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Kubatka P, Mazurakova A, Koklesova L, Kuruc T, Samec M, Kajo K, Kotorova K, Adamkov M, Smejkal K, Svajdlenka E, Dvorska D, Brany D, Baranovicova E, Sadlonova V, Mojzis J, Kello M. Salvia officinalis L. exerts oncostatic effects in rodent and in vitro models of breast carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1216199. [PMID: 38464730 PMCID: PMC10921418 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1216199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Based on extensive data from oncology research, the use of phytochemicals or plant-based nutraceuticals is considered an innovative tool for cancer management. This research aimed to analyze the oncostatic properties of Salvia officinalis L. [Lamiaceae; Salviae officinalis herba] using animal and in vitro models of breast carcinoma (BC). Methods: The effects of dietary administered S. officinalis in two concentrations (0.1%/SAL 0.1/and 1%/SAL 1/) were assessed in both syngeneic 4T1 mouse and chemically induced rat models of BC. The histopathological and molecular evaluations of rodent carcinoma specimens were performed after the autopsy. Besides, numerous in vitro analyses using two human cancer cell lines were performed. Results and Conclusion: The dominant metabolites found in S. officinalis propylene glycol extract (SPGE) were representatives of phenolics, specifically rosmarinic, protocatechuic, and salicylic acids. Furthermore, the occurrence of triterpenoids ursolic and oleanolic acid was proved in SPGE. In a mouse model, a non-significant tumor volume decrease after S. officinalis treatment was associated with a significant reduction in the mitotic activity index of 4T1 tumors by 37.5% (SAL 0.1) and 31.5% (SAL 1) vs. controls (set as a blank group with not applied salvia in the diet). In addition, salvia at higher doses significantly decreased necrosis/whole tumor area ratio by 46% when compared to control tumor samples. In a rat chemoprevention study, S. officinalis at a higher dose significantly lengthened the latency of tumors by 8.5 days and significantly improved the high/low-grade carcinomas ratio vs. controls in both doses. Analyses of the mechanisms of anticancer activities of S. officinalis included well-validated prognostic, predictive, and diagnostic biomarkers that are applied in both oncology practice and preclinical investigation. Our assessment in vivo revealed numerous significant changes after a comparison of treated vs. untreated cancer cells. In this regard, we found an overexpression in caspase-3, an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and a decrease in MDA, ALDH1, and EpCam expression. In addition, salvia reduced TGF-β serum levels in rats (decrease in IL-6 and TNF-α levels were with borderline significance). Evaluation of epigenetic modifications in rat cancer specimens in vivo revealed a decline in the lysine methylations of H3K4m3 and an increase in lysine acetylation in H4K16ac levels in treated groups. Salvia decreased the relative levels of oncogenic miR21 and tumor-suppressive miR145 (miR210, miR22, miR34a, and miR155 were not significantly altered). The methylation of ATM and PTEN promoters was decreased after S. officinalis treatment (PITX2, RASSF1, and TIMP3 promoters were not altered). Analyzing plasma metabolomics profile in tumor-bearing rats, we found reduced levels of ketoacids derived from BCAAs after salvia treatment. In vitro analyses revealed significant anti-cancer effects of SPGE extract in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines (cytotoxicity, caspase-3/-7, Bcl-2, Annexin V/PI, cell cycle, BrdU, and mitochondrial membrane potential). Our study demonstrates the significant chemopreventive and treatment effects of salvia haulm using animal or in vitro BC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kubatka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Alena Mazurakova
- Department of Anatomy, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tomas Kuruc
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marek Samec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Oncology Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klaudia Kotorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marian Adamkov
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Karel Smejkal
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emil Svajdlenka
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dana Dvorska
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dusan Brany
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Baranovicova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Vladimira Sadlonova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
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Dilworth LL, Stennett DK, Bailey DH, Omoruyi FO. Effect of Annona squamosa leaf extract on human promyelocytic leukemia cells subjected to oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:612-620. [PMID: 37247307 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2023-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Annona squamosa has beneficial properties. However, its cytotoxicity and antioxidative effects on human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) deserve investigation. Therefore, the efficacy of its crude extracts in offsetting damage in HL60 cells subjected to oxidative stress was studied. METHODS Crude extracts at different concentrations were incubated with HL60 cells. The beneficial properties of the plant extract against oxidative damage were evaluated post-induction of oxidative stress utilizing hydrogen peroxide. RESULTS Extracts at concentrations 