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Zhang J, Cai X, Dou R, Guo C, Tang J, Hu Y, Chen H, Chen J. Poly(β-amino ester)s-based nanovehicles: Structural regulation and gene delivery. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:568-581. [PMID: 37200860 PMCID: PMC10185705 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The first poly(β-amino) esters (PβAEs) were synthesized more than 40 years ago. Since 2000, PβAEs have been found to have excellent biocompatibility and the capability of ferrying gene molecules. Moreover, the synthesis process of PβAEs is simple, the monomers are readily available, and the polymer structure can be tailored to meet different gene delivery needs by adjusting the monomer type, monomer ratio, reaction time, etc. Therefore, PβAEs are a promising class of non-viral gene vector materials. This review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the synthesis and correlated properties of PβAEs and summarizes the progress of each type of PβAE for gene delivery. The review focuses in particular on the rational design of PβAE structures, thoroughly discusses the correlations between intrinsic structure and effect, and then finishes with the applications and perspectives of PβAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Dou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Jiaruo Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing 100730, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
- Corresponding author: Hanqing Chen, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author: Jun Chen, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Multi-disciplinary Research Division, Institute of High Energy Physics and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
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'Lights, squaraines, action!' - the role of squaraine dyes in photodynamic therapy. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1375-1402. [PMID: 36069190 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since they were first synthesized in 1965 by Treibs and Jacob, squaraine dyes have revolutionized the polymethine dyes' 'universe' and their potential applications due to their indisputable physical, chemical and biological properties. After 30 years and up to the present, various research teams have dedicated themselves to studying the squaraines' photodynamic therapy application using in vitro and in vivo models. The various structural modifications made to these compounds, as well as the influence they have shown to have in their phototherapeutic activity, are the main focus of the present review. Finally, the most evident limitations of this class of dyes, as well as future perspectives in the sense of hypothetically successfully overcoming them, are suggested by the authors.
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Du A, Li S, Zhou Y, Disoma C, Liao Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Yang Q, Liu P, Liu S, Dong Z, Razzaq A, Tao S, Chen X, Liu Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Li S, Peng J, Xia Z. M6A-mediated upregulation of circMDK promotes tumorigenesis and acts as a nanotherapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:109. [PMID: 35524319 PMCID: PMC9074191 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggest the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in disease development especially in various cancers. However, the oncogenic role of circRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still largely unknown. Methods RNA sequencing was performed to identify significantly upregulated circRNAs in paired HCC tissues and non-tumor tissues. CCK-8 assay, colony formation, transwell, and xenograft mouse models were used to investigate the role of circRNAs in HCC proliferation and metastasis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence gene expression. RNA immunoprecipitation, biotin pull-down, RNA pull-down, luciferase reporter assay and western blot were used to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Hsa_circ_0095868, derived from exon 5 of the MDK gene (named circMDK), was identified as a new oncogenic circRNA that was significantly upregulated in HCC. The upregulation of circMDK was associated with the modification of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and poor survival in HCC patients. Mechanistically, circMDK sponged miR-346 and miR-874-3p to upregulate ATG16L1 (Autophagy Related 16 Like 1), resulting to the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Poly (β-amino esters) (PAEs) were synthesized to assist the delivery of circMDK siRNA (PAE-siRNA), which effectively inhibited tumor progression without obvious adverse effects in four liver tumor models including subcutaneous, metastatic, orthotopic and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. Conclusions CircMDK could serve as a potential tumor biomarker that promotes the progression of HCC via the miR-346/874-3p-ATG16L1 axis. The PAE-based delivery of siRNA improved the stability and efficiency of siRNA targeting circMDK. The PAE-siRNA nanoparticles effectively inhibited HCC proliferation and metastasis in vivo. Our current findings offer a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of HCC. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01575-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashuai Du
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China.,Department of Infection Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550000, Guiyang, China
| | - Shiqin Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Cyrollah Disoma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zongpeng Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qinglong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550000, Guiyang, China
| | - Pinjia Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Sixu Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Zijun Dong
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Siyi Tao
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lunan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Qianjun Zhang
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Shanni Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Zanxian Xia
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, China. .,Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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Liu H, Pietersz G, Peter K, Wang X. Nanobiotechnology approaches for cardiovascular diseases: site-specific targeting of drugs and nanoparticles for atherothrombosis. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:75. [PMID: 35135581 PMCID: PMC8822797 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis, the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), represent the leading cause of death worldwide. Current pharmacological therapies have been associated with side effects or are insufficient at halting atherosclerotic progression effectively. Pioneering work harnessing the passive diffusion or endocytosis properties of nanoparticles and advanced biotechnologies in creating recombinant proteins for site-specific delivery have been utilized to overcome these limitations. Since CVDs are complex diseases, the most challenging aspect of developing site-specific therapies is the identification of an individual and unique antigenic epitope that is only expressed in lesions or diseased areas. This review focuses on the pathological mechanism of atherothrombosis and discusses the unique targets that are important during disease progression. We review recent advances in site-specific therapy using novel targeted drug-delivery and nanoparticle-carrier systems. Furthermore, we explore the limitations and future perspectives of site-specific therapy for CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikun Liu
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Molecular Imaging and Theranostics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Digby EM, Ma T, Zipfel WR, Milstein JN, Beharry AA. Highly Potent Photoinactivation of Bacteria Using a Water-Soluble, Cell-Permeable, DNA-Binding Photosensitizer. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:3052-3061. [PMID: 34617443 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) employs a photosensitizer, light, and molecular oxygen to treat infectious diseases via oxidative damage, with a low likelihood for the development of resistance. For optimal APDT efficacy, photosensitizers with cationic charges that can permeate bacteria cells and bind intracellular targets are desired to not limit oxidative damage to the outer bacterial structure. Here we report the application of brominated DAPI (Br-DAPI), a water-soluble, DNA-binding photosensitizer for the eradication of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (as demonstrated on N99 Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, respectively). We observe intracellular uptake of Br-DAPI, ROS-mediated bacterial cell death via one- and two-photon excitation, and selective photocytotoxicity of bacteria over mammalian cells. Photocytotoxicity of both N99 E. coli and B. subtilis occurred at submicromolar concentrations (IC50 = 0.2-0.4 μM) and low light doses (5 min irradiation times, 4.5 J cm-2 dose), making it superior to commonly employed APDT phenothiazinium photosensitizers such as methylene blue. Given its high potency and two-photon excitability, Br-DAPI is a promising novel photosensitizer for in vivo APDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M. Digby
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Warren R. Zipfel
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Joshua N. Milstein
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Andrew A. Beharry
- Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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