X-ray diffraction analysis of matter taking into account the second harmonic in the scattering of powerful ultrashort pulses of an electromagnetic field

Peculiarities of Scattering of Ultrashort Laser Pulses on DNA and RNA Trinucleotides

Currently, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) with high spatial and time resolution (TR-XRD) is based on the known theory of X-ray scattering, where the main parameter of USP-its duration-is not taken into account. In the present work, it is shown that, for scattering of attosecond USPs on DNA and RNA trinucleotides, the pulse length is the most important scattering parameter. The diffraction pattern changes considerably in comparison with the previously known scattering theory. The obtained results are extremely important in TR-XRD when using attosecond pulses to study trinucleotides of DNA and RNA, because with the previously known scattering theory, which does not take into account the duration of USP, one cannot correctly interpret, and therefore "decode", DNA and RNA structures.

Specificity of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses by molecules with polyatomic structure

The theory of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses (USP) is the basis of diffraction analysis of matter using modern USP sources. At present, the peculiarities of interaction of USP with complex structures are not well developed. In general, the research focuses on the features of the interaction of USP with simple systems, these are atoms and simple molecules. Here we present a theory of scattering of ultrashort laser pulses on molecules with a multi-atomic structure, taking into account the specifics of the interaction of USP with such a substance. The simplicity of the obtained expressions allows them to be used in diffraction analysis. As an example, the scattering spectra of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) are presented. It is shown that the theory developed here is more general in the scattering theory and passes into the previously known one if we consider the duration of the USP to be sufficiently long.

Scattering of X-ray Ultrashort Pulses by Complex Polyatomic Structures

The scattering of X-ray ultrashort pulses (USPs) is an important aspect of the diffraction analysis of matter using modern USP sources. The theoretical basis, which considers the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with complex polyatomic structures, is currently not well developed. In general, research is focused on the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with simple systems—these are atoms and simple molecules. In this work, a theory of scattering of X-ray ultrashort pulses by complex polyatomic structures is developed, considering the specifics of the interaction of ultrashort pulses with such a substance. The obtained expressions have a rather simple analytical form, which allows them to be used in diffraction analysis. As an example, it is shown that the obtained expressions can be used to study the structures of deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) acids.