1
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Turk F, Yildirim-Tirgil N. Molecularly imprinted electrochemical biosensor for thrombin detection by comparing different monomers. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:331-345. [PMID: 38426317 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Investigating molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) in electrochemical biosensors for thrombin detection, an essential protein biomarker. Comparing different monomers to showcase distinct sensitivity, specificity and stability advantages. Materials & methods: Dopamine, thionine and ethanolamine serve as monomers for MIP synthesis. Electrochemical methods and atomic force microscopy characterize sensor surfaces. Performance is evaluated, emphasizing monomer-specific electrochemical responses. Results: Monomer-specific electrochemical responses highlight dopamine's superior signal change and stability over 30 days. Notably, a low 5 pg/ml limit of detection, a broad linear range (5-200 pg/ml) and enhanced selectivity against interferents are observed. Conclusion: Dopamine-based MIPs show promise for high-performance electrochemical thrombin biosensors, suggesting significant applications in clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Turk
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Nimet Yildirim-Tirgil
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
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2
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Olejnik A, Polaczek K, Szkodo M, Stanisławska A, Ryl J, Siuzdak K. Laser-Induced Graphitization of Polydopamine on Titania Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 37915241 PMCID: PMC10658452 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of laser-induced graphite/graphene, there has been a notable surge of scientific interest in advancing diverse methodologies for their synthesis and applications. This study focuses on the utilization of a pulsed Nd:YAG laser to achieve graphitization of polydopamine (PDA) deposited on the surface of titania nanotubes. The partial graphitization is corroborated through Raman and XPS spectroscopies and supported by water contact angle, nanomechanical, and electrochemical measurements. Reactive molecular dynamics simulations confirm the possibility of graphitization in the nanosecond time scale with the evolution of NH3, H2O, and CO2 gases. A thorough exploration of the lasing parameter space (wavelength, pulse energy, and number of pulses) was conducted with the aim of improving either electrochemical activity or photocurrent generation. Whereas the 532 nm laser pulses interacted mostly with the PDA coating, the 365 nm pulses were absorbed by both PDA and the substrate nanotubes, leading to a higher graphitization degree. The majority of the photocurrent and quantum efficiency enhancement is observed in the visible light between 400 and 550 nm. The proposed composite is applied as a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor of serotonin in nanomolar concentrations. Because of the suppressed recombination and facilitated charge transfer caused by the laser graphitization, the proposed composite exhibits significantly enhanced PEC performance. In the sensing application, it showed superior sensitivity and a limit of detection competitive with nonprecious metal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Olejnik
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
- Centre
for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Polaczek
- Centre
for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
- Department
of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry
University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 St, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Marek Szkodo
- Institute
of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Alicja Stanisławska
- Institute
of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering and Advanced Materials
Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Centre
for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski
Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., Gdańsk 80-231, Poland
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3
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Mordini D, Montalti M. Functionalization of and through Melanin: Strategies and Bio-Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9689. [PMID: 37298641 PMCID: PMC10253489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of nanoparticles for bio-application is the ease of achieving multi-functionality through covalent and non-covalent functionalization. In this way, multiple therapeutic actions, including chemical, photothermal and photodynamic activity, can be combined with different bio-imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance, photoacoustic, and fluorescence imaging, in a theragnostic approach. In this context, melanin-related nanomaterials possess unique features since they are intrinsically biocompatible and, due to their optical and electronic properties, are themselves very efficient photothermal agents, efficient antioxidants, and photoacoustic contrast agents. Moreover, these materials present a unique versatility of functionalization, which makes them ideal for the design of multifunctional platforms for nanomedicine integrating new functions such as drug delivery and controlled release, gene therapy, or contrast ability in magnetic resonance and fluorescence imaging. In this review, the most relevant and recent examples of melanin-based multi-functionalized nanosystems are discussed, highlighting the different methods of functionalization and, in particular, distinguishing pre-functionalization and post-functionalization. In the meantime, the properties of melanin coatings employable for the functionalization of a variety of material substrates are also briefly introduced, especially in order to explain the origin of the versatility of melanin functionalization. In the final part, the most relevant critical issues related to melanin functionalization that may arise during the design of multifunctional melanin-like nanoplatforms for nanomedicine and bio-application are listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (A.M.-P.); (A.M.); (D.M.)
