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Silva RDM, Araújo LHV, Cardoso TDS, Franco SLI, Gurgel HJ, Cerqueira PHL, Carvalho LS, Novais LGES, Gonçalves JLDS, de Sousa LA, Albuquerque RDS, Dutra MD, Ferreira TTA, da Silveira JA, Silva MAM, Monteiro FDDO, Teixeira PPM. A Single-Port, Multiple-Access, Custom-Made Device Used in Laparoscopically Assisted Cryptorchidectomy in Standing Horses-A Preliminary Study. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1091. [PMID: 38612330 PMCID: PMC11011124 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates a new multiport device with single access to the abdominal cavity produced with routine hospital supplies that could be applied to laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy in standing horses. Initially, the new device was evaluated on five cadavers of bovine fetuses (n = 5), placed assisted in a minilaparotomy performed in the flank region. Subsequently, the device was evaluated in four cryptorchid horses treated during the hospital routine. During the evaluation of the new device, the possibilities of exploring the abdominal cavity, inspection, and intra-abdominal manipulation with two Babcock forceps were verified. The possibilities were described, and surgical time data were recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. In the cadavers, a wide exploration of the abdominal cavity was possible, with a laparoscopic inspection through the right paralumbar fossa and manipulation of intra-abdominal structures with Babcock forceps inserted by the new device. In cryptorchid horses, laparoscopically assisted cryptorchidectomy with a new device was feasible in two patients, and in the others, it allowed the diagnosis of adhesions and ectopic locations in the inguinal region of testicles retained in the cavity. Therefore, the new device was efficient in exploring the inguinal region of cryptorchid horses in the standing position. The present study is preliminary and can support future studies that aim to improve the developed prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela das Mercês Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Luiz Henrique Vilela Araújo
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Thiago da Silva Cardoso
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Stephany Lorrane Ishida Franco
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Heytor Jales Gurgel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Lira Cerqueira
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Lucas Santos Carvalho
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Luis Gustavo e Silva Novais
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - José Leandro da Silva Gonçalves
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Loise Araújo de Sousa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Rodrigo dos Santos Albuquerque
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Marcos Duarte Dutra
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - Tatiane Teles Albernaz Ferreira
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | - José Alcides da Silveira
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
| | | | | | - Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Pará Federal University, Belém 68740-970, Brazil; (R.d.M.S.); (L.H.V.A.); (T.d.S.C.); (S.L.I.F.); (H.J.G.); (P.H.L.C.); (L.S.C.); (L.G.e.S.N.); (J.L.d.S.G.); (L.A.d.S.); (R.d.S.A.); (M.D.D.); (T.T.A.F.); (J.A.d.S.); (P.P.M.T.)
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Franz S, Hofer L, Dadak AM. The role of endoscopy in bovine internal medicine - A review of current indication fields. Vet J 2024; 304:106093. [PMID: 38432456 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Endoscopy in bovine internal medicine has come a long way from the first profound research papers in the 1980s to its present-day use. This paper reviews the progress in the 2000s and identifies the main application fields for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Inclusion criteria for scientific papers and reports encompassed focus on endoscopic examination techniques in cattle in the field of internal medicine and publication in a peer reviewed journal (case report/review/original research paper/short communication). Only papers written in English or German language were considered. Studies on laparoscopy, theloscopy, and bronchoscopy show that endoscopic approaches often enable more rapid and accurate diagnosis and treatment options for single diseased animals as well as on a herd level. Oesophagoscopy, rumenoscopy, cystoscopy and thoracoscopy have also been increasingly studied and proven to be safe and effective tools with some limitations in diagnosing and/or treating various diseases in cattle. Scientific approaches explored the epidural space in cattle and comparison of different endoscope systems lead to recommendations for sinuscopy. Yet, this narrative literature review clearly shows that unlike in human medicine, where endoscopy as a minimally invasive technique is used for countless routine procedures every day, there is still some catching up to do in bovine medicine even though the potential of endoscopy in this field has been documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franz
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria.
