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Yazdani M, Howse E, Tay WT, Spafford H, van Klinken RD. Lure specificity, phenology, and damage caused by Epiphyas moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Western Australian apple orchards. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024:toae162. [PMID: 39046823 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple Epiphyas species inhabit southwestern Western Australia, including Light Brown Apple Moth (LBAM) Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a globally significant, polyphagous pest. This study evaluated the efficacy and specificity of lures designed for 3 Epiphyas species: E. postvittana, Epiphyas pulla (Turner), and the undescribed Epiphyas sp. (1) (Common). Additionally, the study sought to determine the presence and distribution of Epiphyas species in 3 significant apple-growing localities. Trapping, together with partial sequencing of the mitochondrial COI gene, found LBAM to be restricted to the Perth Hills and E. pulla, to apple orchards near Manjimup and Pemberton. This geographic disjunction remains unexplained. Epiphyas sp. (1) was not recorded despite using a specifically designed lure. The E. pulla and LBAM traps demonstrated superior efficacy in capturing their target species, while the catch in Epiphyas sp. (1) traps did not significantly differ between the 2. Both E. pulla and LBAM exhibited peak abundance from late spring to the end of summer (October-February), with variations in timing and peak catch of male moths across species, locations, and years. Surveys conducted in April during the harvest period (February-May), when moth traps caught an average of 1-1.8 moths/trap/week, found no Epiphyas larvae or damage on 140,400 mature apples or on 26,000 leaves. While E. pulla and LBAM traps effectively monitor their target moths, genetic identification of trap catch would be necessary if they co-occurred. Encouragingly, the results indicate that both species become relatively rare as harvest season approaches, and neither inflicts significant damage to mature apples under existing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yazdani
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO ), Health & Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
| | - Elliot Howse
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO ), Health & Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Helen Spafford
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rieks D van Klinken
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO ), Health & Biosecurity, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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Wang HL, Lei T, Wang XW, Cameron S, Navas-Castillo J, Liu YQ, Maruthi MN, Omongo CA, Delatte H, Lee KY, Krause-Sakate R, Ng J, Seal S, Fiallo-Olivé E, Bushley K, Colvin J, Liu SS. A comprehensive framework for the delimitation of species within the Bemisia tabaci cryptic complex, a global pest-species group. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38562016 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Identifying cryptic species poses a substantial challenge to both biologists and naturalists due to morphological similarities. Bemisia tabaci is a cryptic species complex containing more than 44 putative species; several of which are currently among the world's most destructive crop pests. Interpreting and delimiting the evolution of this species complex has proved problematic. To develop a comprehensive framework for species delimitation and identification, we evaluated the performance of distinct data sources both individually and in combination among numerous samples of the B. tabaci species complex acquired worldwide. Distinct datasets include full mitogenomes, single-copy nuclear genes, restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, geographic range, host speciation, and reproductive compatibility datasets. Phylogenetically, our well-supported topologies generated from three dense molecular markers highlighted the evolutionary divergence of species of the B. tabaci complex and suggested that the nuclear markers serve as a more accurate representation of B. tabaci species diversity. Reproductive compatibility datasets facilitated the identification of at least 17 different cryptic species within our samples. Native geographic range information provides a complementary assessment of species recognition, while the host range datasets provide low rate of delimiting resolution. We further summarized different data performances in species classification when compared with reproductive compatibility, indicating that combination of mtCOI divergence, nuclear markers, geographic range provide a complementary assessment of species recognition. Finally, we represent a model for understanding and untangling the cryptic species complexes based on the evidence from this study and previously published articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Ling Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
- The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Teng Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Wang
- The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stephen Cameron
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Malaga, Spain
| | - Yin-Quan Liu
- The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M N Maruthi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | | | - Hélène Delatte
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT CIRAD, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, Saint-Pierre, France
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - James Ng
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Malaga, Spain
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, 17123, Emerging Pests and Pathogens Research Unit, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Shu-Sheng Liu
