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Suresh V, Dave T, Ghosh S, Jena R, Sanker V. Deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: A scientometric and bibliometric analysis, trends, and research hotspots. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38152. [PMID: 38758903 PMCID: PMC11098246 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD), a prevalent neurodegenerative ailment in the elderly, relies mainly on pharmacotherapy, yet deep brain stimulation (DBS) emerges as a vital remedy for refractory cases. This study performs a bibliometric analysis on DBS in PD, delving into research trends and study impact to offer comprehensive insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers, illuminating the current state and evolutionary trajectory of research in this domain. A systematic search on March 13, 2023, in the Scopus database utilized keywords like "Parkinson disease," "PD," "Parkinsonism," "Deep brain stimulation," and "DBS." The top 1000 highly cited publications on DBS in PD underwent scientometric analysis via VOS Viewer and R Studio's Bibliometrix package, covering publication characteristics, co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, thematic clustering, and trend topics. The bibliometric analysis spanned 1984 to 2021, involving 1000 cited articles from 202 sources. The average number of citations per document were 140.9, with 31,854 references. "Movement Disorders" led in publications (n = 98), followed by "Brain" (n = 78) and "Neurology" (n = 65). The University of Oxford featured prominently. Thematic keyword clustering identified 9 core research areas, such as neuropsychological function and motor circuit electrophysiology. The shift from historical neurosurgical procedures to contemporary focuses like "beta oscillations" and "neuroethics" was evident. The bibliometric analysis emphasizes UK and US dominance, outlining 9 key research areas pivotal for reshaping Parkinson treatment. A discernible shift from invasive neurosurgery to DBS is observed. The call for personalized DBS, integration with NIBS, and exploration of innovative avenues marks the trajectory for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Suresh
- King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Tirth Dave
- Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | | | - Rahul Jena
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Vivek Sanker
- Society of Brain Mapping and Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA
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Lee EJ, Aguirre-Padilla DH, Fomenko A, Pawar G, Kapadia M, George J, Lozano AM, Hamani C, Kalia LV, Kalia SK. Reduction of alpha-synuclein oligomers in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease by electrical stimulation in vitro and deep brain stimulation in vivo. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:166-175. [PMID: 38342364 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been widely used to manage debilitating neurological symptoms in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite its well-established symptomatic benefits, our understanding of the mechanisms underlying DBS and its possible effect on the accumulation of pathological proteins in neurodegeneration remains limited. Accumulation and oligomerization of the protein alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) are implicated in the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in PD, making α-Syn a potential therapeutic target for disease modification. OBJECTIVE We examined the effects of high frequency electrical stimulation on α-Syn levels and oligomerization in cell and rodent models. METHODS High frequency stimulation, mimicking DBS parameters used for PD, was combined with viral-mediated overexpression of α-Syn in cultured rat primary cortical neurons or in substantia nigra of rats. Bimolecular protein complementation with split fluorescent protein reporters was used to detect and quantify α-Syn oligomers. RESULTS High frequency electrical stimulation reduced the expression of PD-associated mutant α-Syn and mitigated α-Syn oligomerization in cultured neurons. Furthermore, DBS in the substantia nigra, but not the subthalamic nucleus, decreased overall levels of α-Syn, including oligomer levels, in the substantia nigra. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrate that direct high frequency stimulation can reduce accumulation and pathological forms of α-Syn in cultured neurons in vitro and in substantia nigra in vivo. Thus, DBS therapy could have a role beyond symptomatic treatment, with potential disease-modifying properties that can be exploited to target pathological proteins in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Lee
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - David Hernán Aguirre-Padilla
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Neuromodulation and Functional Neurosurgery Program, San Borja Arriarán Hospital, Santiago, Chile; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Anton Fomenko
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Grishma Pawar
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Minesh Kapadia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy George
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; CenteR for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; CenteR for Advancing Neurotechnological Innovation to Application (CRANIA), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Chmiel J, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Depression in Parkinson's Disease-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:699. [PMID: 38337395 PMCID: PMC10856764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depression is the most prevalent comorbid neuropsychiatric condition in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), and its underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Current treatment methods are characterised by moderate effectiveness and possible side effects, prompting the search for new non-invasive and safe treatment methods. METHODS This narrative review explores the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depression in PD, based on neuropsychological measures. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Nine relevant studies were identified, where depression scores served as either primary or secondary outcomes. Stimulation protocols displayed heterogeneity, especially concerning choice of stimulation site. Patient samples were also heterogeneous. The majority of the studies incorporated anodal stimulation targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The results revealed a reduction in depression scores among PD patients following tDCS. Potential mechanisms through which tDCS may alleviate depression in PD were discussed and recommendations for future research were made. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence suggests that tDCS applied anodally to the left DLPFC reduces depression scores in people with PD; however, due to the heterogeneity of the studies analysed, the use of tDCS in this field should be approached with caution and warrants further validation and confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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Bocci T, Priori A. Towards chronic non-invasive stimulation: what can you learn from pain research? Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad193. [PMID: 37545545 PMCID: PMC10400111 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This scientific commentary refers to 'Long-term analgesic effect of trans-spinal direct current stimulation compared to non-invasive motor cortex stimulation in complex regional pain syndrome, by Hodaj et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcad191).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bocci
- Correspondence to: Tommaso Bocci, MD, ‘Aldo’ Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, Milan I-20142, Italy E-mail:
| | - Alberto Priori
- Clinical Neurology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo & Carlo and Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan I-20142, Italy
- ‘Aldo Ravelli’ Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan, Milan I-20142, Italy
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Guidetti M, Giannoni-Luza S, Bocci T, Pacheco-Barrios K, Bianchi AM, Parazzini M, Ionta S, Ferrucci R, Maiorana NV, Verde F, Ticozzi N, Silani V, Priori A. Modeling Electric Fields in Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation: A Clinical Perspective. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051283. [PMID: 37238953 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical findings suggest that transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) can modulate ascending sensitive, descending corticospinal, and segmental pathways in the spinal cord (SC). However, several aspects of the stimulation have not been completely understood, and realistic computational models based on MRI are the gold standard to predict the interaction between tsDCS-induced electric fields and anatomy. Here, we review the electric fields distribution in the SC during tsDCS as predicted by MRI-based realistic models, compare such knowledge with clinical findings, and define the role of computational knowledge in optimizing tsDCS protocols. tsDCS-induced electric fields are predicted to be safe and induce both transient and neuroplastic changes. This could support the possibility to explore new clinical applications, such as spinal cord injury. For the most applied protocol (2-3 mA for 20-30 min, active electrode over T10-T12 and the reference on the right shoulder), similar electric field intensities are generated in both ventral and dorsal horns of the SC at the same height. This was confirmed by human studies, in which both motor and sensitive effects were found. Lastly, electric fields are strongly dependent on anatomy and electrodes' placement. Regardless of the montage, inter-individual hotspots of higher values of electric fields were predicted, which could change when the subjects move from a position to another (e.g., from the supine to the lateral position). These characteristics underlines the need for individualized and patient-tailored MRI-based computational models to optimize the stimulation protocol. A detailed modeling approach of the electric field distribution might contribute to optimizing stimulation protocols, tailoring electrodes' configuration, intensities, and duration to the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guidetti
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannoni-Luza
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital/Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Bocci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Kevin Pacheco-Barrios
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Lima 15024, Peru
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Parazzini
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria Dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 10129 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Ionta
- Sensory-Motor Lab (SeMoLa), Department of Ophthalmology-University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital/Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Natale Vincenzo Maiorana
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Verde
- Department of Neurology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Ticozzi
- Department of Neurology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20149 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, 'Dino Ferrari' Center, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Li J, Abokyi S, Chan JNM, Ngai SPC, Lau BWM. In vitro methods in autophagy research: Applications in neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1168948. [PMID: 37122628 PMCID: PMC10130388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a conserved physiological intracellular mechanism responsible for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents (e.g., damaged organelles, and protein aggregates) to maintain cell homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD), and recently aberrant autophagy has been associated with mood disorders, such as depression. Several in vitro methods have been developed to study the complex and tightly regulated mechanisms of autophagy. In vitro methods applied to autophagy research are used to identify molecular key players involved in dysfunctional autophagy and