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Mir KB, Chakraborty S, Amin T, Kumar A, Rouf War A, Nalli Y, Kumar R, Dinesh Kumar L, Ali A, Goswami A. Canonical DDR activation by EMT inducing agent 5-Fluorouracil is modulated by a cannabinoid based combinatorial approach via inducing autophagy and suppression of vimentin expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116126. [PMID: 38490521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Anastasis cascade including induction of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), DNA repair, and stimulation of pro-survival mediators collectively exaggerate therapy resistance in cancer prognosis. The extensive implications of DNA-damaging agents are clinically proven futile for the rapid development of disease recurrence during treatment regime. Herein we report a glycosidic derivative of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-9-OG) abrogates sub-toxic doses of 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) induced EMT in colon cancer cells nullifying DNA repairing mechanism. Our in vitro and in vivo data strongly proclaims that THC-9-OG could not only abrogate 5FU mediated background EMT activation through stalling matrix degradation as well as murine 4T1 lung metastasis but also vigorously diminished Rad-51 repairing mediator along with stimulation of γ-H2AX foci formation. The combinatorial treatment (5FU + THC-9-OG) in Apc knockout colorectal carcinoma model conferred remission of the crypt progenitor phenotype which was prominently identified in 5FU treatment. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that 5FU plus THC-9-OG significantly attenuated major EMT inducer Vimentin via extensive ROS generation along with autophagy induction via LC3B I-II conversion and p62 degradation in a p-ATM dependent manner. Additionally, Cannabinoid receptor CB1 was responsible for abrogation of Vimentin since we found increase in the expression of γH2AX and decrease in vimentin expression in CB1 agonist (ACEA) plus 5FU treated cells. Nutshell, our results unveil a new direction of Cannabinoid based combinatorial approach to control background EMT along with robust enhancing of DNA damage potential of sub-toxic concentration of 5FU resulting immense inhibition of distant metastasis coupled with triggering cell death in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bashir Mir
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Souneek Chakraborty
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Childern Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States
| | - Tanzeeba Amin
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India; Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Abdul Rouf War
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra 182320, India
| | - Lekha Dinesh Kumar
- Cancer Biology, CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anindya Goswami
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India; Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
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Podinic T, Limoges L, Monaco C, MacAndrew A, Minhas M, Nederveen J, Raha S. Cannabidiol Disrupts Mitochondrial Respiration and Metabolism and Dysregulates Trophoblast Cell Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:486. [PMID: 38534330 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast differentiation is a crucial process in the formation of the placenta where cytotrophoblasts (CTs) differentiate and fuse to form the syncytiotrophoblast (ST). The bioactive components of cannabis, such as Δ9-THC, are known to disrupt trophoblast differentiation and fusion, as well as mitochondrial dynamics and respiration. However, less is known about the impact of cannabidiol (CBD) on trophoblast differentiation. Due to the central role of mitochondria in stem cell differentiation, we evaluated the impact of CBD on trophoblast mitochondrial function and differentiation. Using BeWo b30 cells, we observed decreased levels of mRNA for markers of syncytialization (GCM1, ERVW1, hCG) following 20 µM CBD treatment during differentiation. In CTs, CBD elevated transcript levels for the mitochondrial and cellular stress markers HSP60 and HSP70, respectively. Furthermore, CBD treatment also increased the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage marker 4-hydroxynonenal. Mitochondrial membrane potential, basal respiration and ATP production were diminished with the 20 µM CBD treatment in both sub-lineages. mRNA levels for endocannabinoid system (ECS) components (FAAH, NAPEPLD, TRPV1, CB1, CB2, PPARγ) were altered differentially by CBD in CTs and STs. Overall, we demonstrate that CBD impairs trophoblast differentiation and fusion, as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Podinic
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Louise Limoges
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Cristina Monaco
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Andie MacAndrew
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mahek Minhas
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joshua Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W., Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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3
