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Marvin JC, Liu EJ, Chen HH, Shiovitz DA, Andarawis-Puri N. Proteins Derived From MRL/MpJ Tendon Provisional Extracellular Matrix and Secretome Promote Pro-Regenerative Tenocyte Behavior. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602500. [PMID: 39026846 PMCID: PMC11257490 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Tendinopathies are prevalent musculoskeletal conditions that have no effective therapies to attenuate scar formation. In contrast to other adult mammals, the tendons of Murphy Roths Large (MRL/MpJ) mice possess a superior healing capacity following acute and overuse injuries. Here, we hypothesized that the application of biological cues derived from the local MRL/MpJ tendon environment would direct otherwise scar-mediated tenocytes towards a pro-regenerative MRL/MpJ-like phenotype. We identified soluble factors enriched in the secretome of MRL/MpJ tenocytes using bioreactor systems and quantitative proteomics. We then demonstrated that the combined administration of structural and soluble constituents isolated from decellularized MRL/MpJ tendon provisional ECM (dPECM) and the secretome stimulate scar-mediated rodent tenocytes towards enhanced mechanosensitivity, proliferation, intercellular communication, and ECM deposition associated with MRL/MpJ cell behavior. Our findings highlight key biological mechanisms that drive MRL/MpJ tenocyte activity and their interspecies utility to be harnessed for therapeutic strategies that promote pro-regenerative healing outcomes. Teaser Proteins enriched in a super-healer mouse strain elicit interspecies utility in promoting pro-regenerative tenocyte behavior.
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Cenni V, Sabatelli P, Di Martino A, Merlini L, Antoniel M, Squarzoni S, Neri S, Santi S, Metti S, Bonaldo P, Faldini C. Collagen VI Deficiency Impairs Tendon Fibroblasts Mechanoresponse in Ullrich Congenital Muscular Dystrophy. Cells 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38474342 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The pericellular matrix (PCM) is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds cells. Interactions with the PCM enable the cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals, triggering a proper adaptive response. Collagen VI is a component of muscle and tendon PCM. Mutations in collagen VI genes cause a distinctive group of inherited skeletal muscle diseases, and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD) is the most severe form. In addition to muscle weakness, UCMD patients show structural and functional changes of the tendon PCM. In this study, we investigated whether PCM alterations due to collagen VI mutations affect the response of tendon fibroblasts to mechanical stimulation. By taking advantage of human tendon cultures obtained from unaffected donors and from UCMD patients, we analyzed the morphological and functional properties of cellular mechanosensors. We found that the length of the primary cilia of UCMD cells was longer than that of controls. Unlike controls, in UCMD cells, both cilia prevalence and length were not recovered after mechanical stimulation. Accordingly, under the same experimental conditions, the activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway, which is related to cilia activity, was impaired in UCMD cells. Finally, UCMD tendon cells exposed to mechanical stimuli showed altered focal adhesions, as well as impaired activation of Akt, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and mechanoresponsive genes downstream of YAP. By exploring the response to mechanical stimulation, for the first time, our findings uncover novel unreported mechanistic aspects of the physiopathology of UCMD-derived tendon fibroblasts and point at a role for collagen VI in the modulation of mechanotransduction in tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Di Martino
- 1st Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciano Merlini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Antoniel
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR-Institute of Molecular Genetics, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Samuele Metti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonaldo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- 1st Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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Jones DL, Hallström GF, Jiang X, Locke RC, Evans MK, Bonnevie ED, Srikumar A, Leahy TP, Nijsure MP, Boerckel JD, Mauck RL, Dyment NA. Mechanoepigenetic regulation of extracellular matrix homeostasis via Yap and Taz. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211947120. [PMID: 37216538 PMCID: PMC10235980 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211947120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells integrate mechanical cues to direct fate specification to maintain tissue function and homeostasis. While disruption of these cues is known to lead to aberrant cell behavior and chronic diseases, such as tendinopathies, the underlying mechanisms by which mechanical signals maintain cell function are not well understood. Here, we show using a model of tendon de-tensioning that loss of tensile cues in vivo acutely changes nuclear morphology, positioning, and expression of catabolic gene programs, resulting in subsequent weakening of the tendon. In vitro studies using paired ATAC/RNAseq demonstrate that the loss of cellular tension rapidly reduces chromatin accessibility in the vicinity of Yap/Taz genomic targets while also increasing expression of genes involved in matrix catabolism. Concordantly, the depletion of Yap/Taz elevates matrix catabolic expression. Conversely, overexpression of Yap results in a reduction of chromatin accessibility at matrix catabolic gene loci, while also reducing transcriptional levels. The overexpression of Yap not only prevents the induction of this broad catabolic program following a loss of cellular tension, but also preserves the underlying chromatin state from force-induced alterations. Taken together, these results provide novel mechanistic details by which mechanoepigenetic signals regulate tendon cell function through a Yap/Taz axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota L. Jones
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Grey F. Hallström
