebrae. Prior to this termination, the dorsal root ganglia get proportionately larger, then stop before the termination of the spinal cord; and the gray matter of the spinal cord is lost producing an unusual morphology in which an ependymal-lined central canal is surrounded by only white matter which is not divided into a cauda equina. The inner layer of the meninges (the pia-arachnoid) courses over the distal end of the spinal cord and forms a ventral attachment, reminiscent of a very short Filum terminale; there is no caudal cistern. The dura extends beyond the termination of the spinal cord, continuing for at least the length of the fourth terminal vertebra, forming a structure herein termed the distal meningeal sheath. During its course, the distal meningeal sheath surrounds a mass of mesothelial cells, then terminates as an attachment on the dorsal surface of the vertebra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skye Greer
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Michael Cramberg
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri
| | - Bruce A Young
- Department of Anatomy, Kirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kirksville, Missouri
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Sengupta A, Mishra A, Wang F, Chen L, Gore J. Identification of synchronous BOLD signal patterns in white matter of primate spinal cord. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2389151. [PMID: 36993492 PMCID: PMC10055542 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2389151/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Functional MRI studies of the brain have shown that blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals are robustly detectable not only in gray matter (GM) but also in white matter (WM). Here, we report the detection and characteristics of BOLD signals in WM of spinal cord (SC) of squirrel monkeys. Tactile stimulus-evoked BOLD signal changes were detected in the ascending sensory tracts of SC using a General-Linear Model (GLM) as well as Independent Component Analysis (ICA). ICA of resting state signals identified coherent fluctuations from eight WM hubs which correspond closely with known anatomical locations of SC WM tracts. Resting state analyses showed that the WM hubs exhibited correlated signal fluctuations within and between SC segments in specific patterns that correspond well with the known neurobiological functions of WM tracts in SC. Overall, these findings suggest WM BOLD signals in SC show similar features as GM both at baseline and under stimulus conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Wang
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Li Chen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - John Gore
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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Porcine Model of the Growing Spinal Cord-Changes in Diffusion Tensor Imaging Parameters. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040565. [PMID: 36830353 PMCID: PMC9951717 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has promising applications for the objective assessment of the microstructure of the spinal cord. This study aimed to verify the parameters obtained using DTI change during the growth process. We also wanted to identify if the DTI values change on the course of the spinal cord. The model organism was a healthy growing porcine spinal cord (19 pigs, Polish White, weight 24-120 kg, mean 48 kg, median 48 kg, age 2.5-11 months, mean 5 months, median 5.5 months). DTI parameters were measured in three weight groups: up to 29 kg (five pigs), 30-59 kg (six pigs), and from 60 kg up (eight pigs). DTI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner (Philips, Ingenia). Image post-processing was done using the Fiber Track package (Philips Ingenia workstation) by manually drawing the regions of interest (nine ROIs). The measurements were recorded for three sections: the cervical, thoracolumbar and lumbar segments of the spinal cord at the C4/C5, Th13/L1, and L4/L5 vertebrae levels. In each case, one segment was measured cranially and one caudally from the above-mentioned places. The values of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were obtained for each ROIs and compared. It is shown that there is a correlation between age, weight gain, and change in FA and ADC parameters. Moreover, it is noted that, with increasing weight and age, the FA parameter increases and ADC decreases, whereas the FA and ADC measurement values did not significantly change between the three sections of the spinal cord. These findings could be useful in determining the reference values for the undamaged spinal cords of animals and growing humans.