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Kobayashi H, Yoshimoto C, Matsubara S, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. An integral role of mitochondrial function in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:330. [PMID: 38393449 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is associated with high maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The development of effective treatment strategies remains a major challenge due to the limited understanding of the pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of PE research, focusing on the molecular basis of mitochondrial function in normal and PE placentas, and discuss perspectives on future research directions. Mitochondria integrate numerous physiological processes such as energy production, cellular redox homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy, a selective autophagic clearance of damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria. Normal placental mitochondria have evolved innovative survival strategies to cope with uncertain environments (e.g., hypoxia and nutrient starvation). Cytotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblast cells, and syncytiotrophoblasts all have distinct mitochondrial morphology and function. Recent advances in molecular studies on the spatial and temporal changes in normal mitochondrial function are providing valuable insight into PE pathogenesis. In PE placentas, hypoxia-mediated mitochondrial fission may induce activation of mitophagy machinery, leading to increased mitochondrial fragmentation and placental tissue damage over time. Repair mechanisms in mitochondrial function restore placental function, but disruption of compensatory mechanisms can induce apoptotic death of trophoblast cells. Additionally, molecular markers associated with repair or compensatory mechanisms that may influence the development and progression of PE are beginning to be identified. However, contradictory results have been obtained regarding some of the molecules that control mitochondrial biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy in PE placentas. In conclusion, understanding how the mitochondrial morphology and function influence cell fate decisions of trophoblast cells is an important issue in normal as well as pathological placentation biology. Research focusing on mitochondrial function will become increasingly important for elucidating the pathogenesis and effective treatment strategies of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, 2-897-5 Shichijyonishi-machi, Nara, 630-8581, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, 5-2-6, Naruo-cho, Nishinomiya, 663-8184, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, 3-3-17 Kitatomigaoka-cho, Nara, 634- 0001, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Ms.Clinic MayOne, 871-1 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-0813, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, 634-8522, Japan
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Walker OS, May LL, Raha S. Real-Time Assessment of Mitochondrial Function in Cytotrophoblast and Syncytialized Trophoblast Cells Using the Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2728:137-147. [PMID: 38019398 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3495-0_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Physiological processes utilize variable amounts of energy required for optimal growth, development, and survival. This energy is supplied by total intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and is mainly generated by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and to a lesser extent via glycolysis. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for obtaining measurements of energy metabolism using the Seahorse XFe24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Specifically, this assay measures mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation based on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and glycolysis by analyzing the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) via real-time live cell analysis. Using trophoblast cell lines, this protocol focuses on analyzing mitochondrial respiration for both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'Llenecia S Walker
- Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Linda L May
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sandeep Raha
- Graduate Programme in Medical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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5
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Flores-Montero K, Frontini-Lopez YR, Fontecilla-Escobar J, Ruete MC. Sperm proteostasis: Can-nabinoids be chaperone's partners? Life Sci 2023; 333:122167. [PMID: 37827231 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The male gamete is a highly differentiated cell that aims to fuse with the oocyte in fertilization. Sperm have silenced the transcription and translational processes, maintaining proteostasis to guarantee male reproductive health. Despite the information about the implication of molecular chaperones as orchestrators of protein folding or aggregation, and the handling of body homeostasis by the endocannabinoid system, there is still a lack of basic investigation and random controlled clinical trials that deliver more evidence on the involvement of cannabinoids in reproductive function. Besides, we noticed that the information regarding whether recreational marijuana affects male fertility is controversial and requires further investigation. In other cell models, it has recently been evidenced that chaperones and cannabinoids are intimately intertwined. Through a literature review, we aim to explore the interaction between chaperones and cannabinoid signaling in sperm development and function. To untangle how or whether this dialogue happens within the sperm proteostasis. We discuss the action of chaperones, the endocannabinoid system and phytocannabinoids in sperm proteostasis. Reports of some heat shock and lipid proteins interacting with cannabinoid receptors prove that chaperones and the endocannabinoid system are in an intimate dialogue. Meanwhile, advancing the evidence to decipher these mechanisms for introducing innovative interventions into routine clinical settings becomes crucial. We highlight the potential interaction between chaperones and cannabinoid signaling in regulating proteostasis in male reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Flores-Montero
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina
| | - Yesica Romina Frontini-Lopez
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina
| | - Javiera Fontecilla-Escobar
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Ruete
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza M5500, Argentina.