- The Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Campbell LI, Nwezeobi J, van Brunschot SL, Kaweesi T, Seal SE, Swamy RAR, Namuddu A, Maslen GL, Mugerwa H, Armean IM, Haggerty L, Martin FJ, Malka O, Santos-Garcia D, Juravel K, Morin S, Stephens ME, Muhindira PV, Kersey PJ, Maruthi MN, Omongo CA, Navas-Castillo J, Fiallo-Olivé E, Mohammed IU, Wang HL, Onyeka J, Alicai T, Colvin J. Comparative evolutionary analyses of eight whitefly Bemisia tabaci sensu lato genomes: cryptic species, agricultural pests and plant-virus vectors. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:408. [PMID: 37468834 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The group of > 40 cryptic whitefly species called Bemisia tabaci sensu lato are amongst the world's worst agricultural pests and plant-virus vectors. Outbreaks of B. tabaci s.l. and the associated plant-virus diseases continue to contribute to global food insecurity and social instability, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Published B. tabaci s.l. genomes have limited use for studying African cassava B. tabaci SSA1 species, due to the high genetic divergences between them. Genomic annotations presented here were performed using the 'Ensembl gene annotation system', to ensure that comparative analyses and conclusions reflect biological differences, as opposed to arising from different methodologies underpinning transcript model identification. RESULTS We present here six new B. tabaci s.l. genomes from Africa and Asia, and two re-annotated previously published genomes, to provide evolutionary insights into these globally distributed pests. Genome sizes ranged between 616-658 Mb and exhibited some of the highest coverage of transposable elements reported within Arthropoda. Many fewer total protein coding genes (PCG) were recovered compared to the previously published B. tabaci s.l. genomes and structural annotations generated via the uniform methodology strongly supported a repertoire of between 12.8-13.2 × 103 PCG. An integrative systematics approach incorporating phylogenomic analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial markers supported a monophyletic Aleyrodidae and the basal positioning of B. tabaci Uganda-1 to the sub-Saharan group of species. Reciprocal cross-mating data and the co-cladogenesis pattern of the primary obligate endosymbiont 'Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum' from 11 Bemisia genomes further supported the phylogenetic reconstruction to show that African cassava B. tabaci populations consist of just three biological species. We include comparative analyses of gene families related to detoxification, sugar metabolism, vector competency and evaluate the presence and function of horizontally transferred genes, essential for understanding the evolution and unique biology of constituent B. tabaci. s.l species. CONCLUSIONS These genomic resources have provided new and critical insights into the genetics underlying B. tabaci s.l. biology. They also provide a rich foundation for post-genomic research, including the selection of candidate gene-targets for innovative whitefly and virus-control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lahcen I Campbell
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Joachim Nwezeobi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK.
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, Hinxton, UK.
| | - Sharon L van Brunschot
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tadeo Kaweesi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fort Portal, Uganda
| | - Susan E Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Rekha A R Swamy
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | - Annet Namuddu
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gareth L Maslen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, UK
| | - Habibu Mugerwa
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Irina M Armean
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leanne Haggerty
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergal J Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Osnat Malka
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Diego Santos-Garcia
- CNRS, Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology UMR 5558, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Center for Biology and Management of Populations, INRAe UMR1062, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - Ksenia Juravel
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shai Morin
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Paul Visendi Muhindira
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul J Kersey
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, UK
| | - M N Maruthi
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
| | | | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical Y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | - Elvira Fiallo-Olivé
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical Y Mediterránea "La Mayora" (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Algarrobo-Costa, Spain
| | | | - Hua-Ling Wang
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Joseph Onyeka
- National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI), Umudike, Nigeria
| | - Titus Alicai
- National Crops Resources Research Institute, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, UK
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4
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Brown JK, Paredes-Montero JR, Stocks IC. The Bemisia tabaci cryptic (sibling) species group - imperative for a taxonomic reassessment. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 57:101032. [PMID: 37030511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The taxonomy of the Bemisia tabaci cryptic species group remains a challenge due to the lack of morphological differentiation and porous species boundaries among its members. Additionally, it is unclear whether B. tabaci consists of several species in evolutionary stasis with limited morphological change or is the result of a recent adaptive radiation characterized by great ecological diversity but little morphological divergence. Here, a historical overview of the development of the nomenclature used to classify B. tabaci is provided covering changes after synonymizing several species in 1957 until recent insights gained from whole-genome sequencing data. The article discusses the limitations of using a 3.5% mtCOI threshold and argues that a 1% nuclear divergence cutoff better reflects ecological and biogeographic species boundaries. Finally, a plan of action is outlined for naming B. tabaci species using a Latin binomial system in accordance with the International Comission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
| | - Jorge R Paredes-Montero
- Biology Department, Saginaw Valley State University, University Center, MI 48710, United States; Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
| | - Ian C Stocks
- Animal and Plant Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine, USDA, Rm. 320, Bldg. 003, Beltsville, MD 20705, United States.
