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Xia Y, Tang X, Hu R, Liu J, Zhang Q, Tian S, Wang W, Li C, Zhu Y. Cerebellum-Cerebrum paired target magnetic stimulation on balance function and brain network of patients with stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy pilot study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1071328. [PMID: 36619935 PMCID: PMC9813387 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1071328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) modulation over the cerebellum, primary motor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex individually can improve the balance function of patients with stroke. However, whether their combination could have a better balance modulation effect is uncertain. Therefore, we hypothesized that performing TMS over a combination of these targets can regulate the balance function of patients with stroke. We compared the effects of one-session TMS on eye-open and eye-closed balance conditions in patients with stroke, using different target pairs of unilateral cerebellar (CB-single), cerebellar-primary motor cortex (CB-M1), and cerebellar-supplementary motor area (CB-SMA) targets. A total of 31 patients with stroke were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups to receive single sessions of intermittent theta burst stimulation each. Functional near-infrared spectrum data on resting and standing task states (eye-open and eye-closed) and center of pressure parameters (eye-open and eye-closed) were collected before and after the intervention. Compared with the results in the CB-single group, five intergroup differences in the changes in the center of pressure parameters in the CB-M1 group and two significant differences in the CB-SMA group were observed after one session of intermittent theta burst stimulation. In the CB-SMA group, 12 out of the 14 parameters improved significantly in the EC condition after the intervention. Meanwhile, the functional near-infrared spectrum results showed that the CB-SMA group exhibited a significant inhibitory pattern in the resting-state functional connectivity, which was not observed in the other two groups. In conclusion, we believe that paired targeting of the CB-SMA can reshape the brain network and improve the balance function of patients with stroke.
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Steiner L, Federspiel A, Slavova N, Wiest R, Grunt S, Steinlin M, Everts R. Cognitive outcome is related to functional thalamo-cortical connectivity after pediatric stroke. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac110. [PMID: 35611308 PMCID: PMC9122536 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The thalamus has complex connections with the cortex and is involved in various cognitive processes. Despite increasing interest in the thalamus and the underlying thalamo-cortical interaction, little is known about thalamo-cortical connections after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate thalamo-cortical connections and their association with cognitive performance after arterial ischemic stroke.
Twenty patients in the chronic phase after pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (≥ 2 years after diagnosis, diagnosed <16 years; aged 5–23 years, mean 15.1 years) and twenty healthy controls matched for age and sex were examined in a cross-sectional study design. Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, working memory, and cognitive flexibility) was evaluated using standardized neuropsychological tests. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine functional thalamo-cortical connectivity. Lesion masks were integrated in the preprocessing pipeline to ensure that structurally damaged voxels did not influence functional connectivity analyses.
Cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition and working memory) was significantly reduced in patients compared to controls. Network analyses revealed significantly lower thalamo-cortical connectivity for the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, salience, left/right executive and dorsal attention network in patients compared to controls. Interestingly, analyses revealed as well higher thalamo-cortical connectivity in some subdivisions of the thalamus for the default mode network (medial nuclei), motor (lateral nuclei), dorsal attention (anterior nuclei), and the left executive network (posterior nuclei) in patients compared to controls. Increased and decreased thalamo-cortical connectivity strength within the same networks was, however, found in different thalamic sub-divisions. Thus, alterations in thalamo-cortical connectivity strength after pediatric stroke seem to point in both directions, with stronger as well as weaker thalamo-cortical connectivity in patients compared to controls. Multivariate linear regression, with lesion size and age as covariates, revealed significant correlations between cognitive performance (selective attention, inhibition, and working memory) and the strength of thalamo-cortical connectivity in the motor, auditory, visual, default mode network, posterior default mode network, salience, left/right executive, and dorsal attention network after childhood stroke.
Our data suggest that the interaction between different sub-nuclei of the thalamus and several cortical networks relates to post-stroke cognition. The variability in cognitive outcomes after pediatric stroke might partly be explained by functional thalamo-cortical connectivity strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Steiner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Federspiel
- Psychiatric Neuroimaging Unit, Translational Research Center, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nedelina Slavova
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Pediatric Radiology, University Children's Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roland Wiest
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Grunt
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Maja Steinlin
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regula Everts
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine and Metabolism, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Simon-Martinez C, Kamal S, Frickmann F, Steiner L, Slavova N, Everts R, Steinlin M, Grunt S. Participation after childhood stroke: Is there a relationship with lesion size, motor function and manual ability? Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2021; 35:16-26. [PMID: 34592642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is associated with significant morbidity with up to 50% of affected children developing hemiparesis. Hemiparesis is assumed to influence participation within the peer group, but it is unclear to what extent its severity affects participation in different areas of social life. METHODS Thirteen children (mean age 9y6m) with AIS (6 without hemiparesis, 7 with hemiparesis) and 21 controls (mean age 9y8m) participated. We scored hemiparesis severity with hand strength asymmetry (pinch and grip strength), measured with a dynamometer. We assessed manual ability (ABILHAND-Kids), socioeconomic status (Family Affluence Scale) and participation (Participation and Environment Measure - Children and Youth). From structural MRI, we measured lesion size. We investigated differences in participation and its relationship with hemiparesis severity using non-parametric partial correlations (controlling for lesion size, manual ability, and socioeconomic status), interpreted as absent (r < 0.25), weak (r = 0.25-0.50), moderate (r = 0.50-0.75) or strong (r > 0.75). Analyses were performed in jamovi 1.6.3. RESULTS Children with AIS (with or without hemiparesis) showed reduced participation frequency at school (p < 0.001), whilst participation at home and in the community resembled that of their peers. Severity of hemiparesis was moderately related to frequency and involvement at home and to involvement and desire for change in the community, although unrelated to school participation. CONCLUSION Reduced participation in school life requires close attention in the follow-up of children with AIS - regardless of the severity of hemiparesis. Participation at home and in the community is related to hemiparesis severity and may be improved with participation-focused motor intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Simon-Martinez
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Information Systems, University of Applied Sciences Western Switzerland (HES-SO) Valais-Wallis, Sierre, Switzerland.
| | - Sandeep Kamal
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Fabienne Frickmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Leonie Steiner
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Nedelina Slavova
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, and University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Pediatric Radiology, University Children's Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Regula Everts
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Maja Steinlin
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sebastian Grunt
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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