1
|
Varela ELP, Gomes ARQ, Santos ASBD, Cruz JNDA, Carvalho EPDE, Prazeres BAPD, Dolabela MF, Percario S. Lycopene supplementation promoted increased survival and decreased parasitemia in mice with severe malaria: comparison with N-acetylcysteine. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20230347. [PMID: 39046019 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria, causing anemia, respiratory complications, and cerebral malaria. To mitigate oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation whit lycopene (LYC) on the evolution of parasitemia and survival rate in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pb), comparing to the effects promoted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, 175 mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups; Sham: untreated and uninfected animals; Pb: animals infected with Pb; LYC+Pb: animals treated with LYC and infected with Pb; NAC+Pb: animals treated with NAC and infected with Pb. The animals were followed for 12 days after infection, and survival and parasitemia rates were evaluated. There was a 40.1% increase in parasitemia in the animals of the Pb group on the 12th day, and a survival rate of 45%. LYC supplementation slowed the development of parasitemia to 19% and promoted a significative increase in the survival rate of 80% on the 12th day after infection, compared to the Pb group, effects superior to those promoted by NAC, providing strong evidence of the beneficial effect of LYC on in vivo malaria and stressing the importance of antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Everton Luiz P Varela
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Antônio Rafael Q Gomes
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Aline S B Dos Santos
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorddy N DA Cruz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliete P DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Benedito Antônio P Dos Prazeres
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Fani Dolabela
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percario
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Pesquisas em Estresse Oxidativo, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - Rede BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Av. Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hadjilaou A, Brandi J, Riehn M, Friese MA, Jacobs T. Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment targets in cerebral malaria. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:688-709. [PMID: 37857843 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Malaria, the most prevalent mosquito-borne infectious disease worldwide, has accompanied humanity for millennia and remains an important public health issue despite advances in its prevention and treatment. Most infections are asymptomatic, but a small percentage of individuals with a heavy parasite burden develop severe malaria, a group of clinical syndromes attributable to organ dysfunction. Cerebral malaria is an infrequent but life-threatening complication of severe malaria that presents as an acute cerebrovascular encephalopathy characterized by unarousable coma. Despite effective antiparasite drug treatment, 20% of patients with cerebral malaria die from this disease, and many survivors of cerebral malaria have neurocognitive impairment. Thus, an important unmet clinical need is to rapidly identify people with malaria who are at risk of developing cerebral malaria and to develop preventive, adjunctive and neuroprotective treatments for cerebral malaria. This Review describes important advances in the understanding of cerebral malaria over the past two decades and discusses how these mechanistic insights could be translated into new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hadjilaou
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Brandi
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Riehn
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institut für Neuroimmunologie und Multiple Sklerose, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Jacobs
- Protozoen Immunologie, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gomes ARQ, Cruz JN, Castro ALG, Cordovil Brigido HP, Varela ELP, Vale VV, Carneiro LA, Ferreira GG, Percario S, Dolabela MF. Participation of Oxidative Stress in the Activity of Compounds Isolated from Eleutherine plicata Herb. Molecules 2023; 28:5557. [PMID: 37513429 PMCID: PMC10385196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
From Eleutherine plicata, naphthoquinones, isoeleutherine, and eleutherol were isolated, and previous studies have reported the antioxidant activity of these metabolites. The present work evaluated the role of oxidative changes in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei and treated with E. plicata extract, fraction, and isolated compounds, as well as to verify possible oxidative changes induced by these treatments. E. plicata extracts were prepared from powder from the bulbs, which were submitted to maceration with ethanol, yielding the extract (EEEp), which was fractionated under reflux, and the dichloromethane fraction (FDMEp) was submitted for further fractionation, leading to the isolation of isoeleutherine, eleutherine, and eleutherol. The antimalarial activity was examined using the suppressive test, evaluating the following parameters of oxidative stress: trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH). Furthermore, the molecular docking of naphthoquinones, eleutherol, eleutherine, and isoeleutherine interactions with antioxidant defense enzymes was investigated, which was favorable for the formation of the receptor-ligand complex, according to the re-rank score values. Eleutherine and isoeleutherine are the ones with the lowest binding energy for catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx1), showing themselves as possible targets of these molecules in the involvement of redox balance. Data from the present study showed that treatments with E. plicata stimulated an increase in antioxidant capacity and a reduction in oxidative stress in mice infected with P. berghei, with naphthoquinones being responsible for reducing oxidative changes and disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Oxidative Stress Research Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Jorddy Neves Cruz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Gadelha Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brigido