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5
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Arias MB, Hartle-Mougiou K, Taboada S, Vogler AP, Riesgo A, Elfekih S. Unveiling biogeographic patterns in the worldwide distributed Ceratitis capitata (medfly) using populations genomics and microbiome composition. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4866-4883. [PMID: 35838255 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Invasive species are among the most important, growing threats to food security and agricultural systems. The Mediterranean medfly, Ceratitis capitata, is one of the most damaging representatives of a group of rapidly expanding species in the Tephritidae family, due to their wide host range and high invasiveness potential. Here, we used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) to investigate the population genomic structure and phylogeographic history of medflies collected from six sampling sites, including Africa (South Africa), the Mediterranean (Spain, Greece), Latin America (Guatemala, Brazil) and Australia. A total of 1,907 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to identify two genetic clusters separating native and introduced ranges, consistent with previous findings. In the introduced range, all individuals were assigned to one genetic cluster except for those in Brazil, which showed introgression of an additional genetic cluster that also appeared in South Africa, and which could not be previously identified using microsatellite markers. Moreover, we assessed the microbial composition variations in medfly populations from selected sampling sites using amplicon sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (V4 region). Microbiome composition and structure were highly similar across geographic regions and host plants, and only the Brazilian specimens showed increased diversity levels and a unique composition of its microbiome compared to other sampling sites. The unique SNP patterns and microbiome features in the Brazilian specimens could point to a direct migration route from Africa with subsequent adaptation of the microbiota to the specific conditions present in Brazil. These findings significantly improve our understanding of the evolutionary history of the global medfly invasions and their adaptation to newly colonised environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Arias
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Katherine Hartle-Mougiou
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Sergi Taboada
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Ana Riesgo
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK.,Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museum Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samia Elfekih
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Black Mountain, Canberra, Australia.,PEARG, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne VIC, Australia
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6
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Kanyesigye D, Alibu VP, Tay WT, Nalela P, Paparu P, Olaboro S, Nkalubo ST, Kayondo IS, Silva G, Seal SE, Otim MH. Population Genetic Structure of the Bean Leaf Beetle Ootheca mutabilis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Uganda. INSECTS 2022; 13:543. [PMID: 35735880 PMCID: PMC9225125 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bean leaf beetle (BLB) (Ootheca mutabilis) has emerged as an important bean pest in Uganda, leading to devastating crop losses. There is limited information on the population genetic structure of BLB despite its importance. In this study, novel microsatellite DNA markers and the partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene sequences were used to analyze the spatial population genetic structure, genetic differentiation and haplotype diversity of 86 O. mutabilis samples from 16 (districts) populations. We identified 19,356 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) (mono, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotides) of which 81 di, tri and tetra-nucleotides were selected for primer synthesis. Five highly polymorphic SSR markers (4-21 alleles, heterozygosity 0.59-0.84, polymorphic information content (PIC) 50.13-83.14%) were used for this study. Analyses of the 16 O. mutabilis populations with these five novel SSRs found nearly all the genetic variation occurring within populations and there was no evidence of genetic differentiation detected for both types of markers. Also, there was no evidence of isolation by distance between geographical and genetic distances for SSR data and mtCOI data except in one agro-ecological zone for mtCOI data. Bayesian clustering identified a signature of admixture that suggests genetic contributions from two hypothetical ancestral genetic lineages for both types of markers, and the minimum-spanning haplotype network showed low differentiation in minor haplotypes from the most common haplotype with the most common haplotype occurring in all the 16 districts. A lack of genetic differentiation indicates unrestricted migrations between populations. This information will contribute to the design of BLB control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton Kanyesigye
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity (CoVAB), Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda
| | - Vincent Pius Alibu
- College of Natural Sciences (CoNAS), Makerere University, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Uganda;
| | - Wee Tek Tay
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia;
| | - Polycarp Nalela
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Pamela Paparu
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Samuel Olaboro
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Stanley Tamusange Nkalubo
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
| | - Ismail Siraj Kayondo
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, PMB 5320, Oyo Rd., Ibadan 20001, Nigeria;
| | - Gonçalo Silva
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (G.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Susan E. Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK; (G.S.); (S.E.S.)
| | - Michael Hilary Otim
- National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO), National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI), Kampala P.O. Box 7084, Uganda; (D.K.); (P.N.); (P.P.); (S.O.); (S.T.N.)
