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Corso AJ, Padovani M, Santi G, Hübner R, Kentsch U, Bazzan M, Pelizzo MG. Optical Thin Films in Space Environment: Investigation of Proton Irradiation Damage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:38645-38657. [PMID: 38981597 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The present work reports a systematic study of the potential degradation of metals and dielectric thin films in different space environments. The mono- and bilayers selected are made of materials commonly used for the realization of optical components, such as reflective mirrors or building blocks of interferential filters. More than 400 samples were fabricated and irradiated with protons at different energies on ground-based facilities. The fluences were selected as a result of simulations of the doses delivered within a long-term space mission considering different orbits (Sun close, Jovian, and Geostationary orbits). In order to stress the samples at different depths and layer interfaces, experiments were carried out with a range of proton energies within 1 and 10 MeV values. An estimate of a safe maximum fluence has been provided for each type of sample at each energy. The damage mechanism, when present, has been investigated with different optical and structural techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain J Corso
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche─Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (CNR-IFN), Via Trasea, 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Padovani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santi
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS), Università di Padova, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kentsch
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Bazzan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria G Pelizzo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche─Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (CNR-IFN), Via Trasea, 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, Via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali (CISAS), Università di Padova, Via Venezia, 15, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Jadhav PR, Kolhe PT, Ghemud VS, Shelke PN, Patole SP, Dhole SD, Dahiwale SS. Modification of WS 2thin film properties using high dose gamma irradiation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:335701. [PMID: 38722286 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad4901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The tunability of the transition metal dichalcogenide properties has gained attention from numerous researchers due to their wide application in various fields including quantum technology. In the present work, WS2has been deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide substrate and its properties have been studied systematically. These samples were irradiated using gamma radiation for various doses, and the effect on structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties has been reported. The crystallinity of the material is observed to be decreased, and the results are well supported by x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy techniques. The increase in grain boundaries has been supported by the agglomeration observed in the scanning electron microscopy micrographs. The XPS results of WS2after gamma irradiation show evolution of oxygen, carbon, C=O, W-O and SO4-2peaks, confirming the addition of impurities and formation of point defect. The gamma irradiation creates point defects, and their density increases considerably with increasing gamma dosage. These defects crucially altered the structural, optical and electrical properties of the material. The reduction in the optical band gap with increased gamma irradiation is evident from the absorption spectra and respective Tauc plots. TheI-Vgraphs show a 1000-fold increase in the saturation current after 100 kGy gamma irradiation dose. This work has explored the gamma irradiation effect on the WS2and suggests substantial modification in the material and enhancement in electrical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Jadhav
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Department of Physics, PDEA's Baburaoji Gholap College, Pune 411027, India
| | - P T Kolhe
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Department of Physics, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, DJM Commerce and BNS Science College, Sangamner 422605, India
| | - V S Ghemud
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
- Department of Physics, BJS's Arts, Science & Commerce College, Pune 412207, India
| | - P N Shelke
- Department of Physics, PDEA's Baburaoji Gholap College, Pune 411027, India
- Department of Physics, Waghire College, Saswad, 412301, India
| | - S P Patole
- Department of Physics, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - S D Dhole
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - S S Dahiwale
- Department of Physics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
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Skriabin A, Telekh V, Pavlov A, Pasynkova D, Podlosinskaya A, Novikov P, Zhupanov V, Chesnokov D, Senkov V, Turyanskiy A. Surface Degradation of Thin-Layer Al/MgF 2 Mirrors under Exposure to Powerful VUV Radiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2819. [PMID: 37947666 PMCID: PMC10650559 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Thin-layer Al/MgF2 coatings are currently used for extraterrestrial far-UV astronomy as the primary and secondary mirrors of telescopes (such as "Spektr-UF"). Successful Hubble far-UV measurements have been performed thanks to MgF2 on Al mirror coatings. Damage of such thin-layer coatings has been previously studied under exposure to high-energy electrons/protons fluxes and in low Earth orbit environments. Meanwhile, there is an interest to test the stability of such mirrors under the impact of extreme radiation fluxes from pulsed plasma thrusters