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Overvliet KE, Postma A, Röder B. Child development and the role of visual experience in the use of spatial and non-spatial features in haptic object perception. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105885. [PMID: 38471382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Previous work has suggested a different developmental timeline and role of visual experience for the use of spatial and non-spatial features in haptic object recognition. To investigate this conjecture, we used a haptic ambiguous odd-one-out task in which one object needed to be selected as being different from two other objects. The odd-one-out could be selected based on four characteristics: size, shape (spatial), texture, and weight (non-spatial). We tested sighted children from 4 to 12 years of age; congenitally blind, late blind, and adult participants with low vision; and normally sighted adults. Given the protracted developmental time course for spatial perception, we expected a shift from a preference for non-spatial features toward spatial features during typical development. Due to the dominant influence of vision for spatial perception, we expected congenitally blind adults to show a similar preference for non-spatial features as the youngest children. The results confirmed our first hypothesis; the 4-year-olds demonstrated a lower dominance for spatial features for object classification compared with older children and sighted adults. In contrast, our second hypothesis was not confirmed; congenitally blind adults' preferred categorization criteria were indistinguishable from those of sighted controls. These findings suggest an early development, but late maturation, of spatial processing in haptic object recognition independent of visual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista E Overvliet
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Postma
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad 500 034, India
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2
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Bruns P, Röder B. Development and experience-dependence of multisensory spatial processing. Trends Cogn Sci 2023; 27:961-973. [PMID: 37208286 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multisensory spatial processes are fundamental for efficient interaction with the world. They include not only the integration of spatial cues across sensory modalities, but also the adjustment or recalibration of spatial representations to changing cue reliabilities, crossmodal correspondences, and causal structures. Yet how multisensory spatial functions emerge during ontogeny is poorly understood. New results suggest that temporal synchrony and enhanced multisensory associative learning capabilities first guide causal inference and initiate early coarse multisensory integration capabilities. These multisensory percepts are crucial for the alignment of spatial maps across sensory systems, and are used to derive more stable biases for adult crossmodal recalibration. The refinement of multisensory spatial integration with increasing age is further promoted by the inclusion of higher-order knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bruns
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Piller S, Senna I, Ernst MO. Visual experience shapes the Bouba-Kiki effect and the size-weight illusion upon sight restoration from congenital blindness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11435. [PMID: 37454205 PMCID: PMC10349879 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Bouba-Kiki effect is the systematic mapping between round/spiky shapes and speech sounds ("Bouba"/"Kiki"). In the size-weight illusion, participants judge the smaller of two equally-weighted objects as being heavier. Here we investigated the contribution of visual experience to the development of these phenomena. We compared three groups: early blind individuals (no visual experience), individuals treated for congenital cataracts years after birth (late visual experience), and typically sighted controls (visual experience from birth). We found that, in cataract-treated participants (tested visually/visuo-haptically), both phenomena are absent shortly after sight onset, just like in blind individuals (tested haptically). However, they emerge within months following surgery, becoming statistically indistinguishable from the sighted controls. This suggests a pivotal role of visual experience and refutes the existence of an early sensitive period: A short period of experience, even when gained only years after birth, is sufficient for participants to visually pick-up regularities in the environment, contributing to the development of these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piller
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
- Transfer Center for Neuroscience and Education (ZNL), Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Irene Senna
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marc O Ernst
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Piller S, Senna I, Wiebusch D, Ben-Zion I, Ernst MO. Grasping behavior does not recover after sight restoration from congenital blindness. Curr Biol 2023; 33:2104-2110.e4. [PMID: 37130520 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether early visual input is essential for establishing the ability to use predictions in the control of actions and for perception. To successfully interact with objects, it is necessary to pre-program bodily actions such as grasping movements (feedforward control). Feedforward control requires a model for making predictions, which is typically shaped by previous sensory experience and interaction with the environment.1 Vision is the most crucial sense for establishing such predictions.2,3 We typically rely on visual estimations of the to-be-grasped object's size and weight in order to scale grip force and hand aperture accordingly.4,5,6 Size-weight expectations play a role also for perception, as evident in the size-weight illusion (SWI), in which the smaller of two equal-weight objects is misjudged to be heavier.7,8 Here, we investigated predictions for action and perception by testing the development of feedforward controlled grasping and of the SWI in young individuals surgically treated for congenital cataracts several years after birth. Surprisingly, what typically developing individuals do easily within the first years of life, namely to adeptly grasp new objects based on visually predicted properties, cataract-treated individuals did not learn after years of visual experience. Contrary, the SWI exhibited significant development. Even though the two tasks differ in substantial ways, these results may suggest a potential dissociation in using visual experience to make predictions about an object's features for perception or action. What seems a very simple task-picking up small objects-is in truth a highly complex computation that necessitates early structured visual input to develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Piller