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6
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Alves P, Amaral C, Teixeira N, Correia-da-Silva G. Effects of a combination of cannabidiol and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on key biological functions of HTR-8/SVneo extravillous trophoblast cells. Toxicology 2023; 495:153614. [PMID: 37567336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, cannabis use has increased among pregnant women. In addition, the phytocannabinoids cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) alone or in combination are being used for therapeutical applications. THC and CBD are able to cross the placenta and a lot remains unknown concerning their impact on angiogenesis and extravillous trophoblasts' (EVTs) migration and invasion, which are essential processes for placentation. Thus, in this study, the HTR-8/SVneo cell line was employed to evaluate the effects of CBD, THC and of their combination (1:1, 2 µM). Cannabinoids affected epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as showed by increased expression of the epithelial protein marker E-cadherin for CBD and CBD plus THC treatments, and decrease of mesenchymal intermediate filament vimentin for all treatments. The gene expression of the metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, and of their inhibitors TIMP1 and TIMP2 was increased, except the latter for THC treatment. Moreover, CBD reduced cell migration and invasion, an effect that was enhanced by its combination with THC. CBD with or without THC also upregulated the gene expression of PGF, while the anti-angiogenic factor sFLT1 was increased for all treatments. VEGFA and FLT1 were not affected. Alone or combined CBD and THC also decreased tube segments' length. Additionally, ERK1/2 and STAT3 phosphorylation was increased in the CBD and CBD plus THC-treated cells, while THC only activated STAT3. AKT activation was only affected by CBD. This work demonstrates that the exposure to cannabinoid-based products containing CBD and/or THC, may interfere with key processes of EVTs differentiation. Therefore, crucial phases of placental development can be affected, compromising pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Alves
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Amaral
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Natércia Teixeira
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Georgina Correia-da-Silva
- UCIBIO.REQUIMTE, Department of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Dufour J, Sabry R, Khokhar JY, Favetta LA. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) effects on the cortisol stress response in bovine granulosa cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105549. [PMID: 36596389 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal stress can result in changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and lead to stress-related behaviours in offspring. Under physiological conditions, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) appears to be detrimental for fertility. However, cannabis is also commonly used for stress-relief. THC acts on the endocannabinoid receptors in granulosa cells (GCs), which affect oocyte competency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of THC on in vitro bovine granulosa cell viability, apoptosis, and stress response pathway. GCs were cultured in vitro in the presence of clinically relevant therapeutic and recreational plasma doses of THC. Cortisol doses reflecting normal and elevated plasma levels were used to evaluate the effects of THC under induced stress in vitro. No effect of THC was observed on cell viability or apoptosis. High and low cortisol concentrations caused significant increases in 11β-HSD1 mRNA expression (n = 6, p < 0.0001). Interestingly, when combined with high [THC], there was a significant decrease in 11β-HSD1 expression compared to high and low cortisol treatments alone (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). GR expression was unaffected by cortisol treatments, and low [THC] treatment maintained increased expression in the presence of high and low cortisol treatments (n = 6, p < 0.01, p < 0.0001). Our findings represent a foundation to obtain useful data for evaluating THC potential therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaustin Dufour
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Reem Sabry
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jibran Y Khokhar
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Laura A Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Rokeby ACE, Natale BV, Natale DRC. Cannabinoids and the placenta: Receptors, signaling and outcomes. Placenta 2023; 135:51-61. [PMID: 36965349 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy is increasing. The improvement of pregnancy-related symptoms including morning sickness and management of mood and stress are among the most reported reasons for its use. Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most abundant cannabinoids found within the cannabis flower. The concentration of these components has drastically increased in the past 20 years. Additionally, many edibles contain only one cannabinoid and are marketed to achieve a specific goal, meaning there are an increasing number of pregnancies that are exposed to isolated cannabinoids. Both Δ9-THC and CBD cross the placenta and can impact the fetus directly, but the receptors through which cannabinoids act are also expressed throughout the placenta, suggesting that the effects of in-utero cannabinoid exposure may include indirect effects from the placenta. In-utero cannabis research focuses on short and long-term fetal health and development; however, these studies include little to no placenta analysis. Prenatal cannabinoid exposure is linked to small for gestational age and fetal growth-restricted babies. Compromised placental development is also associated with fetal growth restriction and the few studies (clinical and animal models) that included placental analysis, identify changes in placental vasculature and function in these cannabinoid-exposed pregnancies. In vitro studies further support cannabinoid impact on cell function in the different populations that comprise the placenta. In this article, we aim to summarize how phytocannabinoids can impact placental development and function. Specifically, the cannabinoids and their actions at the different receptors are described, with receptor localization throughout the human and murine placenta discussed. Findings from studies that included placental analysis and how cannabinoid signaling may modulate critical developmental processing including cell proliferation, angiogenesis and migration are described. Considering the current research, prenatal cannabinoid exposure may significantly impact placental development, and, as such, identifying windows of placental vulnerability for each cannabinoid will be critical to elucidate the etiology of fetal outcome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey C E Rokeby
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryony V Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David R C Natale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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9
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Emerging Roles of Endocannabinoids as Key Lipid Mediators for a Successful Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065220. [PMID: 36982295 PMCID: PMC10048990 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, Cannabis use/misuse for treating pregnancy-related symptoms and other chronic conditions has increased among pregnant women, favored by decriminalization and/or legalization of its recreational uses in addition to its easy accessibility. However, there is evidence that prenatal Cannabis exposure might have adverse consequences on pregnancy progression and a deleterious impact on proper neurodevelopmental trajectories in the offspring. Maternal Cannabis use could interfere with the complex and finely controlled role performed by the endocannabinoid system in reproductive physiology, impairing multiple gestational processes from blastocyst implantation to parturition, with long-lasting intergenerational effects. In this review, we discuss current clinical and preclinical evidence regarding the role of endocannabinoids in development, function, and immunity of the maternal–fetal interface, focusing on the impact of Cannabis constituents on each of these gestational processes. We also discuss the intrinsic limitations of the available studies and the future perspectives in this challenging research field.
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10
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Malheiro RF, Carmo H, Carvalho F, Silva JP. Cannabinoid-mediated targeting of mitochondria on the modulation of mitochondrial function and dynamics. Pharmacol Res 2023; 187:106603. [PMID: 36516885 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a critical role in the regulation of several biological processes (e.g., programmed cell death, inflammation, neurotransmission, cell differentiation). In recent years, accumulating findings have evidenced that cannabinoids, a group of endogenous and exogenous (synthetic and plant-derived) psychoactive compounds that bind to cannabinoid receptors, may modulate mitochondrial function and dynamics. As such, mitochondria have gained increasing interest as central mediators in cannabinoids' pharmacological and toxicological signatures. Here, we review the mechanisms underlying the cannabinoids' modulation of mitochondrial activity and dynamics, as well as the potential implications of such mitochondrial processes' disruption on cell homeostasis and disease. Interestingly, cannabinoids may target different mitochondrial processes (e.g., regulation of intracellular calcium levels, bioenergetic metabolism, apoptosis, and mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, transport, mitophagy, and biogenesis), by modulating multiple and complex signaling pathways. Of note, the outcome may depend on the experimental models used, as well as the chemical structure, concentration, and exposure settings to the cannabinoid, originating equivocal data. Notably, this interaction seems to represent not only an important feature of cannabinoids' toxicological signatures, with potential implications for the onset of distinct pathological conditions (e.g., cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromes), but also an opportunity to develop novel therapeutic strategies for such pathologies, which is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Filipe Malheiro
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Helena Carmo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - João Pedro Silva
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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11