| | - L Hofer
- University Clinic for Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - A M Dadak
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Silva CRG, Cardoso TDS, da Silva KB, Gurgel HJ, Barroso JPM, Araújo LHV, Altamirano LES, de Sousa LA, Alcântara LPA, Ferreira MEM, Carvalho LS, Gonçalves JLDS, Rodrigues JHG, Monteiro FDDO, Viana RB, Teixeira PPM. Laparoscopy-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in the umbilical region in a cadaveric model of bovine fetus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285988. [PMID: 37256883 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal wall defects in calves are commonly diagnosed and treated via laparotomy. This technique has witnessed several advancements in the management of these disorders. This study aimed to create a study model and evaluate the feasibility of video-assisted percutaneous correction of abdominal wall defects in bovine fetuses (corpses) compared with the conventional technique. Sixteen bovine fetuses from pregnant cows slaughtered in slaughterhouses were included in this study. The fetuses were categorized into the control group (CG, n = 8), which was subjected to umbilical abdominorrhaphy via laparotomy, and the video-surgical group (VG, n = 8), which received video-assisted percutaneous sutures with two lateral accesses on the right flank. An abdominal wall defect was created in the VG group to generate a study model, which was corrected using the laparoscopic technique. The procedures were performed in two steps. The first step consisted of creating an abdominal wall defect in the umbilical region by laparoscopic approach in an iatrogenic manner (Step 1: E1). The second stage consisted of conventional abdominorrhaphy of the umbilical region wall defect in the CG group and video-assisted percutaneous suturing of the edges of the iatrogenic abdominal wall defect in the VG group, until reversal of the laparoscopic accesses (Step 2: E2). Step 1 showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. However, a significant statistical difference (p < 0.0001) was observed between the two groups in step 2. The surgical time of step 2 was longer in the CG group (33.10 ± 0.43 minutes) than that in the VG group (10.13 ± 0.68 minutes, p < 0.0001), and the total surgical time was also longer in the CG group (38.48 ± 0.35 minutes) than that in the VG group (15.86 ± 0.67 minutes). The proposed laparoscopic technique allowed the creation of a study model for video-assisted percutaneous suturing with two portals and reduced the surgical time compared with the conventional technique. However, this method needs to be studied further in live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago da Silva Cardoso
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Késia Bandeira da Silva
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Heytor Jales Gurgel
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Loise Araújo de Sousa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Santos Carvalho
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Rinaldo Batista Viana
- Institute of Animal Health and Production, Federal Rural University of Amazonia (ISPA/UFRA), Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Gurgel HJ, de Oliveira Monteiro FD, Barroso JPM, de Sousa LA, Dos Santos GMA, da Cunha Rossy K, da Silva VS, do Espirito Santo Fernandes C, Silva CRG, Dos Santos Albuquerque R, Borges LPB, Araújo LHV, Dos Santos DL, da Câmara Barros FFP, Teixeira PPM. Laparoscopy assisted abomasal cannulation in cadavers of bovine fetuses. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:378. [PMID: 36284310 PMCID: PMC9598014 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the complexity of ruminant digestion, cannulation of organs of the digestive tract has been carried out in order to advance the understanding of digestive physiology, nutrient degradability, gastrointestinal diseases and biotechnological research. The abomasal cannulation is interesting for nutritional studies, especially in suckling calves, to obtain fluid and abomasal content, evaluation of abomasal flow and function, and infusion of nutrients and drugs when it is intended to reach high concentrations in the organ. Conventionally, access and cannulation of digestive organs of ruminants has been performed by laparotomy, a method often criticized and classified as cruel by some sectors related to ethics and animal welfare. The aim of this present study is to describe and standardize a minimally invasive by laparoscopy assisted abomasal cannulation in bovine fetuses (cadavers), which had been previously slaughtered by accident and would be discarded in local slaughterhouses. RESULTS The abomasal cannulation technique was feasible, simple and did not present major difficulties. The surgical time for cannulation of the abomasum, from the insertion of the trocars to the completion of the technique with fixation of the organ to the abdominal wall, ranged from 9 to 27 min, with an average of 15.5 ± 6.62 min. CONCLUSIONS The Laproscopic assisted abomasal cannulation in bovine fetuses was feasible and safe with minimal tissue injury to the abdominal wall and with short surgical time. More studies in the clinical routine related to minimally invasive abomasal content collection, abomasopexy and abomasotomy are required in order to demonstrate its impact and importance in bovine clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heytor Jales Gurgel
- Veterinary Medicine Institute of Pará Federal University, Belém, 68.740-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco Décio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Campus Araguatins of Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Tocantins (IFTO), Palmas, 77.950-000, Brazil.
