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McGehee K, Saito K, Kwaria D, Minamikawa H, Norikane Y. Releasing a bound molecular spring with light: a visible light-triggered photosalient effect tied to polymorphism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6834-6843. [PMID: 38328882 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04691e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Here we present a study on the solid state properties of trans tetra-ortho-bromo azobenzene (4Br-Azo). Two distinct crystal polymorphs were identified: the α-phase and β-phase. Notably, only the β-phase exhibited an extraordinary photosalient effect (jumping/breaking) upon exposure to a wide range of visible light. Powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed that the β-phase is metastable and can transition to the α-phase when subjected to specific stimuli like heat and light. Furthermore, single crystal X-ray diffraction and density functional theory calculations highlighted the significance of a highly strained conformer in the β-phase, showing that the metastability of the phase potentially arises from relieving this strain. This metastability leads to a light induced phase transition, which appears to be the cause of the photosalient effect in these crystals. Interestingly the polymorphism at the core of 4Br-Azo's dynamic behavior is based on different arrangements of halogen based intermolecular interactions. It is possible that continued study on combining visible light capturing chromophores with halogen interaction-based polymorphism will lead to the discovery of even more visible light controlled dynamic crystal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan McGehee
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Saito
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Dennis Kwaria
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Minamikawa
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Catalytic Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasuo Norikane
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
- Research Institute for Advanced Electronics and Photonics, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan.
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2
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Ghasemlou S, Cuppen HM. Mechanism of Phase Transition in dl-Methionine: Determining Cooperative and Molecule-by-Molecule Transformations. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:3229-3239. [PMID: 38284040 PMCID: PMC10809693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The solid-state phase transition in dl-methionine has been extensively studied because of its atypical behavior. The transition occurs through changes in the molecular conformation and 3D packing of the molecules. Phase transitions in racemic aliphatic amino acid crystals are known to show different behaviors depending on whether conformational changes or packing changes are involved, where the former is thought to proceed through a nucleation-and-growth mechanism in a standard molecule-by-molecule picture, and the latter through a cooperative mechanism. The phase transition of dl-methionine resembles the thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural features of both categories: a conformational change and relative shifts between layers in two directions. The present paper presents molecular dynamics simulations of the phase transition to examine the underlying mechanism from two perspectives: (i) analysis of the scaling behavior of the free energy barriers involved in the phase transition and (ii) a structural inspection of the phase transition. Both methods can help to distinguish between a concerted phase change and a molecule-by-molecule or zip-like mechanism. The free energy predominantly scales with the system size, which suggests a cooperative mechanism. The structural changes draw, however, a slightly more complex picture. The conformational changes appear to occur in a molecule-by-molecule fashion, where the rotational movement is triggered by movement in the same layer. Conformational changes occur on a time scale nearly twice as long as the shifts between layers. Shifts in one direction appear to be less concerted than shifts in the perpendicular direction. We relate this to the edge-free energy involved in these shifts. We believe that the behavior observed in dl-methionine is likely applicable to phase transitions in other layered systems that interact through aliphatic chains as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ghasemlou
- Faculty
of Science, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HC, The Netherlands
| | - Herma M. Cuppen
- Faculty
of Science, Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6500 HC, The Netherlands
- Computational
Chemistry Group, Van’t Hoff Institute
for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GD, The Netherlands
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Ranjan S, Ryu M, Morioka R, Kamegaki S, Ng SH, Smith D, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Juodkazis S, Morikawa J, Takamizawa S. Structural and Thermal Diffusivity Analysis of an Organoferroelastic Crystal Showing Scissor-Like Two-Directional Deformation Induced by Uniaxial Compression. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23027-23036. [PMID: 37824218 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A two-directional ferroelastic deformation in organic crystals is unprecedented owing to its anisotropic crystal packing, in contrast to isotropic symmetrical packing in inorganic compounds and polymers. Thereby, finding and constructing multidirectional ferroelastic deformations in organic compounds is undoubtedly complex and at once calls for deep comprehension. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of a two-directional ferroelastic deformation with a unique scissor-like movement in single crystals of trans-3-hexenedioic acid by the application of uniaxial compression stress. A detailed structural investigation of the mechanical deformation at the macroscopic and microscopic levels by three distinct force measurement techniques (including shear and three-point bending test), single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, and polarized synchrotron-FTIR microspectroscopy highlighted that mechanical twinning promoted the deformation. The presence of two crystallographically equivalent faces and the herringbone arrangement promoted the two-directional ferroelastic deformation. In addition, anisotropic heat transfer properties in the parent and the deformed domains were investigated by thermal diffusivity measurement on all three axes using microscale temperature-wave analysis (μ-TWA). A correlation between the anisotropic structural arrangement and the difference in thermal diffusivity and mechanical behavior in the two-directional organoferroelastic deformation could be established. The structural and molecular level information from this two-directional ferroelastic deformation would lead to a more profound understanding of the structure-property relationship in multidirectional deformation in organic crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Ranjan
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Meguya Ryu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8563, Japan
| | - Ryota Morioka
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Shuji Kamegaki
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Soon Hock Ng
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Daniel Smith
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO-Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO-Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Saulius Juodkazis
- Optical Sciences Centre and ARC Training Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Morikawa
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- International Research Frontiers Initiative (IRFI), Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takamizawa
- Department of Materials System Science, Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
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Takazawa K, Inoue JI, Matsushita Y. Repeatable Actuations of Organic Single Crystal Fibers Driven by Thermosalient-Phase-Transition-Induced Buckling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204500. [PMID: 36084217 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thermosalient crystals are molecular solids that exhibit explosive motions, such as sudden breaks and jumps, due to temperature-induced structural phase transitions between two polymorphs. Therefore, the development of molecular actuators with superior speed and power by deriving mechanical work from explosive motion is a fascinating concept. However, thermosalient transitions often cause crystal disintegration, which hampers repeatable phase transitions between the polymorphs. Here, it is reported that single crystal nano/microfibers of 1, 2, 4, 5-tetrabromobenzene (TBB), whose bulk crystals exhibit thermosalient behavior at ≈40 °C, can repeatedly transform between the low and high temperature polymorphs without disintegration. The structural tolerance against phase transition is attributed to the high flexibility of the nano/microfibers. It is observed that a structure consisting of a TBB fiber with both ends pinned to the substrate repeatedly buckles and straightens when the temperature is varied between 30 and 40 °C. It is demonstrated that buckling can lead to large displacement actuation as compared to a simple length change of the fiber. Moreover, the force generated by the buckling fiber is estimated and it is found that it can generate a force large enough to flick an object ≈104 times heavier than the fiber itself into the air against gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Takazawa
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0003, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Inoue
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Matsushita
- Research Network and Facility Services Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
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Louati M, Barrau S, Tahon JF, Brosseau A, Takao M, Takeshita M, Métivier R, Buntinx G, Aloise S. Is it possible to maintain photomechanical properties of crystalline diarylethenes after thermal amorphization? J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26151-26157. [PMID: 34570413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We report the first organic semiconductor crystal with a unique combination of properties that can be used as a multifunctional optoelectronic device. Mechanically flexible single crystals of 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA) can function as a phototransistor, photoswitch, and an optical waveguide. The material can exist as two structurally different solid phases, with single crystals of one of the phases being elastic at room temperature while those of the other are brittle and become plastic at higher temperature. The output and transfer characteristics of the devices were characterized by measuring the generation and temporal response of the switching of the photogenerated current. The current-voltage characteristics of both phases exhibit linearity and symmetry about the positive and negative voltages. The crystals transmit light in the telecommunications range with significantly low optical loss for an organic crystalline material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durga Prasad Karothu
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE.,Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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Karothu DP, Dushaq G, Ahmed E, Catalano L, Rasras M, Naumov P. Multifunctional Deformable Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ghada Dushaq
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Ejaz Ahmed
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Luca Catalano
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Mahmoud Rasras
- Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
| | - Panče Naumov
- Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi UAE
- Molecular Design Institute Department of Chemistry New York University 100 Washington Square East New York NY 10003 USA
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