to screen autophagy regulators with therapeutic applications in neurological diseases and mood disorders. Therefore, the aims of this narrative review are (1) to compile information on the cell-based methods used in autophagy research, (2) to discuss their application, and (3) to create a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro methods applied in neurodegenerative diseases and depression. Methods Pubmed and Google Scholar were used to retrieve relevant in vitro studies on autophagy mechanisms in neurological diseases and depression using a combination of search terms per mechanism and disease (e.g., "macroautophagy" and "Alzheimer's disease"). A total of 37 studies were included (14 in PD, 8 in AD, 5 in ALS, 5 in %, and 5 in depression). Results A repertoire of traditional and novel approaches and techniques was compiled and discussed. The methods used in autophagy research focused on the mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The in vitro tools presented in this review can be applied to explore pathophysiological mechanisms at a molecular level and to screen for potential therapeutic agents and their mechanism of action, which can be of great importance to understanding disease biology and potential therapeutic options in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and depression. Conclusion This is the first review to compile, discuss, and provide a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro models applied to neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña, ;
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Pui-Ching Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Neuroprotection and Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: Facts or Fiction? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213775. [PMID: 36430251 PMCID: PMC9692544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive Magnetic Transcranial Stimulation (rTMS), are well-known non-pharmacological approaches to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms in patients with neurodegenerative disorders. Their use is of particular interest especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as well as axial disturbances in Parkinson's (PD), where conventional pharmacological therapies show very mild and short-lasting effects. However, their ability to interfere with disease progression over time is not well understood; recent evidence suggests that NIBS may have a neuroprotective effect, thus slowing disease progression and modulating the aggregation state of pathological proteins. In this narrative review, we gather current knowledge about neuroprotection and NIBS in neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., PD and AD), just mentioning the few results related to stroke. As further matter of debate, we discuss similarities and differences with Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)-induced neuroprotective effects, and highlight possible future directions for ongoing clinical studies.
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Guidetti M, Arlotti M, Bocci T, Bianchi AM, Parazzini M, Ferrucci R, Priori A. Electric Fields Induced in the Brain by Transcranial Electric Stimulation: A Review of In Vivo Recordings. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102333. [PMID: 36289595 PMCID: PMC9598743 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques, such as direct current stimulation (tDCS) and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), cause neurophysiological and behavioral modifications as responses to the electric field are induced in the brain. Estimations of such electric fields are based mainly on computational studies, and in vivo measurements have been used to expand the current knowledge. Here, we review the current tDCS- and tACS-induced electric fields estimations as they are recorded in humans and non-human primates using intracerebral electrodes. Direct currents and alternating currents were applied with heterogeneous protocols, and the recording procedures were characterized by a tentative methodology. However, for the clinical stimulation protocols, an injected current seems to reach the brain, even at deep structures. The stimulation parameters (e.g., intensity, frequency and phase), the electrodes’ positions and personal anatomy determine whether the intensities might be high enough to affect both neuronal and non-neuronal cell activity, also deep brain structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Guidetti
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Tommaso Bocci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Parazzini
- Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell’Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Ferrucci
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Aldo Ravelli Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Via Antonio di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Neuropathology of the Basal Ganglia in SNCA Transgenic Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease: Involvement of Parvalbuminergic Interneurons and Glial-Derived Neurotropic Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710126. [PMID: 36077524 PMCID: PMC9456397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein, encoded by the SNCA gene. The main neuropathological hallmark of PD is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons leading to striatal dopamine depletion. Trophic support by a neurotrophin called glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is also lacking in PD. We performed immunohistochemical studies to investigate neuropathological changes in the basal ganglia of a rat transgenic model of PD overexpressing alfa-synuclein. We observed that neuronal loss also occurs in the dorsolateral part of the striatum in the advanced stages of the disease. Moreover, along with the degeneration of the medium spiny projection neurons, we found a dramatic loss of parvalbumin interneurons. A marked decrease in GDNF, which is produced by parvalbumin interneurons, was observed in the striatum and in the substantia nigra of these animals. This confirmed the involvement of the striatum in the pathophysiology of PD and the importance of GDNF in maintaining the health of the substantia nigra.