600 and 800 μg/mL were most effective at increasing the viability of damaged cells compared to the control group after 48 h of incubation. Significant increases in lipid peroxidation were observed in exposed cells treated with 600 μg/mL extract after 72 h of incubation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities significantly increased in exposed cells after 24 h of incubation at all extract concentrations. Exposed cells treated with 600 and 1,000 μg/dL of the extract showed significantly increased catalase activity after 48 h, and a similar profile was maintained after 72 h of exposure. SOD activity in exposed cells remained significantly increased at all treatment concentrations after 48 and 72 h of incubation. Treatment with 400, 600, and 800 μg/mL of the extract resulted in significantly increased reduced glutathione levels compared to the other groups after 24 and 72 h of incubation. However, after 48 h of incubation, significant increases were noted in glutathione levels in exposed cells incubated with either 400, 800, or 1,000 μg/mL extract. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that A. squamosa might effectively protect against oxidative damage in a time and extract concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowell L Dilworth
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | - Dennis H Bailey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Felix O Omoruyi
- Department of Life Sciences/Department of Health Sciences, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Farinha D, Faustino H, Nunes C, Sales H, Pontes R, Nunes J. Bioactive Compounds of Portuguese Fruits with PDO and PGI. Foods 2023; 12:2994. [PMID: 37627993 PMCID: PMC10453760 DOI: 10.3390/foods12162994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Union has established two designations, Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI), to guarantee the authenticity of products with valued specificities associated with the regions where they are produced. The valorization of these products, particularly fruits, not only preserves their natural origins but also promotes the cultivalion of specific regional fruit varieties. This contributes to the preservation of biodiversity and the development of innovative bio-based products in the regions of production. In recent years, substantial efforts have been made to characterize PDO and PGI fruits, particularly in relation to the presence of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Portugal, with its diverse range of climates and geographical characteristics, is home to numerous fruits with unique flavors, textures, and appearances, many of which are now recognized with PDO or PGI seals. This review compiles data from the production of Portuguese fruits with PDO designations, such as the 'Maça Bravo de Esmolfe' (apple) and 'Pera Rocha do Oeste' (pear), and PGI designations, such as 'Citrinos do Algarve' (citrus)and 'Cereja da Cova da Beira' (cherry), and summarizes studies focusing on the bioactive compounds present in these fruits. The presence of bioactive compounds is a significant aspect of nutritious food, associated with health benefits that consumers are increasingly aware of and value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catarina Nunes
- Association BLC3—Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Oliveira do Hospital, Rua Nossa Senhora da Conceição nº 2, 3405-155 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.F.); (H.F.); (H.S.); (R.P.); (J.N.)
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Huang C, Tu W, Zhang M, Peng D, Guo Z, Huang W, Zhu J, Yu R, Song L, Wang Y. A novel heteropolysaccharide isolated from custard apple pulp and its immunomodulatory activity in mouse macrophages and dendritic cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18521. [PMID: 37554813 PMCID: PMC10404978 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel heteropolysaccharide (ASPA80-1) with an average molecular weight of 5.48 × 104 Da was isolated and structurally elucidated from custard apple pulp (Annona squamosa) through DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and Sephacryl S-300 HR chromatography and spectral analysis. ASPA80-1 is a water-soluble polysaccharide and it is a polymer consisting of predominant amounts of (1 → 3)-linked-L-arabinose (Ara) residues, small amounts of (1 → 6)-linked-D-galactose (Gal), (1 → 3,5)-linked-L-arabinose (Ara) residues and terminal linked-L-arabinose (Ara) residues, trace amount of (1 → 4)-linked-D-glucose (Glc) residues and (1 → 2)-linked-L-rhamnose (Rham) residues. ASPA80-1 showed significant effect on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) activation. On the one hand, ASPA80-1 activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inducing morphology change, enhancing phagocytic ability, increasing nitric oxide (NO) secretion and promoting expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD 86). On the other hand, ASPA80-1 promoted the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by inducing longer dendrites, decreasing phagocytic ability and increasing MHC II and CD86 expression. Furthermore, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were activated after the intervention of ASPA80-1 on RAW264.7 cells or DCs. Thus, the novel heteropolysaccharide ASPA80-1 has the potential to be used as an immunoenhancing component in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wensong Tu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhongyi Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Weijuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Donhouedé JC, Salako KV, Assogbadjo AE, Ribeiro-Barros AIF, Ribeiro N. The relative role of soil, climate, and genotype in the variation of nutritional value of Annona senegalensis fruits and leaves. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19012. [PMID: 37636399 PMCID: PMC10448471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Annona senegalensis Pers is a multipurpose tree species valued for food and medicinal uses in Africa. Although there have been attempts to document the proximate composition of fruits and leaves, little is known about the relative role of soil, climate, and genotype on the nutritional quality. The present study evaluated the variation of the proximate composition of fruits and leaves in populations from Benin and Mozambique. It further assessed the impact of soil, climate and genotype on the proximate composition. Data were collected from four populations genetically different and analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis, redundancy analysis (RDA), and variance partitioning. Results revealed significant variation in the proximate composition of fruits and leaves among the studied populations. Ashes and fibers in fruits, and lipids in leaves were 4.8-fold, 2.5- fold, and 1.25-fold higher respectively, in populations from Mozambique. Fruits moisture and lipids content were rather 1.4-fold and 1.10-fold higher in populations from Benin. Moisture and lipids were respectively 6-fold and 1.27-fold higher in fruits than in leaves, while ashes, fibers and proteins were approximately twice higher in the leaves than in the fruits. Genetic groups, climate and soils were found to influence this variation. All three factors explained 74.4% of the variation of nutritional value of fruits and leaves, 31.9% of which was exclusively due to genetic variation, 2.8% to the interaction of climate and soils, 24.1% to the interaction of soil and genetic variation, and 15.5% to the interaction of all three factors. Our study shows that genetic variation and soil properties better than climate, explain the variation of nutritional value of A. senegalensis fruits and leaves and further provides essential information that could be harnessed in the domestication and breeding program of the species for its edible parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C.F. Donhouedé
- Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box: 257, Maputo, Mozambique
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Appliquée, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP, 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kolawolé Valère Salako
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP, 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Achille E. Assogbadjo
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Appliquée, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP, 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Ana IF. Ribeiro-Barros
- Forest Research Center (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Natasha Ribeiro
- Department of Forest Engineering, Faculty of Agronomy and Forest Engineering, Eduardo Mondlane University, P.O. Box: 257, Maputo, Mozambique
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Onaolapo AY, Ojo FO, Onaolapo OJ. Biflavonoid quercetin protects against cyclophosphamide-induced organ toxicities via modulation of inflammatory cytokines, brain neurotransmitters, and astrocyte immunoreactivity. Food Chem Toxicol 2023:113879. [PMID: 37301500 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclophosphamide use has been associated with increased oxidative stress in cells and tissues. Quercetin's antioxidative properties make it of potential benefit in such conditions of oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE To assess quercetin's ability to mitigate cyclophosphamide-induced organ toxicities in rats. METHODS Sixty rats were assigned into six groups. Groups A and D served as normal and cyclophosphamide control and were fed standard rat chow, groups B and E were fed quercetin supplemented diet (100 mg/kg of feed), while those in groups C and F were fed quercetin at 200 mg/kg of feed. Groups A-C received intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline on days 1 and 2, while D-F received ip cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg/day on days 1 and 2). On day 21, behavioural tests were carried out, animals were sacrificed and blood samples taken. Organs were processed for histological study. RESULTS Quercetin reversed cyclophosphamide-induced decrease in body weight, food intake and total antioxidant capacity, and increase in lipid peroxidation (p = 0.001), It also reversed derangement in levels of liver transaminase, urea, creatinine and proinflammatory cytokines (p = 0.001). Improvement in working-memory and anxiety-related behaviours were also observed. Finally, quercetin reversed alterations in levels of acetylcholine, dopamine and brain-derived neurotropic factor (p = 0.021); while reducing serotonin levels and astrocyte immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Quercetin shows significant ability to protect against cyclophosphamide-induced changes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adejoke Y Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neurobiology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Foluso O Ojo
- Department of Anatomy, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle J Onaolapo