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Ozmen A, Guzeloglu-Kayisli O, Tabak S, Guo X, Semerci N, Nwabuobi C, Larsen K, Wells A, Uyar A, Arlier S, Wickramage I, Alhasan H, Totary-Jain H, Schatz F, Odibo AO, Lockwood CJ, Kayisli UA. Preeclampsia is Associated With Reduced ISG15 Levels Impairing Extravillous Trophoblast Invasion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898088. [PMID: 35837332 PMCID: PMC9274133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Among several interleukin (IL)-6 family members, only IL-6 and IL-11 require a gp130 protein homodimer for intracellular signaling due to lack of intracellular signaling domain in the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and IL-11R. We previously reported enhanced decidual IL-6 and IL-11 levels at the maternal-fetal interface with significantly higher peri-membranous IL-6 immunostaining in adjacent interstitial trophoblasts in preeclampsia (PE) vs. gestational age (GA)-matched controls. This led us to hypothesize that competitive binding of these cytokines to the gp130 impairs extravillous trophoblast (EVT) differentiation, proliferation and/or invasion. Using global microarray analysis, the current study identified inhibition of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) as the only gene affected by both IL-6 plus IL-11 vs. control or IL-6 or IL-11 treatment of primary human cytotrophoblast cultures. ISG15 immunostaining was specific to EVTs among other trophoblast types in the first and third trimester placental specimens, and significantly lower ISG15 levels were observed in EVT from PE vs. GA-matched control placentae (p = 0.006). Induction of primary trophoblastic stem cell cultures toward EVT linage increased ISG15 mRNA levels by 7.8-fold (p = 0.004). ISG15 silencing in HTR8/SVneo cultures, a first trimester EVT cell line, inhibited invasion, proliferation, expression of ITGB1 (a cell migration receptor) and filamentous actin while increasing expression of ITGB4 (a receptor for hemi-desmosomal adhesion). Moreover, ISG15 silencing further enhanced levels of IL-1β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (CXCL8, IL-6 and CCL2) in HTR8/SVneo cells. Collectively, these results indicate that ISG15 acts as a critical regulator of EVT morphology and function and that diminished ISG15 expression is associated with PE, potentially mediating reduced interstitial trophoblast invasion and enhancing local inflammation at the maternal-fetal interface. Thus, agents inducing ISG15 expression may provide a novel therapeutic approach in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asli Ozmen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Selcuk Tabak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Nihan Semerci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Chinedu Nwabuobi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Kellie Larsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ali Wells
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Asli Uyar
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Sefa Arlier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ishani Wickramage
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hasan Alhasan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hana Totary-Jain
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Frederick Schatz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Anthony O. Odibo
- Divisions of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Ultrasound, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Charles J. Lockwood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Umit A. Kayisli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Umit A. Kayisli,
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12
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Comparative Study of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol on Melanogenesis in Human Epidermal Melanocytes from Different Pigmentation Phototypes: A Pilot Study. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:131-144. [PMID: 35736025 PMCID: PMC9224588 DOI: 10.3390/jox12020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is one of the primary ingredients of cannabis plants and is responsible for the psychoactive properties of cannabis. While cannabidiol (CBD), the non-psychoactive compound from cannabis, has been shown to stimulate human epidermal melanogenesis, the effects of THC have not been addressed in human epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, to date, no study has tested the effects of these compounds on melanocytes differing in pigmentation, representative of different skin phototypes, which would be significant as different ethnicities are known to differentially metabolize these xenobiotics. Herein, the effects of THC were studied and compared alongside CBD in human epidermal melanocytes derived from lightly-pigmented (HEMn-LP; Caucasian) and darkly-pigmented (HEMn-DP; African-American) cells over a chronic exposure of 6 d. Results demonstrated that both compounds displayed cytotoxicity at 4 µM but stimulated melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a similar manner in LP and DP cells at nontoxic concentrations of 1–2 µM. However, THC and CBD showed a differential effect on dendricity in both cells; THC and CBD reversibly increased dendricity in LP cells while there was no significant change in DP cells. THC and CBD induced higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LP cells while there was no change in the ROS levels in DP cells. In summary, although THC was relatively less cytotoxic as compared to CBD to both LP and DP cells, it exhibited a similar capacity as CBD to stimulate melanin synthesis and export in LP cells which was accompanied by a significant oxidative stress. DP cells were relatively resistant to the effects of both THC and CBD which might implicate the protective effects conferred by melanin in dark-skinned individuals.