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Pará Federal University (HV/IMV/UFPA, Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-97014.884-900, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Kayan da Cunha Rossy
- Veterinary Medicine Institute of Pará Federal University, Belém, 68.740-970, Brazil
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Monteiro F, Conceição B, Santos G, Morais H, Gurgel H, Bezerra D, Rossy K, Cardoso T, Borges L, Ferreira C, Teixeira P. Laparoscopic approaches in bovine fetuses’ umbilical structures: lateral or ventral approach? ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dos Santos GMA, Borges LPB, de Morais HLM, da Conceição Guilherme B, Dos Santos Albuquerque R, Rossy KC, Gurgel HJ, do Espirito Santo Fernandes C, Barroso JPM, do Santos Ribas P, de Oliveira Monteiro FD, Ferreira CS, Teixeira PPM. Percutaneous ruminostomy guided by rumenoscopy: study in an experimental model in bovine fetus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:41. [PMID: 35039024 PMCID: PMC8762941 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03143-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endosurgery is a surgical subspecialty that has been widely used in production animals, because it enables good visualization of abdominal organs and the diagnosis and treatment of several conditions in a minimally invasive manner, while preserving the animal's well-being and causing a lower impact on animal production. Rumenostomy is one of the most common surgical procedures in ruminants. This procedure is used to allow access to the rumen for various purposes, especially nutritional and therapeutic studies, and it can be performed either in a conventional way or in a minimally invasive video-assisted manner. Another possibility of access to ruminants is through the rumenoscopy technique. The objective of this study is to describe a minimally invasive technique for rumenostomy using an endoscope, working on a bovine fetal corpse as an experimental model. RESULTS The execution of the endoscopy-guided rumenostomy technique was simple and did not present major difficulties. The endoscope, its lighting and air pump, and the decubitus used provided a good anatomical visualization of the rumen, and it was possible to evaluate several regions of the organ. The mean duration of the procedure was 11.15 min. CONCLUSIONS The endoscopic rumenostomy technique using anatomical pieces of calves was shown to be feasible. It was performed in a simple and efficient way, particularly regarding the premise of preserving the animal's well-being, due to its minimally invasive nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Melo Alves Dos Santos
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Luisa Pucci Bueno Borges
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Hanna Lyce Magno de Morais
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Barbara da Conceição Guilherme
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Dos Santos Albuquerque
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Kayan Cunha Rossy
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Heytor Jales Gurgel
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Camila do Espirito Santo Fernandes
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Monteiro Barroso
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Priscila do Santos Ribas
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
| | - Francisco Décio de Oliveira Monteiro
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
- Veterinary Hospital, Veterinary Institute, Federal University of Pará (HV/IMV/UFPA) Castanhal Campus II, Br 316, Km 62, Castanhal, PA, 68743-970, Brazil
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Monteiro FDDO, Borges LPB, Cardoso TDS, Teixeira PPM, Filho DZ, Sartori VC, Pereira RN, Flores FN, Coelho CMM, Silva MAM, Valadão CAA. Animal Model of Video-Assisted Cecum and Ileum Instrumentation for Equine Visceral Pain Study. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 108:103799. [PMID: 34856499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe an animal model for studying equine visceral pain using minimally invasive and video-assisted cecum and ileum instrumentation. The access to the cecum and ileum was affected because of a previous typhlostomy. For video-assisted distention of the cecum and ileum, a distention device, which we developed using an endotracheal Rusch probe, was used, adapted, and coupled to a cuffometer to inflate and measure the pressure of the cuff attached to its distal portion. In a video-assisted manner, the distal portion of the device was introduced into the cecum and ileum, which contained the cuff in its distal portion, properly positioning it in the lumen. The cuff of the distension device was insufflated after the measurement of baseline physiological parameters of the animals and video-assisted confirmation of its right placement in the cecum and ileum lumen (M0). Was performed in one moment through two simultaneous cuff compressions and 1 minute of animal observation to evaluate the degree of abdominal discomfort manifestations (M1). To cease these stimuli, the cuff was deflated by disconnecting the extensor of the distension device attached to its proximal portion (M2). The procedure was easily performed in most cases. Slow and progressive insufflation allowed subjective adjustment of the intensity of the pain stimulus based on behavioral manifestations. Even with a low rate of complications, the model is feasible and reproducible for studies on visceral pain and the evaluation of analgesic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Pucci Bueno Borges
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Cardoso
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Maia Teixeira
- Instituto of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Campus Castanhal, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Cibiac Sartori
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Scienses, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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