- Behavioural Neuroscience/Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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Tlais AZA, Rantsiou K, Filannino P, Cocolin LS, Cavoski I, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Ecological linkages between biotechnologically relevant autochthonous microorganisms and phenolic compounds in sugar apple fruit (Annona squamosa L.). Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 387:110057. [PMID: 36563533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our study investigated the potential of Annona squamosa (L.) fruit as a reservoir of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria having biotechnological implications, and phenolics capable of modifying the ecology of microbial consortia. Only a single species of lactic acid bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) was identified, while Annona fruit seemed to be a preferred niche for yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Hanseniaspora uvarum), which were differentially distributed in the fruit. In order to identify ecological implications for inherent phenolics, the antimicrobial potential of water- and methanol/water-soluble extracts from peel and pulp was studied. Pulp extracts did not show any antimicrobial activity against the microbial indicators, while some Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus megaterium) were susceptible to peel extracts. Among lactic acid bacteria used as indicators, only Lactococcus lactis and Weissella cibaria were inhibited. The chemical profiling of methanol/water-soluble phenolics from Annona peel reported a full panel of 41 phenolics, mainly procyanidins and catechin derivatives. The antimicrobial activity was associated to specific compounds (procyanidin dimer type B [isomer 1], rutin [isomer 2], catechin diglucopyranoside), in addition to unidentified catechin derivatives. E. faecalis, which was detected in the epiphytic microbiota, was well adapted to the phenolics from the peel. Peel phenolics had a growth-promoting effect toward the autochthonous yeasts S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kalliopi Rantsiou
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luca Simone Cocolin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Science, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino, Italy
| | - Ivana Cavoski
- CIHEAM-MAIB, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Libera Università di Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Jia W, Zhou L, Li L, Zhou P, Shen Z. Nano-Based Drug Delivery of Polyphenolic Compounds for Cancer Treatment: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010101. [PMID: 36678599 PMCID: PMC9865384 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and their derivates, a kind of natural product distributed in herb plants, vegetables, and fruits, are the most abundant antioxidants in the human diet and have been found to display cancer-preventative effects in several epidemiological studies. The scientific community has also validated the anti-cancer bioactivities and low toxicities of polyphenolic compounds, including flavones, tannins, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, through in vitro and in vivo studies. However, the low stability, weak targeting ability, poor solubility, and low bioavailability of pure polyphenolic agents have significantly impaired their treatment efficacy. Nowadays, nano-based technology has been applied to surmount these restrictions and maximize the treatment efficacy of polyphenols. In this review, we summarize the advantages and related mechanisms of polyphenols in cancer treatment. Moreover, aiming at the poor solubility and low bioavailability of pure polyphenols in vivo, the advantages of nano-based delivery systems and recent research developments are highlighted. Herein, particular emphasis is mainly placed on the most widely used nanomaterials in the delivery of natural products, including liposomes, micelles, and nanogels. Finally, we present an overview and the challenges of future implementations of nano-based delivery systems of polyphenolic compounds in the cancer therapeutic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zhisen Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.S.)
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Comparative Study on Physicochemical and Nutritional Qualities of Kiwifruit Varieties. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010108. [PMID: 36613324 PMCID: PMC9818353 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of kiwifruit varieties, 14 kiwifruits from different species with different flesh colors were selected for research. The pectin content was significantly higher in green-fleshed kiwifruits than those in red-fleshed and yellow-fleshed kiwifruits. Red-fleshed kiwifruits had the highest total flavonoid content, and green-fleshed kiwifruits in A. eriantha had the highest chlorophyll a content, chlorophyll b content and total carotenoid content. The energy and carbohydrate contents of yellow-fleshed kiwifruits were significantly lower than those of red-fleshed kiwifruit. Moreover, the protein contents in A. chinensis and A. chinensis var. deliciosa were higher than those in other species. The content of vitamin C in A. eriantha was far higher than in other kiwifruits. Red-fleshed kiwifruits had a significantly higher vitamin E and vitamin B1 content than green-fleshed kiwifruits. In addition, 1-pentanol, trans-2-hexen-1-ol, n-hexane and styrene presented only in red-fleshed kiwifruits. Therefore, these could be used as a characteristic fragrance for red-fleshed kiwifruits. Moreover, the varieties were ranked comprehensively by principal component analysis (PCA), among which the top four highest-ranking kiwifruits among the 14 varieties were 'Huate', 'MHYX', 'Jinkui' and 'Xuxiang', respectively. This study provides a reference for consumers and markets on quality improvement and processing.