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Xi Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Ryan C. Locke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Mary Kate Evans
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Edward D. Bonnevie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Anjana Srikumar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Thomas P. Leahy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Madhura P. Nijsure
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Joel D. Boerckel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nathaniel A. Dyment
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
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4
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Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang B, Zheng C, Hu C, Guo C, Kong Q, Wang Y. Repair of degenerative nucleus pulposus by polyphenol nanosphere-encapsulated hydrogel gene delivery system. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122132. [PMID: 37156085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) progresses due to local inflammatory response, gradually unbalanced anabolic/catabolic activity, and progressive functional impairment within the nucleus pulposus. Antagomir-21, a cholesterol-modified miRNA-21 inhibitor, has potential extracellular matrix (ECM) regenerative ability, but its application for IDD is limited by inadequate local delivery systems. An injectable hydrogel gene delivery system encapsulating a modified tannic acid nanoparticles (TA NPs) vector was engineered for on-demand and sustained delivery of antagomir-21 into the nucleus pulposus. After nucleus pulposus cell uptake, antagomir-21 was released from TA NPs and regulated the ECM metabolic balance by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. TA NPs scavenged intracellular ROS and reduced inflammation by downregulating TNF-α expression. In vivo, synergistic anti-inflammatory effects and ECM regeneration effectively promoted therapeutic efficacy against IDD. This hydrogel gene delivery system represents a creative, promising strategy for IDD repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ye Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qingquan Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Hussien AA, Niederoest B, Bollhalder M, Goedecke N, Snedeker JG. The Stiffness-Sensitive Transcriptome of Human Tendon Stromal Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2101216. [PMID: 36509005 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix stiffness is a major regulator of cellular states. Stiffness-sensing investigations are typically performed using cells that have acquired "mechanical memory" through prolonged conditioning in rigid environments, e.g., tissue culture plastic (TCP). This potentially masks the full extent of the matrix stiffness-driven mechanosensing programs. Here, a biomaterial composed of 2D mechanovariant silicone substrates with simplified and scalable surface biofunctionalization chemistry is developed to facilitate large-scale cell culture expansion processes. Using RNA sequencing, stiffness-mediated mechano-responses of human tendon-derived stromal cells are broadly mapped. Matrix elasticity (E.) approximating tendon microscale stiffness range (E. ≈ 35 kPa) distinctly favors transcriptional programs related to chromatin remodeling and Hippo signaling; whereas compliant stiffnesses (E. ≈ 2 kPa) are enriched in processes related to cell stemness, synapse assembly, and angiogenesis. While tendon stromal cells undergo dramatic phenotypic drift on conventional TCP, mechanovariant substrates abrogate this activation with tenogenic stiffnesses inducing a transcriptional program that strongly correlates with established tendon tissue-specific expression signature. Computational inference predicts that AKT1 and ERK1/2 are major stiffness-sensing signaling hubs. Together, these findings highlight how matrix biophysical cues may dictate the transcriptional identity of tendon cells, and how matrix mechano-reciprocity regulates diverse sets of previously underappreciated mechanosensitive processes in tendon fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro A Hussien
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Niederoest
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Maja Bollhalder
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Nils Goedecke
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Jess G Snedeker
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland.,Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8008, Switzerland
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6
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Koch DW, Schnabel LV, Ellis IM, Bates RE, Berglund AK. TGF-β2 enhances expression of equine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell paracrine factors with known associations to tendon healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:477. [PMID: 36114555 PMCID: PMC9482193 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secrete paracrine factors and extracellular matrix proteins that contribute to their ability to support tissue healing and regeneration. Both the transcriptome and the secretome of MSCs can be altered by treating the cells with cytokines, but neither have been thoroughly investigated following treatment with the specific cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2. Methods RNA-sequencing and western blotting were used to compare gene and protein expression between untreated and TGF-β2-treated equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). A co-culture system was utilized to compare equine tenocyte migration during co-culture with untreated and TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs. Results TGF-β2 treatment significantly upregulated gene expression of collagens, extracellular matrix molecules, and growth factors. Protein expression of collagen type I and tenascin-C was also confirmed to be upregulated in TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs compared to untreated BM-MSCs. Both untreated and TGF-β2-treated BM-MSCs increased tenocyte migration in vitro. Conclusions Treating equine BM-MSCs with TGF-β2 significantly increases production of paracrine factors and extracellular matrix molecules important for tendon healing and promotes the migration of tenocytes in vitro. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03172-9.