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Dorrian RM, Berryman CF, Lauto A, Leonard AV. Electrical stimulation for the treatment of spinal cord injuries: A review of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive functional improvements. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1095259. [PMID: 36816852 PMCID: PMC9936196 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1095259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that causes severe loss of motor, sensory and autonomic functions. Additionally, many individuals experience chronic neuropathic pain that is often refractory to interventions. While treatment options to improve outcomes for individuals with SCI remain limited, significant research efforts in the field of electrical stimulation have made promising advancements. Epidural electrical stimulation, peripheral nerve stimulation, and functional electrical stimulation have shown promising improvements for individuals with SCI, ranging from complete weight-bearing locomotion to the recovery of sexual function. Despite this, there is a paucity of mechanistic understanding, limiting our ability to optimize stimulation devices and parameters, or utilize combinatorial treatments to maximize efficacy. This review provides a background into SCI pathophysiology and electrical stimulation methods, before exploring cellular and molecular mechanisms suggested in the literature. We highlight several key mechanisms that contribute to functional improvements from electrical stimulation, identify gaps in current knowledge and highlight potential research avenues for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Dorrian
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia,*Correspondence: Ryan M. Dorrian,
| | | | - Antonio Lauto
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Anna V. Leonard
- Spinal Cord Injury Research Group, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Utilizing Additive Manufacturing to Produce Organ Mimics and Imaging Phantoms. SURGERIES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/surgeries4010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex geometries and material properties necessary for generating accurate organ mimics require new procedures and methods to fully utilize current technologies. The increased accessibility of 3D printers, along with more specialized bioprinters, allow the creation of highly tunable models of various body parts. Three-dimensional printing can reduce lead-time on custom parts, produce structures based on imaging data in patients, and generate a test bench for novel surgical methods. This technical note will cover three unique case studes and offer insights for how 3D printing can be used for lab research. Each case follows a unique design process in comparison to traditional manufacturing workflows as they required significantly more iterative design. The strengths of different printing technologies, design choices, and structural/chemical requirements all influence the design process. Utilization of in-house manufacturing allows for greater flexibility and lower lead-times for novel research applications. Detailed discussions of these design processes will help reduce some of the major barriers to entry for these technologies and provide options for researchers working in the field.
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Yadav A, Matson KJE, Li L, Hua I, Petrescu J, Kang K, Alkaslasi MR, Lee DI, Hasan S, Galuta A, Dedek A, Ameri S, Parnell J, Alshardan MM, Qumqumji FA, Alhamad SM, Wang AP, Poulen G, Lonjon N, Vachiery-Lahaye F, Gaur P, Nalls MA, Qi YA, Maric D, Ward ME, Hildebrand ME, Mery PF, Bourinet E, Bauchet L, Tsai EC, Phatnani H, Le Pichon CE, Menon V, Levine AJ. A cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord. Neuron 2023; 111:328-344.e7. [PMID: 36731429 PMCID: PMC10044516 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian spinal cord functions as a community of cell types for sensory processing, autonomic control, and movement. While animal models have advanced our understanding of spinal cellular diversity, characterizing human biology directly is important to uncover specialized features of basic function and human pathology. Here, we present a cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord using single-nucleus RNA sequencing with spatial transcriptomics and antibody validation. We identified 29 glial clusters and 35 neuronal clusters, organized principally by anatomical location. To demonstrate the relevance of this resource to human disease, we analyzed spinal motoneurons, which degenerate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other diseases. We found that compared with other spinal neurons, human motoneurons are defined by genes related to cell size, cytoskeletal structure, and ALS, suggesting a specialized molecular repertoire underlying their selective vulnerability. We include a web resource to facilitate further investigations into human spinal cord biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaya J E Matson
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Johns Hopkins University Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Li Li
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabelle Hua
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joana Petrescu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristy Kang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mor R Alkaslasi
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Dylan I Lee
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Saadia Hasan
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Galuta
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Annemarie Dedek
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sara Ameri
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Parnell
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Saud M Alhamad
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alick Pingbei Wang