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13
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Qin XY, Shen HH, Zhou WJ, Mei J, Lu H, Tan XF, Zhu R, Zhou WH, Li DJ, Zhang T, Ye JF, Li MQ. Insight of Autophagy in Spontaneous Miscarriage. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:1150-1170. [PMID: 35173545 PMCID: PMC8771834 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In some cases of spontaneous miscarriage (SM), the exact etiology cannot be determined. Autophagy, which is responsible for cellular survival under stress conditions, has also been implicated in many diseases. Recently, it is also surmised to be correlated with SM. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive. In fact, there are several essential steps during pregnancy establishment and maintenance: trophoblasts invasion, placentation, decidualization, enrichment and infiltration of decidua immune cells (e.g., natural killer, macrophage and T cells). Accordingly, upstream molecules and downstream effects of autophagy are discussed in these processes, respectively. Of note, autophagy regulates the crosstalk between these cells at the maternal-fetal interface as well. Aberrant autophagy is found in villi, decidual stromal cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SM patients, although the findings are inconsistent among different studies. Furthermore, potential treatments targeting autophagy are included, during which rapamycin and vitamin D are hot-spots in recent literatures. To conclude, a moderately activated autophagy is deeply involved in pregnancy, suggesting that autophagy should be a regulator and promising target for treating SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yun Qin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hui Shen
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhou
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Mei
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medicine School, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lu
- Departments of Assisted Reproduction, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fang Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Center for Human Reproduction and Genetics, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Zhou
- Medicine Centre for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Jin Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Assisted Reproductive Technology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Feng Ye
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 229899, Singapore
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China
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Pryimak N, Zaiachuk M, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. The Potential Use of Cannabis in Tissue Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715380. [PMID: 34708034 PMCID: PMC8542845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a condition characterized by thickening or/and scarring of various tissues. Fibrosis may develop in almost all tissues and organs, and it may be one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. It provokes excessive scarring that excels the usual wound healing response to trauma in numerous organs. Currently, very little can be done to prevent tissue fibrosis, and it is almost impossible to reverse it. Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs are among the few treatments that may be efficient in preventing fibrosis. Numerous publications suggest that cannabinoids and extracts of Cannabis sativa have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic properties. In this review, we describe the types and mechanisms of fibrosis in various tissues and discuss various strategies for prevention and dealing with tissue fibrosis. We further introduce cannabinoids and their potential for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis, and therefore for extending healthy lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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15
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The Impact of Early Life Exposure to Cannabis: The Role of the Endocannabinoid System. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168576. [PMID: 34445282 PMCID: PMC8395329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use during pregnancy has continued to rise, particularly in developed countries, as a result of the trend towards legalization and lack of consistent, evidence-based knowledge on the matter. While there is conflicting data regarding whether cannabis use during pregnancy leads to adverse outcomes such as stillbirth, preterm birth, low birthweight, or increased admission to neonatal intensive care units, investigations into long-term effects on the offspring’s health are limited. Historically, studies have focused on the neurobehavioral effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on the offspring. The effects of cannabis on other physiological aspects of the developing fetus have received less attention. Importantly, our knowledge about cannabinoid signaling in the placenta is also limited. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is present at early stages of development and represents a potential target for exogenous cannabinoids in utero. The ECS is expressed in a broad range of tissues and influences a spectrum of cellular functions. The aim of this review is to explore the current evidence surrounding the effects of prenatal exposure to cannabinoids and the role of the ECS in the placenta and the developing fetus.