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Seed Waste from Custard Apple (Annona squamosa L.): A Comprehensive Insight on Bioactive Compounds, Health Promoting Activity and Safety Profile. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Annona squamosa L. (custard apple or sugar apple), belonging to the Annonaceae family, is a small tree or shrub that grows natively in subtropical and tropical regions. Seeds of the custard apple have been employed in folk medicines because of the presence of bioactive chemicals/compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic compounds and acetogenins and cyclopeptides that are responsible for various biological activities. The seeds also show the presence of tannins, vitamin C, vitamin E and a higher content of amino acids. From investigations, it has been shown that the seeds of A. squamosa have considerable potential to be used as an antibacterial, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and antitumor/anticancer agent. Cyclosquamosin B, extracted from the custard apple seed, possesses vasorelaxant properties. Tocopherols and fatty acids, notably oleic acid and linoleic acid, are also found in the seed oil. A. squamosa seeds contain a high amount of annonaceous acetogenins compounds, which are potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitors and have high cytotoxicity. A survey primarily based on the nutritional, phytochemical and biological properties showed that A. squamosa seeds can be used for the discovery of novel products, including pharmaceutical drugs. Although there are sufficient in vitro and in vivo experimental investigations supporting the benefits of seeds, clinical investigations/trials are still needed to determine the health contributing benefits of A. squamosa seeds.
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Cytotoxic effects of bioactive extracts from Andrographis echioides (L.) Nees: An In vitro approach. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yao Q, Zhang X, Chen D. Emerging Roles and Mechanisms of lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 in Human Diseases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848296. [PMID: 35280790 PMCID: PMC8914342 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as powerful regulators of human diseases. The lncRNA FOXD3-AS1 is a novel lncRNA that was recently shown to exert imperative roles in the initialization and progression of several diseases. Emerging studies have shown aberrant expression of FOXD3-AS1 and close correlation with pathophysiological traits of numerous diseases, particularly cancers. More importantly, FOXD3-AS1 was also found to ubiquitously impact a range of biological functions. This study aims to summarize the expression, associated clinicopathological features, major functions and molecular mechanisms of FOXD3-AS1 in human diseases and to explore its possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dajin Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Dajin Chen,
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Wang H, Li Y, Wang X, Li Y, Cui J, Jin DQ, Tuerhong M, Abudukeremu M, Xu J, Guo Y. Preparation and structural properties of selenium modified heteropolysaccharide from the fruits of Akebia quinata and in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118950. [PMID: 34973766 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and blocking tumor angiogenesis has become one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy. Here, an exopoly heteropolysaccharide (AQP70-2B) was firstly isolated from Akebia quinata. Monosaccharide composition indicated that the AQP70-2B was composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. The backbone of AQP70-2B consisted of →1)-l-Araf, →3)-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-d-Galp-(1→, and →1)-d-Rhap residues. Based on the close relationship between selenium and anti-tumor activity, AQP70-2B was modified with selenium to obtain selenized polysaccharide Se-AQP70-2B. Then, a series of methods for analysis and characterization, especially scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), indicated that Se-AQP70-2B was successfully synthesized. Furthermore, zebrafish xenografts and anti-angiogenesis experiments indicated that selenization could improve the antitumor activity by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and migration and blocking angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Cui
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Qing Jin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhetaer Tuerhong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Munira Abudukeremu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Xinjiang Native Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources Chemistry, Kashgar University, Kashgar 844000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China.