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Transfer Center for Neuroscience and Education (ZNL), Ulm University, Parkstraße 11, 89073 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Irene Senna
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany; Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Hope Park, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Dennis Wiebusch
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Itay Ben-Zion
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Service, Padeh Medical Center, Tiberias 1528001, Israel
| | - Marc O Ernst
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 43, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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Bean NL, Smyre SA, Stein BE, Rowland BA. Noise-rearing precludes the behavioral benefits of multisensory integration. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:948-958. [PMID: 35332919 PMCID: PMC9930622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Concordant visual-auditory stimuli enhance the responses of individual superior colliculus (SC) neurons. This neuronal capacity for "multisensory integration" is not innate: it is acquired only after substantial cross-modal (e.g. auditory-visual) experience. Masking transient auditory cues by raising animals in omnidirectional sound ("noise-rearing") precludes their ability to obtain this experience and the ability of the SC to construct a normal multisensory (auditory-visual) transform. SC responses to combinations of concordant visual-auditory stimuli are depressed, rather than enhanced. The present experiments examined the behavioral consequence of this rearing condition in a simple detection/localization task. In the first experiment, the auditory component of the concordant cross-modal pair was novel, and only the visual stimulus was a target. In the second experiment, both component stimuli were targets. Noise-reared animals failed to show multisensory performance benefits in either experiment. These results reveal a close parallel between behavior and single neuron physiology in the multisensory deficits that are induced when noise disrupts early visual-auditory experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi L Bean
- Corresponding author: Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | | | - Barry E Stein
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Benjamin A Rowland
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston Salem, NC 27157, United States
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May E, Arach P, Kishiki E, Geneau R, Maehara G, Sukhai M, Hamm LM. Learning to see after early and extended blindness: A scoping review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:954328. [PMID: 36389599 PMCID: PMC9648338 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.954328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE If an individual has been blind since birth due to a treatable eye condition, ocular treatment is urgent. Even a brief period of visual deprivation can alter the development of the visual system. The goal of our structured scoping review was to understand how we might better support children with delayed access to ocular treatment for blinding conditions. METHOD We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for peer-reviewed publications that described the impact of early (within the first year) and extended (lasting at least 2 years) bilateral visual deprivation. RESULTS Of 551 reports independently screened by two authors, 42 studies met our inclusion criteria. Synthesizing extracted data revealed several trends. The data suggests persistent deficits in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, global motion, and visual-motor integration, and suspected concerns for understanding complex objects and faces. There is evidence for resilience in color perception, understanding of simple shapes, discriminating between a face and non-face, and the perception of biological motion. There is currently insufficient data about specific (re)habilitation strategies to update low vision services, but there are several insights to guide future research in this domain. CONCLUSION This summary will help guide the research and services provision to help children learn to see after early and extended blindness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise May
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Robert Geneau
- Kilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Moshi, Tanzania
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Goro Maehara
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mahadeo Sukhai
- Accessibility, Research and International Affairs, Canadian National Institute for the Blind, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa M. Hamm
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Ryu T, Park J, Bitkina OV. Effect on Perceived Weight of Object Shapes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9877. [PMID: 36011512 PMCID: PMC9408783 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perceived weight of an object is an important research topic in terms of sensation and perception, and it is known that it has size-weight, color-weight, and material-weight illusions due to the influence of size, color, and material, as well as the weight of the object. Although the physical size of an object is measured by volume, the size of an object that we subjectively feel depends on the shape of the object, even if it has the same volume. Therefore, the shape of the object may determine the perceived size of the object, thereby changing its perceived weight accordingly. These cognitive factors play an important role in the period of rehabilitation therapy after an exacerbation or attack of neurological diseases, such as stroke or Parkinson's disease, regarding the motor functions of the patient. Moreover, the study of these sensation and perception factors is important for the period of the early development of children, for example, for tracking and correcting fine motor skills. Existing