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Gaetan Poulen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Lonjon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Florence Vachiery-Lahaye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France
| | - Pallavi Gaur
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Data Tecnica International LLC, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Yue A Qi
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Ward
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Hildebrand
- Inherited Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA; Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Pierre-Francois Mery
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuel Bourinet
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Bauchet
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, and Donation and Transplantation Coordination Unit, Montpellier University Medical Center, Montpellier, France; Institute of Functional Genomics, Montpellier University, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Eve C Tsai
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claire E Le Pichon
- Unit on the Development of Neurodegeneration, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ariel J Levine
- Spinal Circuits and Plasticity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Chen X, Lim DA, Lawlor MW, Dimmock D, Vite CH, Lester T, Tavakkoli F, Sadhu C, Prasad S, Gray SJ. Biodistribution of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Following Cerebrospinal Fluid-Directed Administration. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:94-111. [PMID: 36606687 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene therapies, exemplified by the approved therapy for spinal muscular atrophy, have the potential to deliver disease-course-altering treatments for central nervous system (CNS) indications. However, several clinical trials have reported severe adverse events, including patient deaths following high-dose systemic administration for muscle-directed gene transfer, highlighting the need to explore approaches utilizing lower doses when targeting the CNS. Animal models of disease provide insight into the response to new AAV therapies. However, translation from small to larger animals and eventually to humans is hampered by anatomical and biological differences across the species and their impact on AAV delivery. We performed a literature review of preclinical studies of AAV gene therapy biodistribution following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) delivery (intracerebroventricular, intra-cisterna magna, and intrathecal lumbar). The reviewed literature varies greatly in the reported biodistribution of AAV following administration into the CSF. Differences between studies, including animal model, vector serotype used, method used to assess biodistribution, and route of administration, among other variables, contribute to differing outcomes and difficulties in translating these preclinical results. For example, only half of the published AAV-based gene therapy studies report vector copy number, the most direct readout following administration of a vector; none of these studies reported details such as the empty:full capsid ratio and quality of encapsidated genome. Analysis of the last decade's literature focusing on AAV-based gene therapies targeting the CNS underscores limitations of the body of knowledge and room for continued research. In particular, there is a need to understand the biodistribution achieved by different CSF-directed routes of administration and determining if specific cell types/structures of interest will be transduced. Our findings point to a clear need for a more systematic approach across the field to align the assessments and elements reported in preclinical research to enable more reliable translation across animal models and into human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel A Lim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regeneration Medicine, and the Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Medical College of Wisconsin and Diverge Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Dimmock
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Charles H Vite
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven J Gray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Bessen MA, Gayen CD, Quarrington RD, Walls AC, Leonard AV, Kurtcuoglu V, Jones CF. Characterising spinal cerebrospinal fluid flow in the pig with phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:5. [PMID: 36653870 PMCID: PMC9850564 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detecting changes in pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow may assist clinical management decisions, but spinal CSF flow is relatively understudied. Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) often cause spinal cord swelling and subarachnoid space (SAS) obstruction, potentially causing pulsatile CSF flow changes. Pigs are emerging as a favoured large animal SCI model; therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise CSF flow along the healthy pig spine. METHODS Phase-contrast magnetic resonance images (PC-MRI), retrospectively cardiac gated, were acquired for fourteen laterally recumbent, anaesthetised and ventilated, female domestic pigs (22-29 kg). Axial images were obtained at C2/C3, T8/T9, T11/T12 and L1/L2. Dorsal and ventral SAS regions of interest (ROI) were manually segmented. CSF flow and velocity were determined throughout a cardiac cycle. Linear mixed-effects models, with post-hoc comparisons, were used to identify differences in peak systolic/diastolic flow, and maximum velocity (cranial/caudal), across spinal levels and dorsal/ventral SAS. Velocity wave speed from C2/C3 to L1/L2 was calculated. RESULTS PC-MRI data were obtained for 11/14 animals. Pulsatile CSF flow was observed at all spinal levels. Peak systolic flow was greater at