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Swantara MD, Rita WS, Dira MA, Agustina KK. Cervical anticancer activities of Annona squamosa Linn. leaf isolate. Vet World 2022; 15:124-131. [PMID: 35369588 PMCID: PMC8924393 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.124-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, the need for new anticancer herbal drugs is becoming more urgent considering the side effects of synthetic drugs. This study aimed to determine the anticancer activity of isolates derived from the methanol extract of Annona squamosa Linn. leaves and to identify the compounds that have an active effect against HeLa cells. Materials and Methods: The leaf metabolites of A. squamosa L. were extracted using methanol at room temperature (28°C) and were partitioned into n-hexane, chloroform, and n-butanol. The toxicity test of these extracts was conducted using a brine shrimp lethality assay. Furthermore, the most toxic extracts were separated and purified using silica gel column chromatography to yield four isolate fractions: FA, FB, FC, and FD. The most toxic isolates were tested for anticancer against HeLa cells, and their compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: The results showed that the most toxic isolate with an LC50 value of 100.00 ppm had a potency similar to that of an anticancer agent with an IC50 value of 70.9021 ppm. Furthermore, the five compounds identified in this isolate include (6S, 7aR)-6-hydroxy-4,4,7a-trimethyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-1-benzofuran-2-one or loliolide, cocamidopropyl betaine, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]dodecanamide or lauramidopropyl dimethylamine, linolenic acid, and 1-dodecyl-2-azepanone or laurocapram. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the leaf isolates of A. squamosa Linn. had shown anticancer activities against cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Made Dira Swantara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali 80225 Indonesia
| | - Wiwik Susanah Rita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali 80225 Indonesia
| | - Made Asmarani Dira
- Clinical and Community Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Health, Bali Institute of Technology and Health, Denpasar, Bali 80225, Indonesia
| | - Kadek Karang Agustina
- Department of Public Health, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali 80225, Indonesia
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Braga KMDS, Cruz VDS, Arnhold E, Araújo EGD. Recycled Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) Shell Ethanolic Extract Induces Apoptosis in Canine Osteosarcoma Cells. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-6891v22e-71198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Osteosarcoma is a mesenchymal cancer associated with high mortality in dogs and in humans. The biodiversity-rich Cerrado, the predominant biome in the Midwest region of Brazil, is native to locally appreciated fruits such as pequi (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb). Although this plant has been frequently used in folk medicine, the pharmacological properties of pequi fruit shells have not been fully evaluated. Thus, this study aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanol extract of recycled pequi shells on canine osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Cells were cultured and treated with final extract concentrations of 0, 0.029 µg/µL, 0.29 µg/µL, and 2.91 µg/µL for 24, 48, or 72 hours. Cell viability assay using trypan blue exclusion method and tetrazolium reduction method, cell survival assay, and double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide were performed in the treated osteosarcoma cells. These allowed the determination of IC50, survival fraction, and type of cell death, respectively. Pequi shell ethanol extract at a concentration of 2.91 µg/µL showed the greatest inhibition of osteosarcoma cell growth in vitro, resulting in a 71.80% decrease in growth compared to the control. The mean IC50 was 155.2 μg/mL at 72 hours. The calculated survival fractions showed that cell growth at 72 hours was 3.33% lower in cells treated with 2.91 µg/µL extract. Results from the double labeling experiment suggest that apoptosis was the predominant type of cell death in cells treated with 2.91 µg/µL extract. These results demonstrate that ethanol extract of recycled pequi shells promotes apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cells.
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Hernández Fuentes LM, Montalvo González E, García Magaña MDL, Anaya Esparza LM, Nolasco González Y, Villagrán Z, González Torres S, Velázquez Monreal JJ, Morelos Flores DA. Current Situation and Perspectives of Fruit Annonaceae in Mexico: Biological and Agronomic Importance and Bioactive Properties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010007. [PMID: 35009011 PMCID: PMC8747276 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Annonaceae family is one of the oldest angiosperms. The genus Annona is the one with the most species and, together with Asimina, the only ones that contain edible fruits. In the last 10 years, interest in these fruit species has increased, mainly due to their nutritional properties and their application in the treatment of human diseases. Mexico is the center of origin for most of them. However, at present much of the basic agronomic information, postharvest handling of the fruits, and their potential as new crops for areas with poor soils in organic matter or semi-dry climates is unknown. It is considered that these custard apple species may be an option to change towards instead of crops that have lost profitability and sustainability. A review of the current state of knowledge in different areas of the species A. muricata, A. macroprophyllata, A. reticulata, A. squamosa, and A. cherimola was carried out and to focus research efforts on the topics of greatest interest and on those where is required to achieve a sustainable production and use of these resources in Mexico. However, knowledge about the cultivation and potential uses of these species is needed to increase their commercialization; the integration of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional groups is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. Hernández Fuentes
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (L.M.H.F.); (E.M.G.); (J.J.V.M.)
