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Yang SY, Lai CY, Zhao HP. Influence of microbial inoculation site on trichloroethylene degradation in electrokinetic-enhanced bioremediation of low-permeability soils. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118899. [PMID: 38604486 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The integration of electrokinetic and bioremediation (EK-BIO) represents an innovative approach for addressing trichloroethylene (TCE) contamination in low-permeability soil. However, there remains a knowledge gap in the impact of the inoculation approach on TCE dechlorination and the microbial response with the presence of co-existing substances. In this study, four 1-dimensional columns were constructed with different inoculation treatments. Monitoring the operation conditions revealed that a stabilization period (∼40 days) was required to reduce voltage fluctuation. The group with inoculation into the soil middle (Group B) exhibited the highest TCE dechlorination efficiency, achieving a TCE removal rate of 84%, which was 1.1-3.2 fold higher compared to the others. Among degraded products in Group B, 39% was ethylene. The physicochemical properties of the post-soil at different regions illustrated that dechlorination coincided with the Fe(III) and SO42- reduction, meaning that the EK-BIO system promoted the formation of a reducing environment. Microbial community analysis demonstrated that Dehalococcoides was only detected in the treatment of injection at soil middle or near the cathode, with abundance enriched by 2.1%-7.2%. The principal components analysis indicated that the inoculation approach significantly affected the evolution of functional bacteria. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis demonstrated that Group B exhibited at least 2.8 and 4.2-fold higher copies of functional genes (tceA, vcrA) than those of other groups. In conclusion, this study contributes to the development of effective strategies for enhancing TCE biodechlorination in the EK-BIO system, which is particularly beneficial for the remediation of low-permeability soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Yang
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yu Lai
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- MOE Key Lab of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Abbasi MR, Sepaskhah AR. Nitrogen leaching and groundwater N contamination risk in saffron/wheat intercropping under different irrigation and soil fertilizers regimes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6587. [PMID: 37085620 PMCID: PMC10121562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-rising trend of nitrate leaching from the agricultural production systems is a major risk to the contamination of ground- and surface-waters and should be addressed. But so far, there has been no study on the reduction of nitrate leaching from saffron fields through intercropping. Saffron growers can make a sustainable use of the saffron inter-row spaces through the strategy of winter-wheat/saffron base intercropping system to reduce nitrate leaching. During four years of study, in a set of lysimeters, effects of two cropping systems (saffron mono-cropping and saffron-wheat intercropping), application of two sources of nitrogen (organic cow manure and chemical granular urea) and four irrigation regimes [40, 60, 80, and 100% of the standard crop evapotranspiration (ETc)] on plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, nitrogen leaching and nitrogen and phosphorus efficiencies were investigated. The optimum irrigation regime was experienced at 60% ETc (with irrigation application efficiency of 60%, equivalent to 100%ETc) where the highest saffron and wheat nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) uptake, nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) harvest indices, nutrient acquisition and use efficiencies, corm, saffron, and grain yields and lowest nitrogen loss was achieved. Moreover, manure application indicated 12, 42, 50 and 46% lower amounts of drained water, leachate nitrate nitrogen concentration, total leached nitrogen and N losses (other than N leaching), respectively, in comparison to the urea source of nitrogen showing the lower risk of groundwater nitrate pollution. Manure application showed 9, 8 and 9% increase in the concentration of corm nitrogen, phosphorus and protein, respectively, in comparison to urea application treatment. Saffron corm and stigma yields, irrigation and economic water productivities, corm nitrogen use efficiency and saffron-plant-nitrogen-acquisition efficiency in manure application surpassed respectively by 21, 25, 20, 17, 39 and 49% compared with the chemical source of nitrogen. Intercropping showed 10, 11, 23 and 64% lower amounts of drained water, nitrate concentration in drainage water, seasonal leached nitrate and N losses (other than N leaching), respectively compared to saffron sole cropping which reduces the risk of groundwaters nitrate contamination. For all the experimental treatments, empirical regression models were derived for estimation of seasonal leached nitrate based on the seasonal drained water. Intercropping saffron with winter wheat, application of organic cow manure and adopting irrigation regime of 60% ETc is an innovative system of saffron production which mitigates the risk of groundwater nitrate contamination and increases irrigation and economic water productivities. Saffron growers can make sustainable and clean use of the inter-row spaces of the saffron crop to grow winter wheat in order to obtain higher economic water productivity and lower groundwater nitrate pollution, and it is highly recommended to maintain a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Sepaskhah