as a simulation of emergency onboard situations and other applications. In the present studies, the high current and compressed plasma jets were generated by a laboratory plasma thruster prototype and operated as effective emitters of high brightness (with an integral overall wavelength radiation flux of >1 MW/cm2) and broadband radiation. The spectrum rearrangement and hard-photon cut-off at energy above Ec were implemented by selection of a background gas in the discharge chamber. The discharges in air (Ec ≈ 6 eV), argon (Ec ≈ 15 eV) and neon (Ec ≈ 21 eV) were studied. X-ray diffraction and reflectometry, electron and atomic force microscopy, and IR and visible spectroscopy were used for coating characterization and estimation of degradation degree. In the case of the discharges in air with photon energies of E < 6 eV, only individual nanocracks were found and property changes were negligible. In the case of inert gases, the energy fraction was ≈50% in the VUV range. As found for inert background gases, an emission of such hard photons with energies higher than the MgF2 band gap energy of ≈10.8 eV caused a drastic light-induced ablation and degradation of the irradiated coatings. The upward trend of degradation with an increasing of the maximum photon energies was detected. The obtained data on the surface destruction are useful for the design of methods for coating stability tests and an understanding of the consequences of emergencies onboard space research stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Skriabin
- Department of Power Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia; (V.T.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Victor Telekh
- Department of Power Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia; (V.T.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleksei Pavlov
- Department of Power Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia; (V.T.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Daria Pasynkova
- Department of Power Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia; (V.T.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Anastasiya Podlosinskaya
- Department of Power Engineering, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow 105005, Russia; (V.T.); (A.P.); (D.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Pavel Novikov
- Luch Scientific Production Association, Podolsk 142103, Russia; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Valery Zhupanov
- Luch Scientific Production Association, Podolsk 142103, Russia; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Dmitry Chesnokov
- Luch Scientific Production Association, Podolsk 142103, Russia; (P.N.); (V.Z.); (D.C.)
| | - Viacheslav Senkov
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (V.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Alexander Turyanskiy
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; (V.S.); (A.T.)
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Zhao S, Chen H, Li Y, Jin S, Wu Y, Zhou C, Li X, Tang H, Yu W, Xia Z. Characteristics of Solar Wind Radiation Damage in Lunar Soil: PAT and TEM Study. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071135. [PMID: 35407250 PMCID: PMC9000763 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Irradiation structural damage (e.g., radiation tracks, amorphous layers, and vesicles) is widely observed in lunar soil grains. Previous experiments have revealed that irradiation damage is caused by the injection of solar wind and solar flare energetic particles. In this study, cordierite and gabbro were selected as analogs of shallow and deep excavated lunar crust materials for proton irradiation experiments. The fluence was 1.44 ± 0.03 × 1018 H+/cm2, which is equivalent to 102 years of average solar wind proton implantation on the Moon. Before and after irradiation, structural damage in samples is detected by slow positron annihilation technology (PAT), Doppler broadening (DB) measurement, focused ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The DB results showed the structural damage peaks of irradiated gabbro and cordierite were located at 40 and 45 nm. Hydrogen diffused to a deeper region and it reached beyond depths of 150 and 136 nm for gabbro and cordierite, respectively. Hydrogen atoms occupied the original vacancy defects and formed vacancy sites—hydrogen atom complexes, which affected the annihilation of positrons with electrons in the vacancy defects. All of the DB results were validated by TEM. This study proves that the positron annihilation technique has an excellent performance in the detection of defects in the whole structure of the sample. In combination with TEM and other detection methods, this technology could be used for the detection of structural damage in extraterrestrial samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Zhao
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (S.Z.); (H.C.)
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
| | - Hongyi Chen
- College of Earth Sciences, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China; (S.Z.); (H.C.)
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
- Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Shuoxue Jin
- Multi-Disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Yanxue Wu
- Analysis and Test Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Chuanjiao Zhou
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
| | - Xiongyao Li
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
- Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
- Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Center for Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China; (C.Z.); (X.L.); (H.T.); (W.Y.)
- Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhipeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Planetary Geological Evolution at Universities of Guangxi Province, Guilin 541006, China;
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Hidden Metallic Ore Deposits Exploration, Guilin 541006, China
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