| | - Efigenia Montalvo González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (M.d.L.G.M.); (L.M.A.E.); (D.A.M.F.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.H.F.); (E.M.G.); (J.J.V.M.)
| | - Maria de Lourdes García Magaña
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (M.d.L.G.M.); (L.M.A.E.); (D.A.M.F.)
| | - Luis M. Anaya Esparza
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (M.d.L.G.M.); (L.M.A.E.); (D.A.M.F.)
- División de Ciencias Agropecuarias e Ingenierías, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Nolasco González
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Santiago Ixcuintla 63300, Nayarit, Mexico;
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (M.d.L.G.M.); (L.M.A.E.); (D.A.M.F.)
| | - Zuamí Villagrán
- División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.V.); (S.G.T.)
| | - Sughey González Torres
- División de Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos 47620, Jalisco, Mexico; (Z.V.); (S.G.T.)
| | - José Joaquín Velázquez Monreal
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Tecomán 28925, Colima, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.M.H.F.); (E.M.G.); (J.J.V.M.)
| | - David Antonio Morelos Flores
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en Alimentos, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Tepic, Tepic 63175, Nayarit, Mexico; (M.d.L.G.M.); (L.M.A.E.); (D.A.M.F.)
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Shehata MG, Abd El Aziz NM, Youssef MM, El‐Sohaimy SA. Optimization conditions of ultrasound‐assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from orange peels using response surface methodology. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed G. Shehata
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI) City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria21934Egypt
| | - Nourhan M. Abd El Aziz
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI) City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria21934Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Youssef
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University Alexandria21526Egypt
| | - Sobhy A. El‐Sohaimy
- Food Technology Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI) City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA‐City) Alexandria21934Egypt
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport, Tourism and Service South Ural State University Chelyabinsk454080Russia
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Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. and Its Biological Effects on Redox Status, Immunity, and Gut Microflora. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071929. [PMID: 34203524 PMCID: PMC8300390 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities of the Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. (Cd) shrub were investigated considering the biological activity of its phytogenic compounds. Cd shrub encompasses several phenolic compounds, mainly phenolic acids, such as benzoic acid. The methanolic extract of Cd exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Anin vivo study using rabbits as an animal model confirmed the ability of a powder of Cd aerial parts to improve humoral and innate immunity, as well as gastrointestinal microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, Cd shrub represents a novel source of secondary active metabolites that can be employed as antibiotic alternative in the livestock production field and/or in human pharmaceutical applications. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities of a Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. (Cd) shoot methanolic extracts considering the biological activity of its phytogenic compounds. For this purpose, the Cd phenolic compounds were detected, and an in vitro evaluation of the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Cd extract was performed. For a biological evaluation, 30 v-line rabbits were randomly distributed into three groups with treatments including: a basal diet without Cd shoots powder supplement (C group) or supplemented with 1.25- (Cdl group) or 2.5 (Cdh group)-mg Cd/kg dry matter (DM). The Cd extract showed a linear scavenging activity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), with the maximal activity observed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. A total of 16 phenolic compounds were identified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) in the Cd methanolic extract, among which benzoic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, naringenin, and o-coumaric acid were the major compounds. The methanolic extract of Cd showed inhibitory actions against microbial pathogen species. The in vivo study showed that the two concentrations of Cd significantly improved the redox status of the blood plasma and lysozyme activity. Treatment with Cdh significantly decreased the levels of interleukin-β1 in the blood plasma compared with the control. Moreover, the two concentrations of Cd significantly increased the counts of intestinal and cecal yeast and Lactobacillus species and decreased the Salmonella and Coliform species compared with the control. The aerial parts of the Cd shrub had strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory activities, which can improve the overall health status and seem to be related to its impressive range of biologically active phenolic compounds.
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