C2/C3 (dorsal: - 0.32 ± 0.14 mL/s, ventral: - 0.15 ± 0.13 mL/s) than T8/T9 dorsally (- 0.04 ± 0.03 mL/s; p < 0.001), but not different ventrally (- 0.08 ± 0.08 mL/s; p = 0.275), and no difference between thoracolumbar levels (p > 0.05). Peak diastolic flow was greater at C2/C3 (0.29 ± 0.08 mL/s) compared to T8/T9 (0.03 ± 0.03 mL/s, p < 0.001) dorsally, but not different ventrally (p = 1.000). Cranial and caudal maximum velocity at C2/C3 were greater than thoracolumbar levels dorsally (p < 0.001), and T8/T9 and L1/L2 ventrally (p = 0.022). Diastolic velocity wave speed was 1.41 ± 0.39 m/s dorsally and 1.22 ± 0.21 m/s ventrally, and systolic velocity wave speed was 1.02 ± 0.25 m/s dorsally and 0.91 ± 0.22 m/s ventrally. CONCLUSIONS In anaesthetised and ventilated domestic pigs, spinal CSF has lower pulsatile flow and slower velocity wave propagation, compared to humans. This study provides baseline CSF flow at spinal levels relevant for future SCI research in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Amy Bessen
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Spinal Research Group and Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Christine Diana Gayen
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Spinal Research Group and Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 2, Helen Mayo North Building, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Ryan David Quarrington
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Spinal Research Group and Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Angela Catherine Walls
- grid.430453.50000 0004 0565 2606Clinical and Research Imaging Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, National Imaging Facility, Northern Pod, SAHMRI, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Anna Victoria Leonard
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, The University of Adelaide, Level 2, Helen Mayo North Building, The University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Vartan Kurtcuoglu
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Frances Jones
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Adelaide Spinal Research Group and Centre for Orthopaedics and Trauma Research, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Level 7, Adelaide Health and Medical Sciences Building, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia ,grid.416075.10000 0004 0367 1221Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
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Ahmed RU, Knibbe CA, Wilkins F, Sherwood LC, Howland DR, Boakye M. Porcine spinal cord injury model for translational research across multiple functional systems. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114267. [PMID: 36356636 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Animal models are necessary to identify pathological changes and help assess therapeutic outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI). Small animal models offer value in research in terms of their easily managed size, minimal maintenance requirements, lower cost, well-characterized genomes, and ability to power research studies. However, despite these benefits, small animal models have neurologic and anatomical differences that may influence translation of results to humans and thus limiting the success of their use in preclinical studies as a direct pipeline to clinical studies. Large animal models, offer an attractive intermediary translation model that may be more successful in translating to the clinic for SCI research. This is largely due to their greater neurologic and anatomical similarities to humans. The physical characteristics of pig spinal cord, gut microbiome, metabolism, proportions of white to grey matter, bowel anatomy and function, and urinary system are strikingly similar and provide great insight into human SCI conditions. In this review, we address the variety of existing porcine injury models and their translational relevance, benefits, and drawbacks in modeling human systems and functions for neurophysiology, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urodynamic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakib Uddin Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Chase A Knibbe
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Felicia Wilkins
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Leslie C Sherwood
- Comparative Medicine Research Unit, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Dena R Howland
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA; Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Maxwell Boakye
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Duits A, Salvatori D, Schouten J, van Urk P, Gaalen SV, Ottink K, Öner C, Kruyt M. Preclinical model for lumbar interbody fusion in small ruminants: Rationale and guideline. J Orthop Translat 2023; 38:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Kondo T, Inoue I, Umeyama K, Watanabe M, Matsunari H, Uchikura A, Nakano K, Tsukita K, Imamura K, Nagashima H, Inoue H. A Transgenic Pig Model With Human Mutant SOD1 Exhibits the Early Pathology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100013. [PMID: 37039150 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2022.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes progressive degeneration of the motor neurons. In this study, we delivered the genetic construct including the whole locus of human mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) with the promoter region of human SOD1 into porcine zygotes using intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated gene transfer, and we thereby generated a pig model of human mutant SOD1-mediated familial ALS. The established ALS pig model exhibited an initial abnormality of motor neurons with accumulated misfolded SOD1. The ALS pig model, with a body size similar to that of human beings, will provide opportunities for cell and gene therapy platforms in preclinical translational research.