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7
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Mugerwa H, Wang H, Sseruwagi P, Seal S, Colvin J. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism and mating compatibility studies reveal the presence of distinct species in sub-Saharan Africa Bemisia tabaci whiteflies. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1553-1566. [PMID: 33146464 PMCID: PMC9292209 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa cassava growing areas, two members of the Bemisia tabaci species complex termed sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1) and SSA2 have been reported as the prevalent whiteflies associated with the spread of viruses that cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) pandemics. At the peak of CMD pandemic in the late 1990s, SSA2 was the prevalent whitefly, although its numbers have diminished over the last two decades with the resurgence of SSA1 whiteflies. Three SSA1 subgroups (SG1 to SG3) are the predominant whiteflies in East Africa and vary in distribution and biological properties. Mating compatibility between SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 whiteflies was reported as the possible driver for the resurgence of SSA1 whiteflies. In this study, a combination of both phylogenomic methods and reciprocal crossing experiments were applied to determine species status of SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 whitefly populations. Phylogenomic analyses conducted with 26 548 205 bp whole genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the full mitogenomes clustered SSA1 subgroups together and separate from SSA2 species. Mating incompatibility between SSA1 subgroups and SSA2 further demonstrated their distinctiveness from each other. Phylogenomic analyses conducted with SNPs and mitogenomes also revealed different genetic relationships among SSA1 subgroups. The former clustered SSA1-SG1 and SSA1-SG2 together but separate from SSA1-SG3, while the latter clustered SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3 together but separate from SSA1-SG1. Mating compatibility was observed between SSA1-SG1 and SSA1-SG2, while incompatibility occurred between SSA1-SG1 and SSA1-SG3, and SSA1-SG2 and SSA1-SG3. Mating results among SSA1 subgroups were coherent with phylogenomics results based on SNPs but not the full mitogenomes. Furthermore, this study revealed that the secondary endosymbiont-Wolbachia-did not mediate reproductive success in the crossing assays carried out. Overall, using genome wide SNPs together with reciprocal crossings assays, this study established accurate genetic relationships among cassava-colonizing populations, illustrating that SSA1 and SSA2 are distinct species while at least two species occur within SSA1 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibu Mugerwa
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentUK
- Department of EntomologyUniversity of GeorgiaGriffinGeorgiaUSA
| | - Hua‐Ling Wang
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentUK
- Institute of Insect SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Biotechnology DepartmentMikocheni Agricultural Research InstituteDar es SalaamTanzania
| | - Susan Seal
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentUK
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources InstituteUniversity of GreenwichCentral AvenueChatham MaritimeKentUK
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8
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Mugerwa H, Colvin J, Alicai T, Omongo CA, Kabaalu R, Visendi P, Sseruwagi P, Seal SE. Genetic diversity of whitefly ( Bemisia spp.) on crop and uncultivated plants in Uganda: implications for the control of this devastating pest species complex in Africa. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2021; 94:1307-1330. [PMID: 34720787 PMCID: PMC8550740 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-021-01355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Over the past three decades, highly increased whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations have been observed on the staple food crop cassava in eastern Africa and associated with ensuing viral disease pandemics and food insecurity. Increased whitefly numbers have also been observed in other key agricultural crops and weeds. Factors behind the population surges on different crops and their interrelationships are unclear, although in cassava they have been associated with specific populations within the Bemisia tabaci species complex known to infest cassava crops in Africa. This study carried out an in-depth survey to understand the distribution of B. tabaci populations infesting crops and uncultivated plant hosts in Uganda, a centre of origin for this pest complex. Whitefly samples were collected from 59 identified plant species and 25 unidentified weeds in a countrywide survey. Identities of 870 individual adult whiteflies were determined through mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences (651 bp) in the 3' barcode region used for B. tabaci systematics. Sixteen B. tabaci and five related whitefly putative species were identified based on > 4.0% nucleotide divergence, of which three are proposed as novel B. tabaci putative species and four as novel closely related whitefly species. The most prevalent whiteflies were classified as B. tabaci MED-ASL (30.5% of samples), sub-Saharan Africa 1 (SSA1, 22.7%) and Bemisia Uganda1 (12.1%). These species were also indicated to be the most polyphagous occurring on 33, 40 and 25 identified plant species, respectively. Multiple (≥ 3) whitefly species occurred on specific crops (bean, eggplant, pumpkin and tomato) and weeds (Sida acuta and Ocimum gratissimum). These plants may have increased potential to act as reservoirs for mixed infections of whitefly-vectored viruses. Management of whitefly pest populations in eastern Africa will require an integration of approaches that consider their degree of polyphagy and a climate that enables the continuous presence of crop and uncultivated plant hosts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-021-01355-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibu Mugerwa
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB UK
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223 USA
| | - John Colvin
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB UK
| | - Titus Alicai
- Root Crops Programme, National Crops Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christopher A. Omongo
- Root Crops Programme, National Crops Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Richard Kabaalu
- Root Crops Programme, National Crops Resources Research Institute, P. O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Visendi
- Centre for Agriculture and Bioeconomy, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001 Australia
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Biotechnology Department, Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Susan E. Seal
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB UK
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