related studies analyzed the perceived weight according to three shapes (tetrahedron, cube, and sphere), but only some shapes showed a difference in the perceived weight. This study attempted to demonstrate the difference in perceived weight according to the shape that has yet to be clearly identified. To this end, this study investigated objects with the same physical size (volume) as in previous studies, but in the shapes of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. In addition, the volumes of these objects were set to 64,000 cm3, 125,000 cm3, and 216,000 cm3, and their weights were set to be 100 g, 150 g, and 200 g, in proportion to the size of the small, medium, and large volumes, respectively. Thirty-eight college students (21 males, 17 females) participated and the perceived weight of a given object compared to a reference object was evaluated according to the modulus method used for sensory size measurement. The analysis of the experimental data found that both weight (volume) and shape had significant effects on the perceived weight. The results support that the shape of objects also led to the size-weight illusion phenomenon. At the same weight (volume), the perceived weight of an object according to shape decreased significantly in the order of sphere, cube, and tetrahedron. At the same volume level, subjective size according to shape is small in the order of tetrahedron, cube, and sphere. The results of weight perception according to shape in this study showed that the subjective size of an object according to shape had an effect on perceived weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taebeum Ryu
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea
| | - Jaehyun Park
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Olga Vl. Bitkina
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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Bruns P, Li L, Guerreiro MJ, Shareef I, Rajendran SS, Pitchaimuthu K, Kekunnaya R, Röder B. Audiovisual spatial recalibration but not integration is shaped by early sensory experience. iScience 2022; 25:104439. [PMID: 35874923 PMCID: PMC9301879 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bruns
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
| | - Lux Li
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
| | - Maria J.S. Guerreiro
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Biological Psychology, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, 26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Idris Shareef
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Siddhart S. Rajendran
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Kabilan Pitchaimuthu
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Ramesh Kekunnaya
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children’s Eye Care Centre, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana 500034, India
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Smeets JBJ, Vos K, Abbink E, Plaisier M. Size, weight, and expectations. Perception 2022; 51:344-353. [PMID: 35354343 PMCID: PMC9014675 DOI: 10.1177/03010066221087404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The size-weight illusion is well-known: if two equally heavy objects differ in size, the
large one feels lighter than the small one. Most explanations for this illusion assume
that because the information about the relevant attribute (weight itself) is unreliable,
information about an irrelevant but correlated attribute (size) is used as well. If such
reasoning is correct, one would expect that the illusion can be inverted: if size
information is unreliable, weight information will be used to judge size. We explored
whether such a weight-size illusion exists by asking participants to lift Styrofoam balls
that were coated with glow in the dark paint. The balls (2 sizes, 3 weights) were lifted
using a pulley system in complete darkness at 2 distances. Participants reported the size
using free magnitude estimation. The visual size information was indeed unreliable: balls
that were presented at a 20% larger distance were judged 15% smaller. Nevertheless, the
judgments of size were not systematically affected by the 20% weight change (differences
< 0.5%). We conclude that because the weight-size illusion does not exist, the
mechanism behind the size-weight illusion is specific for judging heaviness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Vos
- 1190Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Abbink
- 1190Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe Plaisier
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; 200733Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Feng Y, Collignon O, Maurer D, Yao K, Gao X. Brief Postnatal Visual Deprivation Triggers Long-Lasting Interactive Structural and Functional Reorganization of the Human Cortex. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:752021. [PMID: 34869446 PMCID: PMC8635780 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.752021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients treated for bilateral congenital cataracts provide a unique model to test the role of early visual input in shaping the development of the human cortex. Previous studies showed that brief early visual deprivation triggers long-lasting changes in the human visual cortex. However, it remains unknown if such changes interact with the development of other parts of the cortex. With high-resolution structural and resting-state fMRI images, we found changes in cortical thickness within, but not limited to, the visual cortex in adult patients, who experienced transient visual deprivation early in life as a result of congenital cataracts. Importantly, the covariation of cortical thickness across regions was also altered in the patients. The areas with altered cortical thickness in patients also showed differences in functional connectivity between patients and normally sighted controls. Together, the current findings suggest an impact of early visual deprivation on the interactive development of the human cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Feng
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Olivier Collignon
- Institute of Research in Psychology/Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Centro Interdipartimentale Mente/Cervello, Università di Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Daphne Maurer
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- Center for Psychological Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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