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Thá EL, Gagosian VSC, Canavez ADPM, Schuck DC, Brohem CA, Gradia DF, de Freitas RA, Prado KB, Cestari MM, Lorencini M, Leme DM. In vitro evaluation of the inhalation toxicity of the cosmetic ingredient aluminum chlorohydrate. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:2016-2029. [PMID: 35883269 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum chlorohydrate (ACH) is a major aerosol component frequently used as the active ingredient in antiperspirants, and in vivo studies have raised a concern about its inhalation toxicity. Still, few studies have addressed its effects on the human respiratory tract. Therefore, we developed a study on ACH inhalation toxicity using an in vitro human alveolar cell model (A549 cells) with molecular and cellular markers of oxidative stress, immunotoxicity, and epigenetic changes. The chemical characterization of ACH suspensions indicated particle instability and aggregation; however, side-scatter analysis demonstrated significant particle uptake in cells exposed to ACH. Exposure of A549 cells to non-cytotoxic concentrations of ACH (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) showed that ACH induced reactive oxygen species. Moreover, ACH upregulated TNF, IL6, IL8, and IL1A genes, but not the lncRNAs NEAT1 and MALAT1. Finally, no alterations on the global DNA methylation pattern (5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine) or the phosphorylation of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX) were observed. Our data suggest that ACH may induce oxidative stress and inflammation on alveolar cells, and A549 cells may be useful to identify cellular and molecular events that may be associated with adverse effects on the lungs. Still, further research is needed to ensure the inhalation safety of ACH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoela Lundgren Thá
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics-Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla Abdo Brohem
- Product Safety Management-Q&PP, Grupo Boticário, São José dos Pinhais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karin Braun Prado
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Lorencini
- Product Safety Management-Q&PP, Grupo Boticário, São José dos Pinhais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Morais Leme
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Galey JB, Botet R, Sakhawoth Y, Dupire J, Leonforte F, Chardon M, Monti F, Tabeling P, Cabane B. Dendritic growth of protein gel in the course of sweat pore plugging by aluminium salts under physiological conditions. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8022-8026. [PMID: 34525157 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01029h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Are aluminium ions unavoidable in antiperspirants? To answer this question, we present confocal microscopy images of dendritic plugs appearing in sweat flowing across a microfluidic channel in the presence of aluminium salts. By comparing with numerical simulations, we identify the mechanisms forming this structured protein gel inside the pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Galey
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Robert Botet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR8502, 91405, Orsay, France.
| | | | - Jules Dupire
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Fabien Leonforte
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Marion Chardon
- L'Oréal Recherche & Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | | | | | - Bernard Cabane
- LCMD, CNRS UMR8231, ESPCI, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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