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Jantz MK, Gopinath C, Kumar R, Chin C, Wong L, Ogren JI, Fisher LE, McLaughlin BL, Gaunt RA. High-density spinal cord stimulation selectively activates lower urinary tract nerves. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:066014. [PMID: 36343359 PMCID: PMC9855651 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aca0c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a potential intervention to improve limb and autonomic functions, with lumbar stimulation improving locomotion and thoracic stimulation regulating blood pressure. Here, we asked whether sacral SCS could be used to target the lower urinary tract (LUT) and used a high-density epidural electrode array to test whether individual electrodes could selectively recruit LUT nerves.Approach. We placed a high-density epidural SCS array on the dorsal surface of the sacral spinal cord and cauda equina of anesthetized cats and recorded the stimulation-evoked activity from nerve cuffs on the pelvic, pudendal and sciatic nerves.Main results. Here we show that sacral SCS evokes responses in nerves innervating the bladder and urethra and that these nerves can be activated selectively. Sacral SCS always recruited the pelvic and pudendal nerves and selectively recruited both of these nerves in all but one animal. Individual branches of the pudendal nerve were always recruited as well. Electrodes that selectively recruited specific peripheral nerves were spatially clustered on the arrays, suggesting anatomically organized sensory pathways.Significance.This selective recruitment demonstrates a mechanism to directly modulate bladder and urethral function through known reflex pathways, which could be used to restore bladder and urethral function after injury or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K Jantz
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Chaitanya Gopinath
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Celine Chin
- Micro-Leads Inc., Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - Liane Wong
- Micro-Leads Inc., Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - John I Ogren
- Micro-Leads Inc., Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - Lee E Fisher
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Robert A Gaunt
- Rehab Neural Engineering Labs, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Allgood JE, Roballo KCS, Sparks BB, Bushman JS. The effects of graft source and orientation on outcomes after ablation of a branched peripheral nerve. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:1055490. [DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.1055490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Segmental peripheral nerve injuries (PNI) are the most common cause of enduring nervous system dysfunction. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an extensive and highly branching organization. While much is known about the factors that affect regeneration through sharp bisections and linear ablations of peripheral nerves, very little has been investigated or documented about PNIs that ablate branch points. Such injuries present additional complexity compared to linear segmental defects. This study compared outcomes following ablation of a branch point with branched grafts, specifically examining how graft source and orientation of the branched graft contributed to regeneration. The model system was Lewis rats that underwent a 2.5 cm ablation that started in the sciatic nerve trunk and included the peroneal/tibial branch point. Rats received grafts that were rat sciatic autograft, inbred sciatic allograft, and inbred femoral allograft, each of which was a branched graft of 2.5 cm. Allografts were obtained from Lewis rats, which is an inbred strain. Both branches of the sciatic grafts were mixed motor and sensory while the femoral grafts were smaller in diameter than sciatic grafts and one branch of the femoral graft is sensory and the other motor. All branched grafts were sutured into the defect in two orientations dictated by which branch in the graft was sutured to the tibial vs peroneal stumps in recipients. Outcome measures include compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) and CatWalk gait analysis throughout the recovery period, with toluidine blue for intrinsic nerve morphometry and retrograde labeling conducted at the 36-week experimental end point. Results indicate that graft source and orientation does play a significant role earlier in the regenerative process but by 36 weeks all groups showed very similar indications of regeneration across multiple outcomes.
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Bandres MF, Gomes JL, McPherson JG. Spinal stimulation for motor rehabilitation immediately modulates nociceptive transmission. J Neural Eng 2022; 19:10.1088/1741-2552/ac9a00. [PMID: 36228593 PMCID: PMC9797038 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac9a00] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in debilitating movement impairments and neuropathic pain. Electrical stimulation of spinal neurons holds considerable promise both for enhancing neural transmission in weakened motor pathways and for reducing neural transmission in overactive nociceptive pathways. However, spinal stimulation paradigms currently under development for individuals living with SCI continue overwhelmingly to be developed in the context of motor rehabilitation alone. The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that