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4
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Zhao W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Chen GQ, Halim R, Deng H. Fe3+ ions induced rapid co-deposition of polydopamine-polyethyleneimine for monovalent selective cation exchange membrane fabrication. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Development and Clinical Validation of RT-LAMP-Based Lateral-Flow Devices and Electrochemical Sensor for Detecting Multigene Targets in SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113105. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Consistently emerging variants and the life-threatening consequences of SARS-CoV-2 have prompted worldwide concern about human health, necessitating rapid and accurate point-of-care diagnostics to limit the spread of COVID-19. Still, However, the availability of such diagnostics for COVID-19 remains a major rate-limiting factor in containing the outbreaks. Apart from the conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, loop-mediated isothermal amplification-based (LAMP) assays have emerged as rapid and efficient systems to detect COVID-19. The present study aims to develop RT-LAMP-based assay system for detecting multiple targets in N, ORF1ab, E, and S genes of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, where the end-products were quantified using spectrophotometry, paper-based lateral-flow devices, and electrochemical sensors. The spectrophotometric method shows a LOD of 10 agµL−1 for N, ORF1ab, E genes and 100 agµL−1 for S gene in SARS-CoV-2. The developed lateral-flow devices showed an LOD of 10 agµL−1 for all four gene targets in SARS-CoV-2. An electrochemical sensor developed for N-gene showed an LOD and E-strip sensitivity of log 1.79 ± 0.427 pgµL−1 and log 0.067 µA/pg µL−1/mm2, respectively. The developed assay systems were validated with the clinical samples from COVID-19 outbreaks in 2020 and 2021. This multigene target approach can effectively detect emerging COVID-19 variants using combination of various analytical techniques at testing facilities and in point-of-care settings.
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6
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Olejnik A, Ficek M, Szkodo M, Stanisławska A, Karczewski J, Ryl J, Dołęga A, Siuzdak K, Bogdanowicz R. Tailoring Diffusional Fields in Zwitterion/Dopamine Copolymer Electropolymerized at Carbon Nanowalls for Sensitive Recognition of Neurotransmitters. ACS NANO 2022; 16:13183-13198. [PMID: 35868019 PMCID: PMC9413423 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of neurotransmitter sensing in the diagnosis and treatment of many psychological illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases is non-negotiable. For electrochemical sensors to become widespread and accurate, a long journey must be undertaken for each device, from understanding the materials at the molecular level to real applications in biological fluids. We report a modification of diamondized boron-doped carbon nanowalls (BCNWs) with an electropolymerized polydopamine/polyzwitterion (PDA|PZ) coating revealing tunable mechanical and electrochemical properties. Zwitterions are codeposited with PDA and noncovalently incorporated into a structure. This approach causes a specific separation of the diffusion fields generated by each nanowall during electrochemical reactions, thus increasing the contribution of the steady-state currents in the amperometric response. This phenomenon has a profound effect on the sensing properties, leading to a 4-fold enhancement of the sensitivity (3.1 to 14.3 μA cm-2 μM-1) and a 5-fold decrease of the limit of detection (505 to 89 nM) in comparison to the pristine BCNWs. Moreover, as a result of the antifouling capabilities of the incorporated zwitterions, this enhancement is preserved in bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a high protein concentration. The presence of zwitterion facilitates the transport of dopamine in the direction of the electrode by intermolecular interactions such as cation-π and hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, polydopamine units attached to the surface form molecular pockets driven by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. As a result, the intermediate state of dopamine-analyte oxidation is stabilized, leading to the enhancement of the sensing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Olejnik
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
- Centre
for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow
Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marek Szkodo
- Institute
of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Stanisławska
- Institute
of Manufacturing and Materials Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
and Ship Technology, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jakub Karczewski
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering and Advanced Materials
Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Institute
of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering and Advanced Materials
Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Dołęga
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Siuzdak
- Centre
for Plasma and Laser Engineering, The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow
Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14 St., 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department
of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications
and Informatics, Gdańsk University
of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12 St., 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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7
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Abstract
An optimized mixture of polydopamine (PDA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is employed as the surface functionalizing agent and reducing agent to encapsulate individual polypropylene (PP) fibers of polypropylene micromembrane (PPMM). The functionalized PPMM becomes hydrophilic to allow the formation of Au nuclei for subsequent electroless Au deposition. The metalized PPMM is further deposited with IrO2 nanoparticles, and evaluated as a flexible and porous pH sensor. Images from scanning electron microscope confirms the uniform formation of IrO2 nanoparticles on Au-coated PP fibers. For pH-sensing performance, the IrO2-decorated metalized PPMM reveals a super-Nernstian response for a sensing slope of -74.45 mV/pH in aqueous solutions with pH value ranging between 2 and 12. In addition, the pH-sensing performance is properly maintained after 5000 bending cycles and hysteresis is modest in an acidic environment. The cell viability test indicates a negligible bio-toxicity. Our strategy of using a conductive polymeric membrane decorated with IrO2 nanoparticles enables possible sensing applications in wearable and implantable electronics.