- Water Engineering Department, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
- Drought Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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Marczak D, Lejcuś K, Lejcuś I, Misiewicz J. Sustainable Innovation: Turning Waste into Soil Additives. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2900. [PMID: 37049194 PMCID: PMC10095766 DOI: 10.3390/ma16072900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a dynamic increase in environmental pollution with textile waste has been observed. Natural textile waste has great potential for environmental applications. This work identifies potential ways of sustainably managing natural textile waste, which is problematic waste from sheep farming or the cultivation of fibrous plants. On the basis of textile waste, an innovative technology was developed to support water saving and plant vegetation- biodegradable water-absorbing geocomposites (BioWAGs). The major objective of this study was to determine BioWAG effectiveness under field conditions. The paper analyses the effect of BioWAGs on the increments in fresh and dry matter, the development of the root system, and the relative water content (RWC) of selected grass species. The conducted research confirmed the high efficiency of the developed technology. The BioWAGs increased the fresh mass of grass shoots by 230-420% and the root system by 130-200% compared with the control group. The study proved that BioWAGs are a highly effective technology that supports plant vegetation and saves water. Thanks to the reuse of waste materials, the developed technology is compatible with the assumptions of the circular economy and the goals of sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Marczak
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lejcuś
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Lejcuś
- Institute of Meteorology and Water Management-National Research Institute, 01-673 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jakub Misiewicz
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
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Gao H, Xi Y, Wu X, Pei X, Liang G, Bai J, Song X, Zhang M, Liu X, Han Z, Zhao G, Li S. Partial substitution of manure reduces nitrous oxide emission with maintained yield in a winter wheat crop. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116794. [PMID: 36403458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional fertilization of agricultural soils results in increased N2O emissions. As an alternative, the partial substitution of organic fertilizer may help to regulate N2O emissions. However, studies assessing the effects of partial substitution of organic fertilizer on both N2O emissions and yield stability are currently limited. We conducted a field experiment from 2017 to 2021 with six fertilizer regimes to examine the effects of partial substitution of manure on N2O emissions and yield stability. The tested fertilizer regimes, were CK (no fertilizer), CF (chemical fertilizer alone, N 300 kg ha-1, P2O5 150 kg ha-1, K2O 90 kg ha-1), CF + M (chemical fertilizer + organic manure), CFR (chemical fertilizer reduction, N 225 kg ha-1, P2O5 135 kg ha-1, K2O 75 kg ha-1), CFR + M (chemical fertilizer reduction + organic manure), and organic manure alone (M). Our results indicate that soil N2O emissions are primarily regulated by soil mineral N content in arid and semi-arid regions. Compared with CF, N2O emissions in the CF + M, CFR, CFR + M, and M treatments decreased by 16.8%, 23.9%, 42.0%, and 39.4%, respectively. The highest winter wheat yields were observed in CF, followed by CF + M, CFR, and CFR + M. However, the CFR + M treatment exhibited lower N2O emissions while maintaining high yield, compared with CF. Four consecutive years of yield data from 2017 to 2021 illustrated that a single application of organic fertilizer resulted in poor yield stability and that partial substitution of organic fertilizer resulted in the greatest yield stability. Overall, partial substitution of manure reduced N2O emissions while maintaining yield stability compared with the synthetic fertilizer treatment during the wheat growing season. Therefore, partial substitution of manure can be recommended as an optimal N fertilization regime for alleviating N2O emissions and contributing to food security in arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhou Gao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Yajing Xi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xueping Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xuexia Pei
- Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Linfen, 041000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Guopeng Liang
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
| | - Ju Bai
- Institute of Eco-environment and Industrial Technology, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan, 030031, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Zixuan Han
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Gang Zhao
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
| | - Shengping Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China.
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