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Tempfer H, Spitzer G, Lehner C, Wagner A, Gehwolf R, Fierlbeck J, Weissenbacher N, Jessen M, Heindl LM, Traweger A. VEGF-D-mediated signaling in tendon cells is involved in degenerative processes. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22126. [PMID: 35044682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100773rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling is crucial for a large variety of cellular processes, not only related to angiogenesis but also in nonvascular cell types. We have previously shown that controlling angiogenesis by reducing VEGF-A signaling positively affects tendon healing. We now hypothesize that VEGF signaling in non-endothelial cells may contribute to tendon pathologies. By immunohistochemistry we show that VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3 are expressed in murine and human tendon cells in vivo. In a rat Achilles tendon defect model we show that VEGFR1, VEGFR3, and VEGF-D expression are increased after injury. On cultured rat tendon cells we show that VEGF-D stimulates cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner; the specific VEGFR3 inhibitor SAR131675 reduces cell proliferation and cell migration. Furthermore, activation of VEGFR2 and -3 in tendon-derived cells affects the expression of mRNAs encoding extracellular matrix and matrix remodeling proteins. Using explant model systems, we provide evidence, that VEGFR3 inhibition prevents biomechanical deterioration in rat tail tendon fascicles cultured without load and attenuates matrix damage if exposed to dynamic overload in a bioreactor system. Together, these results suggest a strong role of tendon cell VEGF signaling in mediation of degenerative processes. These findings give novel insight into tendon cell biology and may pave the way for novel treatment options for degenerative tendon diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriel Spitzer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Nadja Weissenbacher
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Malik Jessen
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University-Spinal Cord Injury & Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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Hou Y, Zhou B, Ni M, Wang M, Ding L, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li G, Wang J, Xu L. Nonwoven-based gelatin/polycaprolactone membrane loaded with ERK inhibitor U0126 for treatment of tendon defects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:5. [PMID: 35012661 PMCID: PMC8744263 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tendon is a major component of musculoskeletal system connecting the muscles to the bone. Tendon injuries are very common orthopedics problems leading to impeded motion. Up to now, there still lacks effective treatments for tendon diseases. METHODS Tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs) were isolated from the patellar tendons of SD rats. The expression levels of genes were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed to confirm the presence of tendon markers in tendon tissues. Bioinformatics analysis of data acquired by RNA-seq was used to find out the differentially expressed genes. Rat patellar tendon injury model was used to evaluate the effect of U0126 on tendon injury healing. Biomechanical testing was applied to evaluate the mechanical properties of newly formed tendon tissues. RESULTS In this study, we have shown that ERK inhibitor U0126 rather PD98059 could effectively increase the expression of tendon-related genes and promote the tenogenesis of TSPCs in vitro. To explore the underlying mechanisms, RNA sequencing was performed to identify the molecular difference between U0126-treated and control TSPCs. The result showed that GDF6 was significantly increased by U0126, which is an important factor of the TGFβ superfamily regulating tendon development and tenogenesis. In addition, NBM (nonwoven-based gelatin/polycaprolactone membrane) which mimics the native microenvironment of the tendon tissue was used as an acellular scaffold to carry U0126. The results demonstrated that when NBM was used in combination with U0126, tendon healing was significantly promoted with better histological staining outcomes and mechanical properties. CONCLUSION Taken together, we have found U0126 promoted tenogenesis in TSPCs through activating GDF6, and NBM loaded with U0126 significantly promoted tendon defect healing, which provides a new treatment for tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Hou
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Zhou
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Medical Center, the Fourth Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingli Ding
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Liu
- Departments of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Neo Modulus (Suzhou) Medical Sci-Tech Co., Ltd., Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. .,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Room 904, 9/F, Shatin, Hong Kong, SAR, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- Biomedical Engineering School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liangliang Xu
- Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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