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Oxidative Stress Research Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Valdicley Vieira Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Gleison Gonçalves Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percario
- Oxidative Stress Research Lab, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network, Federal University of Para, Belem 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Potential Benefits of Lycopene Consumption: Rationale for Using It as an Adjuvant Treatment for Malaria Patients and in Several Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245303. [PMID: 36558462 PMCID: PMC9787606 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria is a disease that affects thousands of people around the world every year. Its pathogenesis is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and lower levels of micronutrients and antioxidants. Patients under drug treatment have high levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in the body tissues, which limits the use of these drugs. Therefore, several studies have suggested that RONS inhibition may represent an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in the treatment of these patients by increasing the antioxidant capacity of the host. In this sense, supplementation with antioxidant compounds such as zinc, selenium, and vitamins A, C, and E has been suggested as part of the treatment. Among dietary antioxidants, lycopene is the most powerful antioxidant among the main carotenoids. This review aimed to describe the main mechanisms inducing oxidative stress during malaria, highlighting the production of RONS as a defense mechanism against the infection induced by the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome, the metabolism of the parasite, and the metabolism of antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, the effects of lycopene on several diseases in which oxidative stress is implicated as a cause are outlined, providing information about its mechanism of action, and providing an evidence-based justification for its supplementation in malaria.
Collapse
|
5
|
Omar M, Abdelal HO. Nitric oxide in parasitic infections: a friend or foe? J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:1147-1163. [PMID: 36457767 PMCID: PMC9606182 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex interaction between the host and the parasite remains a puzzling question. Control of parasitic infections requires an efficient immune response that must be balanced against destructive pathological consequences. Nitric oxide is a nitrogenous free radical which has many molecular targets and serves diverse functions. Apart from being a signaling messenger, nitric oxide is critical for controlling numerous infections. There is still controversy surrounding the exact role of nitric oxide in the immune response against different parasitic species. It proved protective against intracellular protozoa, as well as extracellular helminths. At the same time, it plays a pivotal role in stimulating detrimental pathological changes in the infected hosts. Several reports have discussed the anti-parasitic and immunoregulatory functions of nitric oxide, which could directly influence the control of the infection. Nevertheless, there is scarce literature addressing the harmful cytotoxic impacts of this mediator. Thus, this review provides insights into the most updated concepts and controversies regarding the dual nature and opposing sides of nitric oxide during the course of different parasitic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Omar
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Gameyet Almohafza St. 1, Menya Al-Kamh, City of Zagazig, 44511 Sharkia Governorate Egypt
| | - Heba O. Abdelal
- LIS: Cross-National Data Center, Maison des Sciences Humaines - 5e étage, 11- porte des Sciences, L-4366 Esch-Belval, Luxembourg
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gomes ARQ, Cunha N, Varela ELP, Brígido HPC, Vale VV, Dolabela MF, de Carvalho EP, Percário S. Oxidative Stress in Malaria: Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115949. [PMID: 35682626 PMCID: PMC9180384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria is an infectious disease and a serious public health problem in the world, with 3.3 billion people in endemic areas in 100 countries and about 200 million new cases each year, resulting in almost 1 million deaths in 2018. Although studies look for strategies to eradicate malaria, it is necessary to know more about its pathophysiology to understand the underlying mechanisms involved, particularly the redox balance, to guarantee success in combating this disease. In this review, we addressed the involvement of oxidative stress in malaria and the potential benefits of antioxidant supplementation as an adjuvant antimalarial therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rafael Quadros Gomes
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
| | - Natasha Cunha
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
| | - Everton Luiz Pompeu Varela
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Heliton Patrick Cordovil Brígido
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Valdicley Vieira Vale
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
| | - Maria Fâni Dolabela
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutica Innovation, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (A.R.Q.G.); (H.P.C.B.); (V.V.V.); (M.F.D.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliete Pereira de Carvalho
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
| | - Sandro Percário
- Oxidative Stress Research Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil; (N.C.); (E.L.P.V.); (E.P.d.C.)
- Post-graduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology (BIONORTE), Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|