motor-targeted spinal stimulation simultaneously modulates spinal nociceptive transmission.Approach. We characterized the neuromodulatory actions of motor-targeted intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) on the firing dynamics of large populations of discrete nociceptive specific and wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons. Neurons were accessed via dense microelectrode arrays implantedin vivointo lumbar enlargement of rats. Nociceptive and non-nociceptive cutaneous transmission was induced before, during, and after ISMS by mechanically probing the L5 dermatome.Main results. Our primary findings are that (a) sub-motor threshold ISMS delivered to spinal motor pools immediately modulates concurrent nociceptive transmission; (b) the magnitude of anti-nociceptive effects increases with longer durations of ISMS, including robust carryover effects; (c) the majority of all identified nociceptive-specific and WDR neurons exhibit firing rate reductions after only 10 min of ISMS; and (d) ISMS does not increase spinal responsiveness to non-nociceptive cutaneous transmission. These results lead to the conclusion that ISMS parameterized to enhance motor output results in an overall net decrease n spinal nociceptive transmission.Significance. These results suggest that ISMS may hold translational potential for neuropathic pain-related applications and that it may be uniquely suited to delivering multi-modal therapeutic benefits for individuals living with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Bandres
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Jefferson L. Gomes
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - Jacob G. McPherson
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Program in Neuroscience; Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Washington University in St. Louis
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Grossman RG, Tang X, Horner PJ. Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Lumbar-Sacral Spinal Cord. World Neurosurg 2022; 166:e460-e468. [PMID: 35840094 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Lumbar-Sacral Spinal Cord has been created to provide an anatomical basis for radiologic and ultrasonic imaging and electrophysiological examination, which are used to target the placement of lumbar-sacral epidural stimulating electrodes and cellular transplantation in order to restore movement in individuals with sustained spinal cord injury or a degenerative disorder of the spinal cord. Through the availability of an atlas that exhibits axial images of the cytoarchitecture of each cord segment with a stereotaxic millimeter grid of dorsal-ventral depth from the midline dorsal surface of the cord and right-left distances from the midline of the cord, neuromodulation, and cellular therapy would undoubtedly be made not only more precise but also safer for patients. METHODS The atlas is based upon dimension measurements and subsequent serial sectioning, staining and high-resolution digital imaging of the lumbar-sacral enlargement of 20 adult human spinal cords. RESULTS Nissl stained cross-sections from cord segments L1-S3 illustrate the cytoarchitecture and stereotactic coordinates. CONCLUSIONS The atlas provides an anatomical basis for radiologic and physiologic confirmation of target localization in the lumbar-sacral spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiufeng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J Horner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Evaluating Compressed SENSE (CS) MRI Metal Artifact Reduction Using Pig L-Spine Phantom and Transplant Patients: Focused on the CS-SEMAC (SPIR), mDixon(O-MAR) and STIR Techniques. Tomography 2022; 8:2298-2312. [PMID: 36136888 PMCID: PMC9498365 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8050192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the clinical usefulness of the images obtained after applying mDixon (O-MAR), CS-SEMAC (SPIR), and STIR techniques to Pig L-Spine Phantom and transplant patients according to the difference in the reduction in metal artifacts and provides the optimal MAR image technique. This study was conducted with Phantom and 30 transplant patients who had an implant on the L-Spine (22 men, 8 women, mean age: 64.2 ± 12.98). All data analyzed were evaluated, using Philips Ingenia 3.0T CX. As pulse sequences, applied to the analysis, mDixon (O-MAR), CS-SEMAC (SPIR), and STIR were used. As the coil used to obtain data, the dStream Head Spine Coil was used. When tested directly applying to the transplant patients in the conditions the same as for the Phantom, as for the MAR effect of T1 and T2 images, the SNR value showed the highest effect on the increase in the signal in T1, T2 CS-SEMAC (SPIR), followed by mDixon (O-MAR) and STIR, which was the same result as the Phantom (p < 0.05). In addition, in the results of the histogram measurement in both of the subjects, Phantom and transplant patients, the count of T1, the T2 Sagittal image was the highest in T1, T2 STIR, followed by T1, T2 mDixon (O-MAR) and T1, and T2 CS-SEMAC (SPIR). As a result of the qualitative analysis, the quality was the best in T2 CS-SEMAC(SPIR) (c), followed by mDixon (O-MAR) (b) and T2 STIR (a). In conclusion, when the MAR effect on the Pig L-spine Phantom and Transplant patients was compared, it was noted that the CS-SEMAC (SPIR) technique was the most excellent in the following order: STIR < mDixon (O-MAR) < CS-SEMAC (SPIR).
