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Tapanya W, Sangkarit N, Manoy P, Konsanit S. Modified Squat Test for Predicting Knee Muscle Strength in Older Adults. Ann Geriatr Med Res 2024; 28:209-218. [PMID: 38584428 PMCID: PMC11217660 DOI: 10.4235/agmr.24.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods for evaluating the strength of the knee extensor muscles play a vital role in determining the functionality of the lower limbs and monitoring any alterations that occur over time in older individuals. This study assessed the validity of the Modified Squat Test (MST) in predicting knee extensor muscle strength in older adults. METHODS This study included a total of 110 older adults. We collected demographic information such as sex, age, body weight, height, and thigh circumference. Muscle strength was assessed by measuring the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the knee extensors, and by performing the MST (5 and 10 repetitions) and single-leg standing balance test. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate multiple factors impacting the prediction of knee extensor strength. RESULTS Factors such as age, sex, thigh circumference, performance on the single-leg standing eye-open (SSEO) task, and the time required to complete the 10 MST repetitions together explained 77.8% of the variation in knee extensor muscle strength among older adults. We further developed a predictive equation to calculate strength as follows: strength = 36.78 - 0.24 (age) + 6.16 (sex) + 0.19 (thigh circumference) + 0.05 (SSEO) - 0.54 (time required to complete 10 MST repetitions) ± 5.51 kg. CONCLUSION The 10-repetition MST is an invaluable instrument for establishing an equation to accurately predict lower limb muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerasak Tapanya
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Noppharath Sangkarit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Pacharee Manoy
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Saisunee Konsanit
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
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Almeida H, Lage V, Taiar R, Santos J, de Paula F, Rapin A, Sá-Caputo D, Bernardo-Filho M, Lacerda A, Mendonça V. Effect of whole-body vibration stimulation on plasma soluble TNF receptors in elderly with sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial. Braz J Med Biol Res 2024; 57:e13282. [PMID: 38656072 PMCID: PMC11027183 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2024e13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a pathology resulting from a progressive and severe loss of muscle mass, strength, and function in the course of aging, which has deleterious consequences on quality of life. Among the most widespread studies on the issue are those focused on the effect of different types of physical exercise on patients with sarcopenia. This randomized controlled study aimed to compare the effects of a whole-body vibration exercise (WBV) session on the inflammatory parameters of non-sarcopenic (NSG, n=22) and sarcopenic elderly (SG, n=22). NSG and SG participants were randomly divided into two protocols: intervention (squat with WBV) and control (squat without WBV). After a one-week washout period, participants switched protocols, so that everyone performed both protocols. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy radiological absorptiometry (DXA) and function through the six-minute walk test (6MWD) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Plasma soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFR) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and measured before and immediately after each protocol. After exercise with WBV, there was an increase in sTNFR2 levels in the NSG (P<0.01; d=-0.69 (-1.30; -0.08) and SG (P<0.01, d=-0.95 (-1.57; -0.32) groups. In conclusion, an acute session of WBV influenced sTNFr2 levels, with sarcopenic individuals showing a greater effect. This suggested that WBV had a more pronounced impact on sTNFr2 in those with loss of muscle strength and/or physical performance. Additionally, WBV is gaining recognition as an efficient strategy for those with persistent health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.C. Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - V.K.S. Lage
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R. Taiar
- MATIM, Moulin de la Housse, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - J.M. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - F.A. de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - A. Rapin
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Hôpital Sébastopol, Département de Médecine Physique et de Réadaptation, Reims, France
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Faculté de Médecine, Reims, France
| | - D.C. Sá-Caputo
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - M. Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes e Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - A.C.R. Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - V.A. Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Sociedade Brasileira de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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Ogawa M, Hashimoto Y, Mochizuki Y, Inoguchi T, Kouzuma A, Deguchi M, Saito M, Homma H, Kikuchi N, Okamoto T. Effects of free weight and body mass-based resistance training on thigh muscle size, strength and intramuscular fat in healthy young and middle-aged individuals. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:975-985. [PMID: 37133323 PMCID: PMC10988481 DOI: 10.1113/ep090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How do free weight resistance training (RT) and body mass-based RT for 8 weeks compare for isometric muscular strength, muscle size and intramuscular fat (IMF) content in the quadriceps femoris? What is the main finding and its importance? Free weight and body mass-based RTs could induce muscle hypertrophy; however, decreased IMF content was observed following the body mass-based RT alone. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of free weight and body mass-based resistance training (RT) on muscle size and thigh intramuscular fat (IMF) in young and middle-aged individuals. Healthy individuals (aged 30-64 years) were assigned to either a free weight RT group (n = 21) or a body mass-based RT group (n = 16). Both groups performed whole-body resistance exercise twice a week for 8 weeks. Free weight resistance exercises (squats, bench press, deadlift, dumbbell rows and back range) involved 70% one repetition maximum, with three sets of 8-12 repetitions per exercise. The nine body mass-based resistance exercises (leg raise, squats, rear raise, overhead shoulder mobility exercise, rowing, dips, lunge, single-leg Romanian deadlifts and push-ups) included the maximum possible repetitions per session, which were performed in one or two sets. Mid-thigh magnetic resonance images using the two-point Dixon method were taken pre- and post-training. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and IMF content in the quadriceps femoris were measured from the images. Both the groups showed significantly increased muscle CSA post-training (free weight RT group, P = 0.001; body mass-based RT group, P = 0.002). IMF content in the body mass-based RT group significantly decreased (P = 0.036) but did not significantly change in the free weight RT group (P = 0.076). These results suggest that the free weight and body mass-based RTs could induce muscle hypertrophy; however, in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, decreased IMF content was induced following the body mass-based RT alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madoka Ogawa
- Faculty of SociologyKyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita‐kuKyotoJapan
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yukina Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takamichi Inoguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ayumu Kouzuma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minoru Deguchi
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mika Saito
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroki Homma
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Faculty of Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversityTokyoJapan
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Effects of home-based bodyweight squat training on neuromuscular properties in community-dwelling older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1043-1053. [PMID: 36853505 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to investigate neural as well as muscle morphological adaptations to evaluate the effects of exercise training on older adults. AIMS This study was aimed to investigate the effects of home-based bodyweight squat training on neuromuscular adaptation in older adults. METHODS Twenty-five community-dwelling older adults (77.7 ± 5.0 years) were assigned to squat (SQU) or control (CON) groups. Those in the SQU group performed 100 bodyweight squats every day and the others in the CON group only performed daily activities for 4 months. Maximum knee extension torque and high-density surface electromyography during submaximal contraction were assessed. Individual motor units (MUs) were identified and divided into relatively low or high-recruitment threshold MU groups. Firing rates of each MU group were calculated. The muscle thickness and echo intensity of the lateral thigh were assessed using ultrasound. As physical tests, usual gait speed, timed up and go test, grip strength, and five-time chair stand test were performed. RESULTS While no improvements in muscle strength, muscle thickness, echo intensity, or physical tests were noted in either group, the firing rate of relatively low recruitment threshold MUs significantly decreased in the SQU group after intervention. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that low-intensity home-based squat training could not improve markedly muscle strength or physical functions even if high-repetition and high frequency exercise, but could modulate slightly neural activation in community-dwelling older adults.
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Kassiano W, Costa B, Nunes JP, Ribeiro AS, Schoenfeld BJ, Cyrino ES. Which ROMs Lead to Rome? A Systematic Review of the Effects of Range of Motion on Muscle Hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:1135-1144. [PMID: 36662126 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Kassiano, W, Costa, B, Nunes, JP, Ribeiro, AS, Schoenfeld, BJ, and Cyrino, ES. Which ROMs lead to Rome? a systematic review of the effects of range of motion on muscle hypertrophy. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-Resistance exercise range of motion (ROM) influences muscular adaptations. However, there are no consistent practical guidelines about the optimal ROM for maximizing muscle hypertrophy. The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature for studies that compared the effects of full ROM (fROM) and partial ROM (pROM) on muscle hypertrophy. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify articles from the earliest record up to and including April 2022. We calculated the effect size (ES) scores of the variables of interest. Eleven studies were included in the review. Full ROM and pROM performed in the initial part of the ROM elicited greater muscle hypertrophy of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps brachii, and brachialis distal sites (between-groups ES: 0.20-0.90) than pROM performed in the final part of the ROM. fROM elicited greater muscle growth on the gluteus maximus and adductors than pROM in the final part of the ROM (between-groups ES: 0.24-0.25). Initial pROM produced more favorable proximal rectus femoris hypertrophy than fROM (between-groups ES: 0.35-0.38). pROM in the middle part of the ROM elicited greater triceps brachii hypertrophy than fROM (between-group ES: 1.21). In conclusion, evidence suggests that when training at a longer muscle length-through either pROM or fROM-some muscles, such as quadriceps femoris, biceps brachii, and triceps brachii, tend to experience optimal growth. Thus, the use pROM in the initial part of the excursion in combination with fROM training should be considered when prescribing hypertrophy-oriented resistance training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witalo Kassiano
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Costa
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Nunes
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Alex S Ribeiro
- Center for Research in Health Sciences, University Pitágoras UNOPAR, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Metabolism, Nutrition and Exercise Laboratory, Physical Education and Sport Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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