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Ciaramelli C, Palmioli A, Angotti I, Colombo L, De Luigi A, Sala G, Salmona M, Airoldi C. NMR-Driven Identification of Cinnamon Bud and Bark Components With Anti-Aβ Activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:896253. [PMID: 35755250 PMCID: PMC9214034 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.896253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-Alzheimer disease (AD) activity reported for an aqueous cinnamon bark extract prompted us to investigate and compare the anti-amyloidogenic properties of cinnamon extracts obtained from both bark and bud, the latter being a very little explored matrix. We prepared the extracts with different procedures (alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, or aqueous extractions). An efficient protocol for the rapid analysis of NMR spectra of cinnamon bud and bark extracts was set up, enabling the automatic identification and quantification of metabolites. Moreover, we exploited preparative reverse-phase (RP) chromatography to prepare fractions enriched in polyphenols, further characterized by UPLC-HR-MS. Then, we combined NMR-based molecular recognition studies, atomic force microscopy, and in vitro biochemical and cellular assays to investigate the anti-amyloidogenic activity of our extracts. Both bud and bark extracts showed a potent anti-amyloidogenic activity. Flavanols, particularly procyanidins, and cinnamaldehydes, are the chemical components of cinnamon hindering Aβ peptide on-pathway aggregation and toxicity in a human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line. Together with the previously reported ability to hinder tau aggregation and filament formation, these data indicate cinnamon polyphenols as natural products possessing multitarget anti-AD activity. Since cinnamon is a spice increasingly present in the human diet, our results support its use to prepare nutraceuticals useful in preventing AD through an active contrast to the biochemical processes that underlie the onset of this disease. Moreover, the structures of cinnamon components responsible for cinnamon anti-AD activities represent molecular templates for designing and synthesizing new anti-amyloidogenic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ciaramelli
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmioli
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Angotti
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Colombo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Ada De Luigi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Gessica Sala
- Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri"- IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Airoldi
- BioOrgNMR Lab, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy.,Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
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Zaehle T. Frontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation as a Potential Treatment of Parkinson's Disease-Related Fatigue. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040467. [PMID: 33917684 PMCID: PMC8068015 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to motor symptoms, non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are often poorly recognized and inadequately treated. Fatigue is one of the most common non-motor symptoms in PD and affects a broad range of everyday activities, causes disability, and substantially reduces the quality of life. It occurs at every stage of PD, and once present, it often persists and worsens over time. PD patients attending the 2013 World Parkinson Congress voted fatigue as the leading symptom in need of further research. However, despite its clinical significance, little progress has been made in understanding the causes of Parkinson’s disease-related fatigue (PDRF) and developing effective treatment options, which argues strongly for a greater effort. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a technique to non-invasively modulate cortical excitability by delivering low electrical currents to the cerebral cortex. In the past, it has been consistently evidenced that tDCS has the ability to induce neuromodulatory changes in the motor, sensory, and cognitive domains. Importantly, recent data present tDCS over the frontal cortex as an effective therapeutic option to treat fatigue in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). The current opinion paper reviews recent data on PDRF and the application of tDCS for the treatment of fatigue in neuropsychiatric disorders to further develop an idea of using frontal anodal tDCS as a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate one of the most common and severe non-motor symptoms of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tino Zaehle
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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