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Weber-Levine C, Hersh AM, Jiang K, Routkevitch D, Tsehay Y, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Judy BF, Kerensky M, Liu A, Adams M, Izzi J, Doloff JC, Manbachi A, Theodore N. Porcine Model of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review. Neurotrauma Rep 2022; 3:352-368. [PMID: 36204385 PMCID: PMC9531891 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease with limited effective treatment options. Animal paradigms are vital for understanding the pathogenesis of SCI and testing potential therapeutics. The porcine model of SCI is increasingly favored because of its greater similarity to humans. However, its adoption is limited by the complexities of care and range of testing parameters. Researchers need to consider swine selection, injury method, post-operative care, rehabilitation, behavioral outcomes, and histology metrics. Therefore, we systematically reviewed full-text English-language articles to evaluate study characteristics used in developing a porcine model and summarize the interventions that have been tested using this paradigm. A total of 63 studies were included, with 33 examining SCI pathogenesis and 30 testing interventions. Studies had an average sample size of 15 pigs with an average weight of 26 kg, and most used female swine with injury to the thoracic cord. Injury was most commonly induced by weight drop with compression. The porcine model is amenable to testing various interventions, including mean arterial pressure augmentation (n = 7), electrical stimulation (n = 6), stem cell therapy (n = 5), hypothermia (n = 2), biomaterials (n = 2), gene therapy (n = 2), steroids (n = 1), and nanoparticles (n = 1). It is also notable for its clinical translatability and is emerging as a valuable pre-clinical study tool. This systematic review can serve as a guideline for researchers implementing and testing the porcine SCI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Weber-Levine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Denis Routkevitch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yohannes Tsehay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Brendan F. Judy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max Kerensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ann Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melanie Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Izzi
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joshua C. Doloff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amir Manbachi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Mainard N, Tsiakaka O, Li S, Denoulet J, Messaoudene K, Vialle R, Feruglio S. Intraoperative Optical Monitoring of Spinal Cord Hemodynamics Using Multiwavelength Imaging System. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:3840. [PMID: 35632249 PMCID: PMC9146887 DOI: 10.3390/s22103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The spinal cord is a major structure of the central nervous system allowing, among other things, the transmission of afferent sensory and efferent motor information. During spinal surgery, such as scoliosis correction, this structure can be damaged, resulting in major neurological damage to the patient. To date, there is no direct way to monitor the oxygenation of the spinal cord intraoperatively to reflect its vitality. This is essential information that would allow surgeons to adapt their procedure in case of ischemic suffering of the spinal cord. We report the development of a specific device to monitor the functional status of biological tissues with high resolution. The device, operating with multiple wavelengths, uses Near-InfraRed Spectroscopy (NIRS) in combination with other additional sensors, including ElectroNeuroGraphy (ENG). In this paper, we focused primarily on aspects of the PhotoPlethysmoGram (PPG), emanating from four different light sources to show in real time and record biological signals from the spinal cord in transmission and reflection modes. This multispectral system was successfully tested in in vivo experiments on the spinal cord of a pig for specific medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mainard
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Jeanne-de-Flandre Hospital, CHU Lille, Avenue Eugène-Avinée, 59000 Lille, France
- Laboratoire D’Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), CNRS UMR7606, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France; (S.L.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Olivier Tsiakaka
- CERVO, Biomedical Microsystems Laboratory, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
| | - Songlin Li
- Laboratoire D’Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), CNRS UMR7606, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France; (S.L.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Julien Denoulet
- Laboratoire D’Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), CNRS UMR7606, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France; (S.L.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Karim Messaoudene
- Laboratoire D’Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), CNRS UMR7606, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France; (S.L.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (S.F.)
| | - Raphael Vialle
- Clinical Research Group “RIC” Robotics and Surgical Innovations, GRC-33 Sorbonne University, 26 Avenue du Dr. Arnold Netter, 75012 Paris, France;
| | - Sylvain Feruglio
- Laboratoire D’Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), CNRS UMR7606, Sorbonne Université, 4 Place Jussieu, CEDEX 05, 75252 Paris, France; (S.L.); (J.D.); (K.M.); (S.F.)