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16
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Silva-Teixeira R, Laranjo M, Lopes B, Almeida-Ferreira C, Gonçalves AC, Rodrigues T, Matafome P, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Caramelo F, Botelho MF. Plasma activated media and direct exposition can selectively ablate retinoblastoma cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 171:302-313. [PMID: 34022401 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new therapy based on atmospheric plasma, the fourth state of matter, has raised the medical community's attention by circumventing many undesirable effects of old anticancer treatments. This work aimed to evaluate the effect, selectivity, and mechanisms of action of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in human retinoblastoma cells. An electronic device was designed to generate CAP in the open air, 2 mm above seeded cell cultures. Three approaches were performed: direct use of CAP, plasma-activated media (PAM), and conditioned media (CM). Timely-resolved output voltage measurement, emission spectroscopy, and quantification of reactive species (RS) of PAM were performed. To evaluate cytotoxicity and selectivity, similarly treated Y79, fibroblasts HFF1, and retinal RPE-D407 cells were assessed. After 60 s of direct CAP treatment, the metabolic activity of retinoblastoma cells decreased more than 50%, mainly due to apoptosis, while HFF1 and RPE-D407 remained viable. Similar results were obtained with indirect treatment (PAM and CM). Cell survival was reduced, and cells accumulated in S and G2/M phases; however, no DNA strand breaks were detected. Regarding RS, plasma increased extracellular and intracellular concentrations of peroxides and nitric oxide, despite glutathione activation and lack of success in reverting cytotoxicity with some RS inhibitors. RS increase comes in two timely distant waves, the first one originating from the plasma itself with secondary solubilization and passive diffusion, the second wave deriving from the mitochondrion. The addition of low doses of carboplatin to CAP-treated cells resulted in a significant increase in cytotoxicity compared with either regimen alone. Additionally, maximal antiangiogenic effects were obtained with 60 s of plasma exposure. Direct and indirect treatment with CAP might be a selective therapy with the potential to target tumour cells and supporting the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Silva-Teixeira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia / Espinho, EPE, Rua Conceição Fernandes, 4434-502, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Beatriz Lopes
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Catarina Almeida-Ferreira
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Matafome
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Francisco Caramelo
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biophysics, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical and Academic Centre of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Kuzma-Hunt AG, Truong VB, Favetta LA. Glucocorticoids, Stress and Delta-9 Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) during Early Embryonic Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7289. [PMID: 34298908 PMCID: PMC8307766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated molecular stress in women is known to have negative impacts on the reproductive development of oocytes and the embryos prior to implantation. In recent years, the prevalence of cannabis use among women of reproductive age has risen due to its ability to relieve psychological stress and nausea, which are mediated by its psychoactive component, ∆-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Although cannabis is the most popular recreational drug of the 21st century, much is unknown about its influence on molecular stress in reproductive tissues. The current literature has demonstrated that THC causes dose- and time-dependent alterations in glucocorticoid signaling, which have the potential to compromise morphology, development, and quality of oocytes and embryos. However, there are inconsistencies across studies regarding the mechanisms for THC-dependent changes in stress hormones and how either compounds may drive or arrest development. Factors such as variability between animal models, physiologically relevant doses, and undiscovered downstream gene targets of both glucocorticoids and THC could account for such inconsistencies. This review evaluates the results of studies which have investigated the effects of glucocorticoids on reproductive development and how THC may alter stress signaling in relevant tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura A. Favetta
- Reproductive Health and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (A.G.K.-H.); (V.B.T.)
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