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8
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Yazdani-Ahmadabadi H, Felix DF, Yu K, Yeh HH, Luo HD, Khoddami S, Takeuchi LE, Alzahrani A, Abbina S, Mei Y, Fazli L, Grecov D, Lange D, Kizhakkedathu JN. Durable Surfaces from Film-Forming Silver Assemblies for Long-Term Zero Bacterial Adhesion without Toxicity. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:546-561. [PMID: 35647287 PMCID: PMC9136974 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The long-term prevention of biofilm formation on the surface of indwelling medical devices remains a challenge. Silver has been reutilized in recent years for combating biofilm formation due to its indisputable bactericidal potency; however, the toxicity, low stability, and short-term activity of the current silver coatings have limited their use. Here, we report the development of silver-based film-forming antibacterial engineered (SAFE) assemblies for the generation of durable lubricous antibiofilm surface long-term activity without silver toxicity that was applicable to diverse materials via a highly scalable dip/spray/solution-skinning process. The SAFE coating was obtained through a large-scale screening, resulting in effective incorporation of silver nanoparticles (∼10 nm) into a stable nonsticky coating with high surface hierarchy and coverage, which guaranteed sustained silver release. The lead coating showed zero bacterial adhesion over a 1 month experiment in the presence of a high load of diverse bacteria, including difficult-to-kill and stone-forming strains. The SAFE coating showed high biocompatibility and excellent antibiofilm activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Yazdani-Ahmadabadi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Demian F. Felix
- The
Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Kai Yu
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Han H. Yeh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Haiming D. Luo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sara Khoddami
- The
Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Lily E. Takeuchi
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Amal Alzahrani
- The
Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Srinivas Abbina
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yan Mei
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver
Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Dana Grecov
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- The
School of Biomedical Engineering, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Dirk Lange
- The
Stone Centre at Vancouver General Hospital, Department of Urologic
Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Centre
for Blood Research, Life Science Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department
of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- The
School of Biomedical Engineering, University
of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
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9
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Ji J, Kim S, Chung Y, Kwon Y. Polydopamine mediator for glucose oxidation reaction and its use for membraneless enzymatic biofuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Olejnik A, Ficek M, Siuzdak K, Bogdanowicz R. Multi-pathway mechanism of polydopamine film formation at vertically aligned diamondised boron-doped carbon nanowalls. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Soler M, Lechuga LM. Biochemistry strategies for label-free optical sensor biofunctionalization: advances towards real applicability. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 414:5071-5085. [PMID: 34735605 PMCID: PMC9242939 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Label-free biosensors, and especially those based on optical transducers like plasmonic or silicon photonic systems, have positioned themselves as potential alternatives for rapid and highly sensitive clinical diagnostics, on-site environmental monitoring, and for quality control in foods or other industrial applications, among others. However, most of the biosensor technology has not yet been transferred and implemented in commercial products. Among the several causes behind that, a major challenge is the lack of standardized protocols for sensor biofunctionalization. In this review, we summarize the most common methodologies for sensor surface chemical modification and bioreceptor immobilization, discussing their advantages and limitations in terms of analytical sensitivity and selectivity, reproducibility, and versatility. Special focus is placed on the suggestions of innovative strategies towards antifouling and biomimetic functional coatings to boost the applicability and reliability of optical biosensors in clinics and biomedicine. Finally, a brief overview of research directions in the area of device integration, automation, and multiplexing will give a glimpse of the future perspectives for label-free optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Soler
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST, and CIBER-BBN, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura M Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications Group (NanoB2A), Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST, and CIBER-BBN, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Mavridi-Printezi A, Menichetti A, Guernelli M, Montalti M. The Photophysics and Photochemistry of Melanin- Like Nanomaterials Depend on Morphology and Structure. Chemistry 2021; 27:16309-16319. [PMID: 34505731 PMCID: PMC9291563 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melanin‐like nanomaterials have found application in a large variety of high economic and social impact fields as medicine, energy conversion and storage, photothermal catalysis and environmental remediation. These materials have been used mostly for their optical and electronic properties, but also for their high biocompatibility and simplicity and versatility of preparation. Beside this, their chemistry is complex and it yields structures with different molecular weight and composition ranging from oligomers, to polymers as well as nanoparticles (NP). The comprehension of the correlation of the different compositions and morphologies to the optical properties of melanin is still incomplete and challenging, even if it is fundamental also from a technological point of view. In this minireview we focus on scientific papers, mostly recent ones, that indeed examine the link between composition and structural feature and photophysical and photochemical properties proposing this approach as a general one for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Menichetti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Moreno Guernelli
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Comprehensive study of the electrochemical growth and physicochemical properties of polycatecholamines and polycatechol. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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