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Kiang L, Woodington B, Carnicer-Lombarte A, Malliaras G, Barone DG. Spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces: opportunities in neural recording and clinical challenges. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35320780 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac605f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronic stimulation of the spinal cord has demonstrated significant progress in restoration of motor function in spinal cord injury (SCI). The proximal, uninjured spinal cord presents a viable target for the recording and generation of control signals to drive targeted stimulation. Signals have been directly recorded from the spinal cord in behaving animals and correlated with limb kinematics. Advances in flexible materials, electrode impedance and signal analysis will allow SCR to be used in next-generation neuroprosthetics. In this review, we summarize the technological advances enabling progress in SCR and describe systematically the clinical challenges facing spinal cord bioelectronic interfaces and potential solutions, from device manufacture, surgical implantation to chronic effects of foreign body reaction and stress-strain mismatches between electrodes and neural tissue. Finally, we establish our vision of bi-directional closed-loop spinal cord bioelectronic bypass interfaces that enable the communication of disrupted sensory signals and restoration of motor function in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kiang
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, Singapore, Singapore, 169608, SINGAPORE
| | - Ben Woodington
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Bioelectronics Laboratory, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - George Malliaras
- University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
| | - Damiano G Barone
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Electrical Engineering Division, 9 JJ Thomson Ave, Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 1TN, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
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Yu Z, Chen JC, He Y, Alrashdan FT, Avants BW, Singer A, Robinson JT, Yang K. Magnetoelectric Bio-Implants Powered and Programmed by a Single Transmitter for Coordinated Multisite Stimulation. IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 2022; 57:818-830. [PMID: 36275505 PMCID: PMC9581110 DOI: 10.1109/jssc.2021.3129993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a hardware platform including stimulating implants wirelessly powered and controlled by a shared transmitter for coordinated leadless multisite stimulation. The adopted novel single-transmitter, multiple-implant structure can flexibly deploy stimuli, improve system efficiency, easily scale stimulating channel quantity and relieve efforts in device synchronization. In the proposed system, a wireless link leveraging magnetoelectric effects is co-designed with a robust and efficient system-on-chip to enable reliable operation and individual programming of every implant. Each implant integrates a 0.8-mm2 chip, a 6-mm2 magnetoelectric film, and an energy storage capacitor within a 6.2-mm3 size. Magnetoelectric power transfer is capable of safely transmitting milliwatt power to devices placed several centimeters away from the transmitter coil, maintaining good efficiency with size constraints and tolerating 60-degree, 1.5-cm misalignment in angular and lateral movement. The SoC robustly operates with 2-V source amplitude variations that spans a 40-mm transmitter-implant distance change, realizes individual addressability through physical unclonable function IDs, and achieves 90% efficiency for 1.5-to-3.5-V stimulation with fully programmable stimulation parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan He
- Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jacob T Robinson
- Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Mirkiani S, Roszko DA, O'Sullivan C, Faridi P, Hu DS, Fang D, Everaert DG, Toossi A, Konrad PE, Robinson K, Mushahwar VK. Overground gait kinematics and muscle activation patterns in the Yucatan mini pig. J Neural Eng 2022; 19. [PMID: 35172283 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac55ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objectives of this study were to assess gait biomechanics and the effect of overground walking speed on gait parameters, kinematics, and electromyographic (EMG) activity in the hindlimb muscles of Yucatan Minipigs (YMPs). Approach Nine neurologically-intact, adult YMPs were trained to walk overground in a straight line. Whole-body kinematics and EMG activity of hindlimb muscles were recorded and analyzed at 6 different speed ranges (0.4-0.59, 0.6-0.79, 0.8-0.99, 1.0-1.19, 1.2-1.39, and 1.4-1.6 m/s). A MATLAB program was developed to detect strides and gait events automatically from motion-captured data. The kinematics and EMG activity were analyzed for each stride based on the detected events. Main results Significant decreases in stride duration, stance and swing times and an increase in stride length were observed with increasing speed. A transition in gait pattern occurred at the 1.0m/s walking speed. Significant increases in the range of motion of the knee and ankle joints were observed at higher speeds. Also, the points of minimum and maximum joint angles occurred earlier in the gait cycle as the walking speed increased. The onset of EMG activity in the biceps femoris muscle occurred significantly earlier in the gait cycle with increasing speed. Significance YMPs are becoming frequently used as large animal models for preclinical testing and translation of novel interventions to humans. A comprehensive characterization of overground walking in neurologically-intact YMPs is provided in this study. These normative measures set the basis against which the effects of future interventions on locomotor capacity in YMPs can be compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroush Mirkiani
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - David A Roszko
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Carly O'Sullivan
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz, Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Pouria Faridi
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - David S Hu
- Department of Medicine and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Daniel Fang
- Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Dirk G Everaert
- Department of Medicine and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Amirali Toossi
- Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
| | - Peter E Konrad
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, UNITED STATES
| | - Kevin Robinson
- School of Physical Therapy, Belmont University, 341 McWhorter Hall, Nashville, Tennessee, 37212, UNITED STATES
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Department of Medicine and Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, CANADA
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